1、备考2022届高考英语高频话题阅读词组限时练05快速写出下列单词的意思1abnormal adj. 2acute adj. 3allergic adj. 4appetite n 5bacterium n 6benefit n v 7bitter adj. 8bleed vi. 9be abundant in 10be beneficial to 11burden n 12comfortable adj. 13cure v& n 14depression n 15digest vt. 16disease n 17dizzy adj. 18energy n 19be/go on a diet 20
2、be high/low in 21harm n& vt. harmful adj. 22hurt v 23injure vt. 24necessary adj. 25nutrition n 26painful adj. 27physical adj. 28keep fit/healthy 29perform an operation on sb. 30put on weight 31poisonous adj. 32pressure n 33recover vi. 34reduce v 35refresh v 36serve v 37strengthen v 38recover from 39
3、send for a doctor 40stay up 背一背1abnormal adj.反常的2acute adj.(病)急性的；灵敏的3allergic adj.过敏的4appetite n食欲，胃口5bacterium n细菌6benefit n利益，好处 v使受益7bitter adj.(味道)苦的，有苦味的8bleed vi.出血，流血9be abundant in富含10be beneficial to对有益11burden n负担12comfortable adj.舒服的；自在的13cure v& n治疗；治愈14depression n抑郁(症)；消沉15digest vt.消
4、化；领会16disease n疾病17dizzy adj.头晕目眩的18energy n精力；活力19be/go on a diet节食20be high/low in含高/低21harm n& vt.伤害；损害harmful adj.有害的22hurt v(使)受伤；(使)疼痛23injure vt.伤害；使受伤24necessary adj.必需的，必要的25nutrition n营养26painful adj.痛苦的27physical adj.物理的；身体的28keep fit/healthy保持健康29perform an operation on sb.给某人动手术30put on
5、 weight增加体重31poisonous adj.有毒的；引起中毒的32pressure n压迫；压力33recover vi.痊愈；恢复34reduce v减少；缩减35refresh v(使)精神振作；(使)精力恢复36serve v招待(顾客等)；服务37strengthen v增强38recover from从中恢复39send for a doctor派人去请医生40stay up熬夜阅读理解三篇Passage 1 (2020全国卷)The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scie
6、ntific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.The engi
7、neers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have taken it a step furtherchanging the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse, even unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when theyre short of water and a pl
8、ant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. “Were thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day，” explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow (发光) in experi
9、ments using some common vegetables. Stranos team found that they could create a faint light for threeandahalf hours. The light, about onethousandth of the amount needed to read by, is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn tree into selfpo
10、wered street lamps.In the future, the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a oneoff treatment that would last the plants lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch” where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.
11、Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source (电源)such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highwaya lot of energy is lost during transmission(传输)Glowing plants could reduce this distanc
12、e and therefore help save energy.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了发光植物的发明过程，以及这种植物的一些优势，指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的作用。1What is the first paragraph mainly about?AA new study of different plants.BA big fall in crime rates.CEmployees from various workplaces.DBenefits from green plants.答案：D段落大意题。根据第一段第一、二句可知，人类与植物的关系一直是
13、科学研究的主题。研究发现了一些积极的影响。下文是积极影响的举例说明。由此可知，第一段的主旨是关于绿色植物的益处。故选D。2What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineers?ATo detect plants lack of water.BTo change compositions of plants.CTo make the life of plants longer.DTo test chemicals in plants.答案：A细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“These include
14、 plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when theyre short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater.”可知，这就包括叶子上印有传感器来显示植物缺水的情况，还有一种植物可以检测到地下水中的有害化学物质。由此可知，麻省理工学院工程师在植物叶片上印上传感器的作用是检测植物缺水的情况。故选A。3What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future?ATh
15、ey will speed up energy production.BThey may transmit electricity to the home.CThey might help reduce energy consumption.DThey could take the place of power plants.答案：C细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，发光的植物可以缩短传输距离，从而帮助节约能源。故选C。4Which of the following can be the best title for the text?ACan we grow more glowing p
16、lants?BHow do we live with glowing plants?CCould glowing plants replace lamps?DHow are glowing plants made pollutionfree?答案：C标题判断题。结合文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一种发光植物，以及发光植物在未来有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的作用。由此可知，C选项“发光植物能取代路灯吗？”最符合文章标题。故选C。Passage 2(2020全国卷)When “Rise of the Planet of the Apes” was first
17、shown to the public last month, a group of excited animal activists gathered on Hollywood Boulevard. But they werent there to throw red paint on furcoatwearing film stars. Instead, one activist, dressed in a fullbody monkey suit, had arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers: “Thanks for not using
18、 real apes (猿)！”The creative team behind “Apes” used motioncapture (动作捕捉) technology to create digitalized animals, spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that records an actors performance and later processes it with computer graphics to create a final image (图像). In this case, one of a
19、 realisticlooking ape.Yet “Apes” is more exception than the rule. In fact, Hollywood has been hot on live animals lately. One nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment of animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping_tabs_on more than 2,000 productions this year. Already, a number of films,
20、 including “Water for Elephants，” “The Hangover Part ” and “Zookeeper，” have drawn the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them havent been treated properly.In some cases, its not so much the treatment of the animals on set in the studio that has activists worried; its the offset trai
21、ning and living conditions that are raising concerns. And there are questions about the films made outside the States, which sometimes are not monitored as closely as productions filmed in the States.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章报道了电影猩球崛起上个月首次与公众见面。在电影拍摄时，没有使用真的类人猿而使用了数字化类人猿的技术，但一些电影的拍摄却存在着虐待动物的现象，一个非营利组织密切关注此事。
22、1Why did the animal activists gather on Hollywood Boulevard?ATo see famous film stars.BTo oppose wearing fur coats.CTo raise money for animal protection.DTo express thanks to some filmmakers.答案：D细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句可知，相反，一名身穿全套猴子玩偶服的活动人士来到现场，手里拿着一块牌子，称赞电影制作人：“感谢你们不用真正的猿猴。”所以动物保护者聚集在好莱坞大道是为了向电影制作者表示感谢。故选D
23、项。2What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about?AThe cost of making “Apes.”BThe creation of digitalized apes.CThe publicity about “Apes.”DThe performance of real apes.答案：B段落大意题。根据第二段第一句可知，“类人猿”背后的创作团队利用动作捕捉技术创造数字化的动物，在记录演员表演的技术上，花费数千万美元，然后用电脑进行图形处理，以产生最终的影像。由此可知，第二段主要是关于数字化类人猿的创造。故选B项。3What does the unde
24、rlined phrase “keeping tabs on” in paragraph 3 probably mean?AListing completely.BDirecting professionally.CPromoting successfully.DWatching carefully.答案：D词义猜测题。根据第三段画线词所在句以及下文可知，其中一家监控动物待遇的非营利组织，今年正密切关注着2,000多部影片。由此可判断出，画线词的意思是“密切关注”。keep tab on “密切注意；监督”。故选D项。4What can we infer from the last parag
25、raph about animal actors?AThey may be badly treated.BThey should take further training.CThey could be traded illegally.DThey would lose popularity.答案：A推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，在某些情况下，让活动人士担心的并不是摄影棚里动物的待遇；令人担忧的是摄影棚以外它们的训练和生活条件。由此可判断出动物演员可能受到虐待。故选A项。Passage 3 (2019浙江高考)California has lost half its big trees sin
26、ce the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor (因素)The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46,000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from
27、the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patri
28、ck McIntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources (资源)But in comparing a study of Califo
29、rnia forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered th
30、e greatest water shortage. The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt (融雪)Since th
31、e 1930s, McIntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.篇章导读：本文是一篇调查报告。调查表明，加利福尼亚州的大树变少了，而气候变化是其中的一个主
32、要因素。1What is the second paragraph mainly about?AThe seriousness of bigtree loss in California.BThe increasing variety of California big trees.CThe distribution of big trees in California forests.DThe influence of farming on big trees in California.答案：A段落大意题。第二段中通过列举一系列数字表明，加利福尼亚州的大树减少的严重性，故A项正确。2Whi
33、ch of the following is wellintentioned but may be bad for big trees?AEcological studies of forests.BBanning woodcutting.CLimiting housing development.DFire control measures.答案：D推理判断题。由第三段最后一句可知，控制野火的措施使得加利福尼亚州的森林里满是跟大树争夺资源的小树，初衷是为了控制野火，这是好的，实则对大树不利，故D项正确。3What is a major cause of the water shortage
34、according to McIntyre?AInadequate snowmelt. BA longer dry season.CA warmer climate. DDampness of the air.答案：C细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的“the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures”可知，水资源不足的主要原因就是气温升高，即更加温暖的气候，故C项正确。4What can be a suitable title for the text?ACaliforn
35、ias Forests：Where Have All the Big Trees Gone?BCutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California SoonCWhy Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests?DPatrick McIntyre：Grow More Big Trees in California答案：A标题判断题。本文是一篇调查报告，第一段就点出主题：California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s。后面具体分析了加利福尼亚州大树的现状、造成大树减少的原因等，故A项作为标题最合适。
