1、名词性从句（宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句）六大基本句型1主系表句型-be（连系动词do）2、主谓宾-do（vt）3、主谓- do(vi)-(不及物动词)4、主谓宾补-do(vt)5、主谓宾宾-do(vt) 记双宾语的动词一定要记。6、Therebe(不及物动词do)-be (不及物动词)宾语从句定义：在主谓宾句型的宾语的位置上把做为名词的宾语扩展成一个be句型或者do句型。可以用下列公式进行表示：主语+谓语+从句。宾语从句的连词that ,whether(or not)或if;which(whichever), who(whoever)，whom(whomever) ，whose(whosev
2、er)，what(whatever);when(whenever)，where(wherever)， why，how(however);how many, how much, how long, how often，how soon宾语从句的形式：1、主谓宾句型的宾语从句:作为名词的宾语扩展成一个be句型或者do句型。He knows the newsHe knowsthatthe teacher is in classroom2、主谓宾宾-do(vt) 句型的宾语从句，把直接宾语变为一个be或do句型。He tells me the newsHe tells the newstomeHe t
3、ells methat sheisa teacherHe tellsthat she is a teacherto me3、主谓宾补句型的宾语从句需要it来做形式宾语IfindChineseimportant主 谓 宾 补I findthatwe make a quick decision about this matter important主 谓 宾语从句 补I finditimportant that we make a quick decision about this matter主 谓 形式宾语 补 宾语从句I think it necessarythatwe take plent
4、y of hot water every day .我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.I feelita pitythat I havent been to the get-together.我没去聚会,感觉非常遗憾.I have made it a rulethat I keep diaries.我每天写日记成了习惯.4、宾语从句的省略形式：某些形容词后面可以带宾语从句，其形式为sb+be+形容词+that宾语从句：这一类形容词通常是表示人物的心理，情感等状态的形容词如：sure, certain, glad, please, happy, sorry, afraid, satisfied, s
5、urpriseda. I am glad (that) you helped me.b、I am sure (that) you can pass the exam.1、I am glad of your help.2、I am sure about your exam.分析：上面句子中介词后面所跟成分都做介词宾语。我们完全可以将他们换成that+陈述句:3、 I am gladofthat you helped me.4、 I am sure about that you can pass the exam.从语法上讲，以上的结构都是正确的。但是，由于这样表达过于啰嗦，所以我们可以将其简化，
6、省去介词，由于它们是宾语从句，所以连同that也可以省掉，因此，这是一种省略形式的宾语从句。表语从句同样的道理，如果在主系表句型表语的位置上把表语变成一个be句型或者do句型，则称为表语从句。 The question is difficult -_the question ishowwemakemoney .主语 系 表 主语 系 表语从句 The question is difficult - the question isthatsheisa thief主语 系 表语从句The question is difficult -the question isthatthere isa thi
7、ef in the room主语 系 表语从句 事实是因为每个人都要生活- the fact is because everyone must live小结：表语从句的引导词与宾语从句一样，规律与宾语从句一样，只不过称呼不同而已，因此掌握宾语从句以后，表语从句无需特别学习。但要注意以下几点：1、不可以用if，而用whether连接表语从句(as if 例外）。False: The question isifthe enemy is marching towards us.（错误）Right: The question is whether the enemy is marching towar
8、ds us.（正确）2、that在表语从句中不可以省掉。the question isthatsheisa thief3、注意比较That is because.”句型与that is why.句型“That is because.”与“That is why.”之间的不同在于“That is because.”指原因或理由，“That is why.”则指由于各种原因所造成的后果。例如：1：He did not see the film last night.That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework.
9、2、He had seen the film before.That is why he did not see it last night.(第一句话说明原因， 第二句话说明结果)4、当主语是reason, fact，idea等抽象名词时，表语从句的连接词应该用that.The reason isthathe didnt go to schoolThe traditionalviewis _ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” tomake us do so.A when B. why C. whether D. thatYou are sa
10、ying that everyone should be equal, and this is _ I disagree.A. why B. where C. what D. how主语从句如果将主谓宾或主系表的主语扩展成为一个句子，称为主语从句： The question is difficult -that she makes money is difficult主语 系 表 主语从句 系 表- it is difficult that she makes money形式主语 系 表 真正的主语It= that she makes money 主语从句的结构：it is.that.the
11、cat is a fact - that there is a cat in the room is a fact主语从句it is a fact that there is a cat in the room形式主语 系 表 真正主语he knows the news- that he knows the news surprises meIt surprises me that he knows the news小结：主语从句的引导词与宾语从句一样，规律与宾语从句一样，只不过称呼不同而已，因此掌握宾语从句以后，主语从句无需特别学习。但需要注意两点：1,主语从句有形式主语it2,引导词if不
12、能引导主语从句，只能用whether.(or not)If 不能引导主语从句他明天是否上学还不知道ifhe will go to school is unclear (错误) it is unclear if he will go to school（错误）Whether he will go to schoolis unclearItis unclear whether he will go to school(正确)3、以下几点需要注意：It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分
13、进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如：It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film.It wasthe football team and It had(who) helped the old man4、(1) 主系表的主语从句形式 it +系+表+从句It is a fact that 事实是It is natural that 很自然(2)主谓宾的主语从句形式：it+谓语（及物动词）+宾语+从句（3）主谓的主语从句形式： it +谓语（不及物动词）从句It seems that 似乎
14、It happened that 碰巧(4)主谓宾宾的主语从句形式：it +谓语+宾语+宾语+从句(5)主谓宾补的主语从句形式：it +谓语+宾语+补语+从句巩固练习1. Nowadays consumers become more and more practical and buy only _they need. A. where B. which C. when D. what2. Shed like to offer money to _ needs it to continue his or her study.A. who B. whom C. whoever D. whomev
15、er3. -If you are admitted to a key university, _ as a prize?- Im looking for a cell phone.A. What you expect your father will offer youB. Do you expect what your father will offer youC. What do you expect will your father offer youD. What do you expect your father will offer you4. Yesterday he sold
16、out all his stamps at _ he thought was a reasonable price.A. that B. which C. what D. as5. Generally speaking, _ we have seen seems more believable than _ wehave been told.A. what; that B. what; what C. that; what D. that; that6. After three days waiting, there was a little doubt in the mothers mind
17、 _the police could find her lost child.A. how B. that C. where D. whether7. Sustainable development is a question _ we can continue developingthe world without damaging the environment.A. why B. when C. that D. how8. Wed like to do _ we can _ the poor.A. how; help B. all; to help C. whatever; help D
18、. however; to help9. My parents used _they had to get a new car for my brother.A. which B. all what C. whatD. 不填10. She was so angry at all _ he was doing _ she stayed up all night.A. that; that B. that; which C. what; that D. what; as11. After _ seemed ages, the newsman disclosed the facts.A. there
19、 B. which C. what D. that12. Our school is no longer _ it was 10 years ago, _it was not wellequipped.A. what; which B. that; which C. what; when D. that; where13. Our bad living habits will destroy the earth. Only by changing _we livecan we save the earth.A. that B. what C. how D. where14. Thinking
20、that you know _ in fact you dont is a serious mistakeA. what B. that C. when D. however15. Energy is _ makes things work.A. what B. everything C. something D. anything16. One of the men held the view _the book said was right.A. that what B. what that C. that D. whether17. I think that this meal was
21、well worth _ was charged for it.A. thatB. whatC. which D. how many18. Do you think the reason _ he gave is believable?A. for whichB. whichC. why D. what19. Although he knew little about the large amount of work done in the field, hesucceeded _ other more well-informed experimenters failed.A. whichB.
22、 that C. whatD. where20. Although Anne is happy with her success she wonders_ will happen toher private life.A. it B. that C. what D. this21. The news has spread all over the country _ the spaceship succeeded inreturning to the earth.A. that B. whichC. whether D. what22. You can choose _ book you li
23、ke among these.A. no matter what B. whatever C. whose D. whichever23. Is this research center _ we visited the modern equipment last year?A. where B. that C. the one D. which24. Loulan city is not at all _a traveler who has never seen the desert beforecan expect.A. what B. that C .which D. where25.
24、What the doctor is uncertain about is _ my mother will recover from theserious disease soon.A. when B. how C. whether D. why26. We should buy our daughter a computer in _ it can help to improve her English.A. which B. that C. what D. whom27. I wish to have a friend with _ shares my hobbies and inter
25、ests.A. whomever B. no matter who C. whoever D. anyone28. Why dont you bring _ to his attention that you are too busy to do it.A. this B. what C. that D. it29. The task required _ did it _ careful and brave enough.A. who; is B. whom; was C. whomever; were D. whoever; be30. We wrote a letter of thank
26、s to _ had helped us.A. who B. those C. whom D. whoever31.- What are you anxious about?- _.A. Whether we can succeed B. If we succeedC. Do you succeed D. That we can succeed32. I just dont understand_ that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect.A .why it does B. what it d
27、oes C. what it is D. why it is33. -I rang you at about ten, but there was no reply.-Oh, that was probably _ I was seeing the doctor.A. when B. why C. what D. that34. I kept this picture _ I can see it every day as it reminds me of my university days.A. in which B. where C. when D. whether35. -I cant
28、 find Mr. Smith .Where did you last see him this morning?-It was in the hotel _ he stayed.A. that B. where C. which D. since36. You should keep those old jam bottles -you never know _ you might need them.A. when B. how. C. what D .where37. -Do you have anything in mind _youd like for supper ?-Well,
29、_will do for me.A. which, everything B. that, anythingC. what, whatever D. that, either38. After five hours drive, they reached _ they thought was the place theyd been dreaming of .A. that B. what C. which D. where39. It is recommended that the project _ until all the preparations have been made.is not started B. not be startedC. will not be started D. is not to be started40._ has finished the work ahead of time will be rewarded though we dont know who it will be.A. Those who B. Anyone C. Whoever D. No matter who
