1、2016年高考英语增分策略(四)短文改错2.综合探究(1)1冠词的多用、漏用和误用此类题的错误设置一般包括以下几个方面:(1)定冠词和不定冠词的混用。(2)零冠词和非零冠词的混用。(3)某些习语或固定搭配中冠词的误用。【典题示例】I gained so much confidence that I went back to school as new person.冠词的漏用。单数名词前如果没有其他限定词出现,一般要用不定冠词。With coming of spring,grass and trees turn green.冠词的漏用。coming用作名词,需加定冠词the,如the maki
2、ng of paper。as 后加 a with 后加 the Now I am living in a city,but I miss my home in countryside.冠词的漏用。城市生活与乡村生活对比,此处特指自己在故乡的家。(My dream school looks like a big garden.There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings.冠词多用。根据句子中的 all kinds of 可知,此处是泛指各种各样的花和树木,不是特指。去掉 flowers 前面
3、的 the countryside 前加 the After a hour or so we began to feel very frightened.冠词的误用。以元音音素开头的词前应用 an。aan【高分策略】(1)牢固掌握定冠词、不定冠词和零冠词的使用规律。(2)平时注意留意冠词的使用,努力培养语感。(3)熟记固定结构中冠词的使用情况。2名词单复数的误用此类题的错误设置一般包括以下两个方面:(1)可数名词与不可数名词的混用。(2)用于固定词组中的一些名词的特殊用法。【典题示例】He had no ideas that the kitchen was not for guests.hav
4、e no idea 为固定词组,只能用单数。Your knowledges of Greece can help the whole class.knowledge 为不可数名词。ideasidea knowledgesknowledge have a good knowledge of“精通”,是固定搭配。The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.air“空气”是不可数名词,不能用复数形式。On the way up I was busy taking picture since the scenery was so beau
5、tiful.picture 为可数名词,此处应用复数形式表示泛指。airsair picturepictures【高分策略】(1)理清可数与不可数名词之间的区别与联系。(2)记清一些用于固定词组中名词的特殊用法。3代词指代不一致的错误或代词使用不当此类题的错误设置一般包括以下几个方面:(1)代词指代的人或事物前后不一致的错误。(2)“it”一词的不当使用(包括用于从句中作形式主语或形式宾语)。(3)不定代词或反身代词的误用。【典题示例】I just smiled to me and thought,“what can I do?”smile to oneself 意为“自己暗暗地笑”,是固定用
6、法,这是代词使用不当。(2015高考课标卷)We must find ways to protect your environment.前后代词指代需一致,前面用 we,因此后面作定语的应用 our。memyself yourour/the I read your e-mail to my parents and showed them the photo you sent it to me.you sent to me 是定语从句,关系代词为 that 和 which,在句中作宾语,故不能再使用代词 it。去掉 it【高分策略】(1)顺藤摸瓜,理清短文中代词的指代关系,注意联系上下文。(2)
7、系统掌握 it 的各种用法。(3)准确把握不定代词在文中的正确使用。4主谓不一致的错误此类题的错误设置一般包括以下几个方面:(1)主谓在人称或单复数上不一致。(2)在含有定语从句或强调结构中的主谓不一致方面的错误。(3)非谓语动词短语作主语或主语从句作主语时主谓不一致方面的错误。【典题示例】But then there is always more mysteries to look into.后面的 mysteries 为复数形式。Bill was standing at the side of the car,talking to the man who were helping him
8、to repair it.先行词 the man 是单数,因此定语从句的谓语动词也为单数。isare werewas Being a qualified teacher need a lot of practice and training.动名词作主语谓语动词一般用单数。needneeds【高分策略】(1)做题时要有全局观念,前后联系。(2)搞清句子结构,分析句子成分。(3)全面掌握有关主谓一致方面的规则。5动词的时态和语态的误用此类题的错误设置一般包括以下几个方面:(1)短文中时态的使用前后不一致。(2)在特定语境条件下时态的误用(如含有状语从句的复合句中,主句用将来时态,而从句中则用一般
9、现在时态)。(3)主动语态和被动语态的混用。We can lie on the grass for a rest,or sat by the lake listening to music.此处 sit 和前面的 lie 是并列关系。根据上下文及此处 lie 所用的动词时态形式可知,应把过去式 sat 改为一般现在时 sit。句中 sat 改为 sit When I was a child,I hoped to live in the city.I think I would be happy there.前句是一般过去时,且本复合句的从句用了过去将来时,故此处应用一般过去时,以符合“时态一致
10、”原则。小时候,我希望在城市里居住。我原以为在那里我会很幸福。是过去以为,要用一般过去时态。thinkthought Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very serious problem.此处表示“研究表明”,所以用主动语态。Growing up is not easy.Sometimes all that is need is someone to rely on.语态的误用。此处应为被动语态。needneeded 删除 shown 前的 been【高分策略】(1)通读全文,
11、搞清文中动词的主体时态。(2)结合语境,灵活掌握各种时态的用法。(3)认真推敲,准确把握主动与被动。2016年高考英语增分策略(四)短文改错2.综合探究(2)1非谓语动词的误用此类题的错误设置一般包括以下几个方面:(1)谓语动词与非谓语动词的混用。(2)非谓语动词之间的混用。(3)在并列结构中非谓语动词的误用。【典题示例】The air keeps the balloon up was escaping quickly and the balloon was coming down.句中 keeping the balloon up 作定语,修饰 the air,与 the air 是主谓关系
12、。I just want to thank you for helping me becoming a different person.help 后可接不带 to 的不定式。keepskeeping becomingbecomeHow about join us?How about 或 What about 后面应接动名词。They wanted one child or another to come out and played.play 和前面的 come out 为并列的动词。joinjoining playedplay【高分策略】(1)纵观全文或全句,明确句中动词所作的句子成分。(
13、2)系统掌握非谓语动词的句法功能。(3)前后联系,整体把握。2形容词和副词的混用及其比较等级的误用此类题的错误设置一般包括以下几个方面:(1)形容词和副词的混用,是短文改错中常见的考点之一。(2)比较级和最高级的混用或误用。(3)比较级和最高级修饰语的误用。【典题示例】They came back lately and had some tea.lately 和 late 均为副词,但意思不同。lately 意为“近来”,“最近”,相当于 recently;而 late 意为“晚”,“迟”。根据文意,此处应用 late。latelylateThe two men threw all their
14、 equipment into the water to make the balloon light.比较等级的误用。根据文意,两个人把所有的装备都扔进水里是为了让气球比原来更轻,故用比较级。lightlighter Lots of studies have shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem.seriouslyserious 用形容词修饰名词problem,不能用副词形式。a very serious problem“一个非常严重的问题”。【高分策略】(1)熟知形容词和副词的句法功能。(
15、2)理清短文中形容词和副词比较等级的关系。(3)结合短文内容,准确使用形容词和副词。3关联词和平行结构的误用此类题的错误设置一般包括以下几个方面:(1)并列连词 but,and,or,so 等词的混用,常常出现在短文改错题中。(2)并列连词和从属连词的混用。(3)平行结构方面的错误。【典题示例】I came into the living room and saw one of them just go through the kitchen door but turn on the light.根据句意,此处无转折意义。(2015高考课标卷)There the air is clean or
16、 the mountains are green.乡村的空气是干净的,大山是翠绿翠绿的。前后是并列关系。butand orand 30 percent of girls would like to become teachers when only 5 percent of boys want to do this job.句中表达的是男生和女生愿意当老师的人数的对比,因此用 while。whenwhile【高分策略】(1)依据短文中的逻辑关系,准确把握词与词,句与句或段与段之间的关系。(2)分析句子结构,确定句子的类型(简单句,并列句,复合句)。(3)排除汉语影响,识别 although.b
17、ut 或 because.so 等错误。4固定搭配、习惯用法与介词的误用此类题的错误设置一般包括以下几个方面:(1)在一些固定短语中介词的误用。(2)介词与连词或副词的混用。(3)及物动词之后介词的多用或不及物动词之后介词的漏用。【典题示例】Because the help you gave me that summer,my life changed.连词与介词的混用。because of 后可接名词,而 because 只能接句子。pay for sth.为固定结构,意为“支付”。Because 后加 of When a young man starts to earn his own l
18、iving,he can no longer expect others to pay his food.pay 后加 for Unfortunately,on the development of industrialization,the environment has been polluted.with 表示“随着”。onwith【高分策略】(1)在平时的学习中注意积累语言知识,特别是一些固定搭配的记忆。(2)强化语法训练,分清连词、副词和介词之间的区别和句法功能。(3)把语法知识的记忆和语感的培养结合起来。5冗词的多用此类题的错误设置一般包括以下几个方面:(1)英语和汉语在某些方面的
19、表达差异是常考点之一。(2)某些从句引导词的误用。(3)某些固定表达结构的误用。【典题示例】Last summer,I went to Beijing,my first time trip to the city.time 一词多余,first 即可表达“第一次”。Two years later,he returned back home.return 即可表达“归来”之意。去掉 time 去掉 backMany students feel it that a popular teacher must be kind and easy-going.动词 feel 的宾语是 that 引导的宾语从句,而 it 不是形式宾语(如果是形式宾语,其后应接形容词)。去掉 it【高分策略】(1)培养用英语思维的良好习惯,避免汉语影响。(2)分析句子成分,把握句子结构。(3)结合上下文,完整领会短文内容。