1、专题06 非谓语动词易错题【01】非谓语动词做状语易错题【02】非谓语动词做主语、宾语和表语易错题【03】非谓语动词做定语易错题【04】非谓语动词做补语 01 非谓语动词做状语(2020年全国,语法填空,1.5分) Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments on board Change-4 66 (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. 【警示】本题容易出错的主要原因是句子结构分析不清楚。【问诊】句意:中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。此处表
2、示目的,应使用不定式作目的状语。【答案】to find【叮嘱】1.不定式做状语不定式主要可以做目的状语、结果状语、原因状语等。(1)在too . to do、 enough to do、 so/such . as to do结构中做状语表目的。He is such a good teacher as to be respected by all his students.他是个如此好的老师,以至于受到他所有学生的尊敬。(2)在only/just to do结构中,表示出乎意料的结果。He rushed to the station, only to find that the train ha
3、d left.他匆忙赶到火车站,却发现火车已经开走了。(3)在be happy/glad/sorry/sad/surprised to do sth.结构中做状语表原因。He was surprised to be informed of the news.被告知这一消息,他感到吃惊。2分词做状语(1)v.ing形式:现在分词做状语,用来表时间、条件、让步、原因、伴随、结果等。现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系,且含有进行之意。(2)v.ed形式:过去分词做状语,用来表时间、条件、让步、原因、伴随等。过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系,且含有完成之意。源
4、于系表结构的部分过去分词做状语,表示句子主语所处的一种状态。不表示被动关系,其前不用being,常见的有:seated (坐着的)、hidden (躲着)、devoted (专注的)、lost/absorbed in (沉溺于)、born in (出身于)、dressed in (穿着)、tired of (厌烦了)等。Following the teacher, some students entered the classroom.(动词follow与句子主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系,与句中谓语动词所表示的动作基本同时发生)The teacher entered the classroom,
5、followed by some students.(动词follow与句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系,与句中谓语动词所表示的动作基本同时发生)(3)having done/having been done强调分词的动作发生在句子的谓语动词表示的动作之前。Not having finished my homework, I had to stay at home.(动词finish与句子主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系,且先于谓语动词表示的动作发生)(4)有些分词或不定式短语做状语,其形式的选择不受上下文的影响,称作独立成分。常见的有:generally speaking 一般来说frankly spe
6、aking 坦白地说judging from/by 根据来判断to tell (you) the truth 说实话to begin/start with 起初;开始to be honest 诚实地说to make things/matters worse让事情变得更糟糕的是1.(2020新课标II卷)They are easy 68 (care) for and make great presents.【答案】to care【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:它们很容易照顾,也很适合作为礼物。这里考查“be +形容词 + to do”结构。故填to care。2. (2020新课标III卷)The
7、 next morning he hired a boat and set out 67 (find) the well-known painter.【答案】to find【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:第二天早上,他租了一条船,出发去找这位著名的画家。结合句意表示“出发去做某事”短语为set out to do sth.,后跟不定式做目的状语。故填to find。3. (2020浙江卷) Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology 60(change)lives.【答案】to change【
8、解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:农业让人们第一次体验到技术改变生活的力量。分析句子,简单句中已有动词gave故提示词部分需用非谓语动词。分析句意,此处需用不定式表示目的。故填to change。4. (2020浙江卷)Later,they learned to work with the seasons (season),planting at the right time and,in dry areas, 63 (make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.【答案】making【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:后来,他们学会了因地制宜
9、,在适当的时间播种,在干旱地区,利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子,make所处的分句中无主语,故此处需用非谓语动词。make use of和逻辑主语they之间表示“主动”关系。所以此处用现在分词形式(doing)形式做状语。故填making。5.(2020新课标III卷)And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds69 (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.【答案】 surrounding【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:当他看到雾气从
10、河上升起,山顶上乌云环绕,他不禁流下了眼泪。分析句子结构可知,the soft clouds 69 (surround) the mountain tops是独立主格结构做状语,surround在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语clouds构成主动关系,故应用现在分词。故填surrounding。02 非谓语动词做主语、宾语和表语 【2019新课标I卷】Scientists have responded by _67_ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements,【警示】本题容易出错的主要
11、原因是动词加ing的规则记忆不清。【问诊】 考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词by可知,此处用动名词主动形式,故填noting。【答案】 noting【叮嘱】一现在分词(也称“-ing”形) 1.原形动词词尾+“-ing”。speakspeaking(说)studystudying(学习) gogoing(去)2. 原形动词词尾为“-e”时,去“-e”后+“-ing”。 liveliving(住)makemaking(制造) 3. 原形动词词尾为“-ie”时,先把“-ie”改为“-y”后+“-ing”。lielying(卧,躺) diedying(死) 4. 原形动词词尾为“短元音+辅音字母”时,先
12、双写词尾辅音字母后再+“-ing”。 planplanning(计划) kidkidding(开玩笑)getgetting(得到) stopstopping(停止) putputting(放置) shutshutting(关闭) 注:双音节动词若其词尾的词形如本项的情形,但重音落在第一音节者直接加“-ing”,若是重音落在第二音节者则依本项规则加“-ing”。 visit visiting(访问) begin beginning(开始) 5. 原形动词词尾为“元音+l,r”并为重读音节时,常重复词尾后再加“-ing”。 compel compelling(强迫) preferpreferrin
13、g(宁要) 二 过去式和过去分词 (分规则与不规则动词,规则的过去式和过去分词变化相同)(过去式:只作谓语;过去分词:用以构成被动语态及完成时态、非谓语);规则的过去式和过去分词变化相同。1. 原形动词词尾+“ed”。 rain rained(下雨) walk walked(走)need needed(需要) 2.原形动词词尾为“e”时,加“-d”。live lived(住) like liked(喜欢) 3.原形动词词尾为“辅音字母+y”时,去“-y”后加“-ied”,若是词尾为“元音字母+y”,只加“-ed”。 study studied(学习) play played(游戏) 5. 原形
14、动词词尾为“短元音+辅音字母”时,先双写该辅音字母后再+”-ed“。 chat chatted (闲谈) kid kidded(开玩笑) beg begged(恳求) stop stopped(停止) bud budded(萌芽) 注:双音节动词若其词尾的词形如本项的情形,但重音落在第一音节者直接加“-ed”,若是重音落在第二音节者,则依本项规则加“-ed”。 visit visited(访问) omit omitted(省略) 6.原形动词词尾为“元音+l,r”并为重读音节时,常双写词尾后再加“-ed”。 compel compelled prefer preferred 7.英语字母“c”
15、后面接“e,i”时通常都发s音,例如: face,city。因此,如picnic作动词使用时,其词形变化为了要保住其词尾的k音,通常都先加“-k”之后再加“-ing”或“-ed”。例如: We went picnicking last Sunday. (上星期天我们野餐去了)。 We picnicked in a park by a lake. (我们在湖边的一处公园野餐了。) 1.【2019浙江卷】When the children are walking or _59_ (cycle) to school on dark mornings,【答案】cycling【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意
16、:当孩子们在黑暗的早晨步行或骑车上学时,汽车司机很容易看到它们。or连接两个并列成分,根据or前的walking可知,此处要用cycling。故填cycling。2.【2019浙江卷】But some students didnt want _63_ (wear) the uniform.【答案】to wear【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:但是,有一些学生不想穿学生服。want to do sth想要做某事,这里是动词不定式作to的宾语。故填to wear。3.(2020新课标I卷)My mom told me how to preparing it【答案】 preparing改为prepar
17、e。 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:我妈妈告诉我如何准备这道菜。分析句子可知,“how+不定式”作told的宾语,to是不定式符号,后应接动词原形,故将preparing改为prepare。4.【2019新课标II卷】A 90-year-old has been awarded“Woman Of The Year”for _61_ (be)Britains oldest full-time employee-still working 40 hours a week.【答案】 being【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词for可知,此处用动名词形式作宾语,故填being。 03 非谓语动词做
18、定语 (2020新课标II卷)They represent the earth 63 (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.【警示】本题容易出错的主要原因是固定搭配记忆不牢,句子的结构分析不清。【问诊】考查非谓语动词。句意:它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美好祝愿。句中谓语动词为represent,所以这里为非谓语动词。名词earth与come back to之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填coming。【答案】coming【叮嘱】1动词不定式作定语动词不定式作定语通常置于所修饰的名词或代词之后,与所修饰的词
19、之间构成逻辑上的主谓、动宾关系或同位关系。She is always the first to come and the last to leave.(主谓关系)她总是第一个来最后一个离开。I cant think of any good advice to give her.(动宾关系)我想不出任何好的建议给她。His last appeal, to come and see her, went unanswered.(同位关系)没有人答应他最后要来看她的请求。2分词作定语(1)现在分词作定语当该动词与被修饰的名词之间为主谓关系或用来表示被修饰的名词的用途时,用动词ing 形式。The le
20、cture, starting at 7:00 pm.last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.始于昨天晚上7点的这次演讲,紧跟在用望远镜对月球进行观测之后。温馨提示被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示在进行时,用现在分词的被动式作定语,表示该动作的被动和进行。(2)过去分词作定语过去分词作定语,分词与被修饰的名词之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。Tsinghua University, founded in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding
21、figures.众多杰出人物从始建于1911 年的清华大学毕业。注意作定语的不及物动词的分词形式为doing和done,doing 表示正在进行;done 表示已经完成。3动名词作定语表示被修饰词的某种用途,在意义上相当于“名词fordoing”,此时动名词常置于被修饰词的前面。In sight of Shackletons landing place, our boat hit rock.在能看到沙克尔顿的登陆点时,我们的船触礁了。No flying machine will fly from New York to Paris.没有飞行器会从纽约飞到巴黎。1.【2019新课标II卷】Pic
22、king up her “Lifetime Achievement” award,proud Irene _declared_(declare) she had no plans _65_ (retire) from her 36-year-old business.【答案】to retire【解析】考查不定式作定语。此处用to do sth做后置定语,用来修饰前面的名词plan,表示“的计划”,故填to retire。2.【2019新课标II卷】When we got a call _68_ (say)she was short-listed,we thought it was _a_ jo
23、ke.【答案】saying【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其后所接的宾语从句可知,此处用现在分词形式saying作后置定语,解释名词call的内容,call与say是主动关系,故填saying。 04 非谓语动词做补语(2020新课标II卷)They make great gifs and you see them many times 65 (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.【警示】本题容易出错的主要原因是句子结构不清楚。【问诊】考查非谓语动词。句意:它们是很好的礼物,你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。句中
24、them指代前句中的orange trees,与decorate之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decorated。【答案】 decorated【叮嘱】1感官动词和短语(see,watch,observe,notice,look at,hear,listen to,feel)后面的宾语补足语常见的有三种非谓语动词形式(do/doing/done)。do 表主动和完成(被动句中to还原),doing表主动或正在进行,done 表被动或完成。The missing boy was last seen playing near the river.失踪的小男孩最后一次被看到时正在河边
25、玩耍。2动词let, make, have, get, leave, keep, find后接非谓语动词形式作补足语。On the contrary, those who let teenagers experience the consequences of their actions can do better.相反,那些让青少年经历了他们行动结果的人能够做得更优秀。3固定短语,如advise/allow/encourage/request/warn sb.to do sth.等。4with/without的复合结构:withn.doing (主动、进行)/done(被动、完成)/to d
26、o(目的、将来)。Without anyone noticing, I stole into the room.没有人注意到,我偷偷溜进了房间。1.(2020山东卷) As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine themselves (they) living at a different time in history or 43(walk)through a rainforest.【答案】 walking【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:除了观赏展品,游
27、客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏,想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期,或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处与living是并列成分,共同做imagine的宾补,imagine sb doing sth. “想象某人做某事”。故填walking。2.【2019江苏卷】Chinas image is improving steadily, with more countries_ its role in international affairs.A. recognizingB. being recognizedC. to be recognizedD. recognized【答案】A【解析】考查with复合结构。句意
28、:中国的形象正在稳步提升,更多的国家认识到中国在国际事务中的作用。“更多的国家”和“认识”之间是主动关系,用with + 名词 + 现在分词结构,故选A。 错1. (2018北京,6)During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together(share) a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.【答案】to share【解析】句意:过中秋节的时候,家人们通常会团聚在一起吃饭、赏月和品尝月饼。本题考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知家人们团聚在一起的目的是吃饭、赏月和品尝月饼
29、,因此用不定式to share作目的状语。2. (2018北京,10)Ordinary soap,(use)correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.【答案】used【解析】句意:普通的香皂,只要使用正确,就可以有效除菌。本题考查非谓语动词作状语。use与其逻辑主语为被动关系,故填过去分词used。3. (2018江苏,26)Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period,(exceed) the expected number of 12,000 held by market ana
30、lysts.【答案】exceeding【解析】句意:这段时期约13,500个新工作被创造出来,超过了市场分析者预测的12 000个。考查非谓语动词。设空处是非谓语动词作状语,与Around 13,500 new jobs是主动关系,且没有动作发生前后的关系,要用现在分词。4.(2018天津,7)I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph(take).【答案】taken【解析】句意:我需要一个新护照,因此我得照张相片。本题考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语。宾语my photograph与take为被动关系,且表示让他人去做这件事
31、,因此用过去分词作宾补,即have sth. done结构,意为“让某事被做”。5.(2018天津,12)I didnt mean(eat)anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldnt help trying it.【答案】to eat【解析】句意:我当时什么都不想吃,但是那款冰激凌看上去太诱人了以至于我禁不住品尝了它。本题考查非谓语动词作宾语。mean to do sth.打算做某事;mean doing sth.意味着做某事。此处表示打算做某事,mean后须加不定式作宾语。6.(2018天津,8)It took him a
32、 long time(acquire) the skills he needed to become a good dancer.【答案】to acquire【解析】句意:获得他成为一名好舞者所需要的各项技能花了他很长时间。考查非谓语动词作主语。在It takes/took sb.to do sth.句型中,It作形式主语,不定式短语作真正的主语。7.(2018北京,3)(travel)along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.【答案】Traveling【解析】句意:沿古老的丝绸之路旅行是一次有趣和有益
33、的经历。本题考查非谓语动词作主语。根据题干可知,along the old Silk Road是主语部分,应该用动名词形式作主语。8.【2016北京】 _ it easier to get in touch with us, youd better keep this card at hand.A. Made B. Make C. Making D. To make【答案】D【解析】考查不定式作目的状语。句意:为了更方便地联系到我们,你最好随身带着这张卡片。根据句意可知,这里是目的状语,表目的用动词不定式,故选D。9.【2016北京】_ over a week ago, the books a
34、re expected to arrive any time now.A. Ordering B. To orderC. Having ordered D. Ordered【答案】D【解析】题目考查过去分词作状语。句意:(因为)那些书是一周多之前订的,现在随时有可能送到。books和order是动宾关系,即order the books/the books are ordered,故用过去分词表示被动和完成,在此相当于原因状语从句because they were ordered.,故选D。10.【2016北京】Newly-built wooden cottages line the stre
35、et, _ the old town into a dreamland.A. turn B. turningC. to turn D. turned【答案】B【解析】题目考查现在分词表伴随状况。句意:新建的木屋林立在街道的两旁,使古镇变成了一个梦幻之地。turn的逻辑主语是cottages,两者是主动关系,故用现在分词,表示主动和伴随,故选B。11.【2016江苏】In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message_within the work.A. to hideB. hiddenC. hidingD. bei
36、ng hidden【答案】B【解析】考查分词作定语。相当于定语从句that is hidden within the work。A、C项表示主动含义,D项表示正在进行,与语境不符。故B项正确。12.(2015新课标全国)Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it (regularly) (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people _ (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.【答案】living 【解析】考查非谓语动词。空处与people之间
37、为逻辑上的主谓关系,故用现在分词短语作后置定语。13.(2015新课标全国)The adobe dwellings (土坯房)_ (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by.【答案】built 【解析】考查过去分词短语作定语。 本句主语是The adobe dwellings,谓语是are admired,因此空白处不需要谓语动词,应用过去分词短语作定语表示一个被动的、已完成的动作。14.(2015北京)The park was full of people,_ (enjoy) themselve
38、s in the sunshine.【答案】enjoying 【解析】句意:公园里有很多人,他们在阳光下玩得很开心。分析句子结构可知,themselves in the sunshine作people的定语,people和enjoy为逻辑上的主谓关系,需要用主动形式,故用enjoying,相当于who enjoyed。15.(2014大纲)Today there are more airplanes _(carry)more people than ever before in the skies.【答案】carrying 【解析】 分析句子结构可知,此处是非谓语动词作定语修饰airplane
39、s,且carry为airplanes主动发出的动作,故应用动词-ing形式carrying。16.(2014浙江)Amie Salmon,disabled,is attended throughout her school days by a nurse _ (appoint) to guard her.【答案】appointed 【解析】句意:身残的Amie Salmon,在学校由一个指定守护她的护士照料着。appoint与nurse之间是动宾关系,所以用过去分词作后置定语。17.(2014重庆)The producer comes regularly to collect the came
40、ras _ (return) to our shop for quality problems. 【答案】returned【解析】cameras与return之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,所以要用被动形式;过去分词作定语修饰中心词the cameras。18.(2013陕西)The witnesses _ (question) by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight.【答案】questioned【解析】句意:刚才被警察询问的目击者们对这次打架给出了完全不同的描述。由于The witnesses和ques
41、tion之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,同时在句中有表示过去的时间状语just now,故要用过去分词作后置定语表示被动和完成。19.(2013湖南)You cannot accept an opinion_ (offer) to you unless it is based on facts.【答案】offered【解析】句意:你不能接受(别人)给你提的意见,除非该意见是基于事实的。 to you为后置定语,修饰名词opinion,动词offer与该名词之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。20.(2013天津)In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words _ (use) in daily conversations.【答案】.used 【解析】分析句子成分可知,use和words之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,故用used作后置定语。21.(2013北京)Volunteering gives you a chance _ (change) lives, including your own.【答案】to change 【解析】句意:志愿者活动给你一次改变人生的机会,包括你自己的(人生)。此处是不定式短语作后置定语。