1、Unit 12 Culture Shock 语法篇 _1、接不定式或动名词作宾语的动词。2、现在分词的用法。一， 接不定式或动名词作宾语的动词1， 常用的只能接动词不定式作宾语的动词：agree, ask, choose, decide, demand, expect, fail, hope, manage, offer, offer, plan, promise, pretend, refuse, want, wish等。They agrees to put two foreign students up over the summer. 他们同意夏季为两个外国留学生提供膳宿。The onl
2、y difference is how you choose to spend your time. 唯一区别就是你选择怎么花费你的时间。2. 常用的只能跟动名词作宾语的动词：admit, avoid, appreciate, consider, delay, deny, enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy, finish, imagine, mind, miss, practice, suggest, keep(on), feel like, devote oneself to, give up, get/be used to, be worth, cant help,
3、 insist on, look forward to等。He admitted having done wrong. 他承认做错了。I suggest trying once more. 我建议在试一次。3. 常用的既能跟动词不定式也能跟动名词形式作宾语的动词：begin, start, continue, hate, like, love, prefer等。I was about to leave when it began to snow. 我正准备离开这时天突然下起大雪。4. try, mean, stop, go on等接动词不定式和动名词意思不同。We try to provide
4、 them with direction and help. 我们试图给他们提供指导和帮助。5. need, want跟动名词形式作宾语时表示被动意义，跟动词不定式作宾语时表示主动意义。You need to touch up the poem. 你需要把这首诗润色一下。The company needs repairing. 这台电脑需要修理。二， 现在分词的用法1. 作状语现在分词表示时间，条件，原因，让步关系时，常位于句首，且用逗号隔开，可以转换相应的状语从句；现在分词作结果，方式，伴随状语时多位于句中，可用逗号隔开，也可以不用。Walking in the street(When I
5、was walking in the street), I met an old friend of mine. 走在大街上，我遇到一位老朋友。（时间）Working hard(If you work hard), you will surely succeed. 如果用功，你一定会成功的。（条件）Not knowing her address (As I dont know her address), I cant write to her. 由于不知道她的地址，我没能给她写信。（原因）Having failed (Although he had failed) many times, he
6、 didnt lose heart. 虽然屡次失败，但他没有灰心丧气。（让步）Please answer the question using another way (by using another way). 请换一种方式回答这个问题。（方式）A terrible hurricane struck the area, making thousands of people homeless. 飓风袭击了那个地区，使成千上万人无家可归。（结果）They were walking in the woods, singing happily. 我们漫步在树林里，欢乐地唱着歌。（伴随）2. 作定语
7、现在分词可单独作定语放在被修饰的名词前。现在分词短语放在被修饰的名词后，相当于一个定语从句。被修饰的名词与现在分词之间是主谓关系，动名词作定语表示被修饰的名词的功能和用途。The flying kites are high in the sky. 飞行的风筝在天空中飘扬。3. 作宾语补足语现在分词常用在感官动词see, hear, watch, feel, notice, observe, listen to, look at等和使役动词have, get, leave, set等的宾语后面作宾语补足语，宾语与现在分词之间是主谓关系，也就是说宾语实际上是现在分词动作的发出者。My breath
8、ing quickened, and I felt heart beating faster. 我呼吸开始变得急促，心跳也加快了。4. 作表语现在分词作表语可被very等副词修饰。The teachers words were greatly inspiring whenever I met with difficulties. 无论我什么时候遇到困难，老师的话都极具感召力。例1. I remembered _ the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights.A. lockingB. to lockC.
9、having lockedD. to have locked解析：句意：离开办公室之前，我记得锁门了，但是忘了关灯。考查非谓语动词用法。remember to do sth. 记得要做某事，根据before I left the office可知：空格处为“要锁门”，所以B项正确。答案：B。例 2. _ the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level.A. Find B. Found C. To findD. Finding 解析：句意：由于发现这门功课非常难，她决定转到水平低一点的课程。本题考查非谓语动词作状语。
10、A项为动词原形，被排除；根据题干可知非谓语动词和逻辑主语she为主动关系，故排除D项；不定式置于句首通常表示目的，在此不符合题意，排除C项；根据句意可知非谓语动词在此作原因状语，应使用现在分词形式，故选择B项。答案：B。例3. Laura was away in Paris for over a week. When she got home, there was a pile of mail _ for her.A. waited B. to waitC. waitingD. was waiting解析：句意：Laura去巴黎待了一周多时间。当她返回家的时候，有一大堆邮件等着她处理。考查非谓
11、语动词作定语。因为wait“等待”与mail“邮件”为主谓关系，所以选wait的现在分词形式waiting，相当于定语从句that was waiting for her。不定式作定语时，通常表示将来的动作。若用在此处不符合语境。答案：C。例4. I looked up and noticed a snake _ its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.A. startingB. being startedC. to startD. to be started 解析：句意：我抬起头，看见一条蛇正在蜿蜒着向树上爬行取捕食早餐。本题考查非谓语动词作宾语
12、补足语。Notice后接不带to的不定式结构作宾语补足语，故排除A项；D项为动词的过去分词形式，不符合题意，可排除；省去to的不定式结构作notice的宾补，表示动作的全过程；现在分词结构作notice的宾补表示动作正在发生。根据语境可知选C项。答案：C。例5. （2019北京通州高三二模）_ in space by ordinary citizens will be common.A. Travelling B. TravelledC. To travelD. Having travelled解析：句意：普通人去太空旅行将会很常见。空格处在句中作主语，所以只能用动名词或不定式，动名词作主语表
13、示普通的，一般的行为，不定式表示某次具体的行为，根据语境可知，此处为将来会发生的一般行为，即可推断出正确答案。答案：A。基础演练一，单项选择。1. Weve had a good start, but next, more work needs _ to achieve the final success.A. being doneB. doC. to be doneD. to do2. I regret _ you that your application has not been successful.Not successful? I performed pretty well in
14、my interview.A. informingB. to informC. having informedD. to have informed 3. Have you finished your task now?Not yet. So much time has been wasted _ its details aimlessly this morning.A. being assessedB. to assessC. assessedD. assessing4. I had difficulty _ the suitable food on the menu in that res
15、taurant.A. findB. foundC. to findD. finding5. _ which university to attend, the girl asked her teacher for advice.A. bathedB. bathingC. to have bathedD. having bathed6. _ which university to attend, the girl asked her teacher for advice.A. Not knowingB. Knowing notC. Not knownD. Known not7. The part
16、y will be held in the garden, weather _.A. permittingB. to permitC. permittedD. permit8. It rained heavily in the south, _ serious blooding in several provinces.A. causedB. having causedC. causingD. to cause9. The lecture, _ at 7:00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with tele
17、scopes.A. startingB. being startedC. to startD. to be started10. The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog _ them.A. to followB. followingC. followedD. followsKeys：1-10 CBDDB AACAB巩固提高一， 完成句子。1. 我不知道你看没看过90年代很有名的一部电视剧叫浪漫满屋。I dont know if you _ _ _ the television pr
18、ogram “Full House” from the 90s.2. 我注意到他了，因为他盯着我看。I noticed him because he _ _ me.3. 他匆忙赶到机场给朋友送行。He hurried to the airport to _ his friend _.4. 两队之间的决赛，不论结果如何，总是精彩的。The final between the teams, _ the result, is _.5. 越来越多的人买汽车，因为他们认为汽车比自行车快。_ _ _ people buy cars because they think cars are faster th
19、an bicycles.Keys：一， 1. are familiar with2. stared at3. see, off4. whatever, splendid 5. More and more 一，单项选择。1. As _ birthplace of Huaxia civilization, Xian is _ city with a long history and abundant cultural relics.A. the, aB. a, aC. /; aD. the, /2. （2019北京房山高三二模）My goodness! Why are you black and
20、blue all over.Well, I fell over many times while _ to skate yesterday.A. to learnB. learningC. learnedD. having learned 3. （2019北京通州高三二模）Remember the first time we met?Of course I do. You _ in the library.A. ReadB. had readC. have readD. were reading 4. （2019北京通州高三一模）This is the only way _ the overu
21、se of water in students bathrooms.A. reducingB. reduceC. reducedD. to reduce 5. （2019北京丰台高三二模）Mo Yan grew up _ folk tales that had been told for centuries in his hometown.A. listening toB. listened toC. listen toD. to listen to6. watching the clowns _ pose, the audience present burst out _.A. amused
22、, laughingB. unexpected, laughing C. unexpecting, laughterD. amusing, laughter7. So absorbed _ in the experiment that he didnt even notice it was already over 12 oclock.A. did heB. he didC. was heD. he was8. The next thing he saw was smoke _ from behind the house.A. roseB. risingC. to riseD. risen 9
23、. How do you find the film you saw last night?_ I cant think too highly of it.A. It makes no senseB. It all depends C. Its just so-soD. Its really splendid10. Hearing a scream, I rushed downstairs only to see my hostess _ on the floor.A. lain unconsciousB. lying unconsciousC. laid unconsciouslyD. ly
24、ing unconsciously11. Why dont you wear your jogging shorts, Mum?Well, my legs are too skinny, if you _ know.A. shouldB. canC. needD. must 12. Put these glasses away before they _.OK, Ill put them in the cupboard.A. have brokenB. are breakingC. get brokenD. will be broken13. Mr. Smith is a teacher wi
25、th rich teaching experience, from _ much can be learned.A. whomB. whichC. whereD. that14. _ what I had originally thought, the trip turned out to be fun.A. Instead ofB. In spite ofC. Contrary toD. Because of 15. _ the working efficiency, the boss allows the employees to have a coffee break.A. Improv
26、ingB. To improveC. Having improved D. Improved Keys:一，1-15 ABDDA BCBDB DCACB_一， 完型填空。Mr. Black lived in a city and he had a few shops there. His wife often 1 him when he was poor. So he loved her very much. One 2 morning the woman 3 her car on an icy road and it fell into a river and she 4 in the ac
27、cident. He was very 5 and always felt alone. His friends advised him to 6 two weeks in a small town 7 was by a forest and had much 8 in it. He agreed with them and went there by himself. But there he often cherished the memory of (怀念) his late wife.One afternoon he was walking in the town while he s
28、aw an old man 9 some parrots. He stopped to look at them and the old man asked him to buy one. He 10 the most beautiful parrot and asked, “Can it speak ?”“Yes, sir ,” answered the old man.“How much does it 11 ?”“Forty pounds.”“Its too 12 ,” said Mr. Black. “Is it 13 forty pounds ?”The old man said 1
29、4 and turned to the bird and repeated the question, “Are you worth forty pounds, dear ?”“Certainly,” the bird answered 15 .Mr. Black loved it at once and bought it, When he got home, he wanted to 16 it more, but it couldnt learn anything 17 “Certainly”.One morning he 18 the bird say “Certainly” agai
30、n, he became angry and 19 , “Only a fool (傻瓜) spent forty pounds on such a stupid (愚蠢的) bird !”“Certainly .” answered the parrot.Mr. Black began to 20 and set it free.1. A. savedB. sawC. helped D. protected2. A. rainyB. snowyC. windy D. cloudy3. A. mendedB. repairedC. washed D. drove4. A. hurtB. ill
31、C. died D. disabled5. A. sadB. luckyC. unhappy D. pleased6. A. takeB. spendC. have D. own7. A. whichB. who C. where D. /8. A. treesB. birds C. flowers D. wildlife 9. A. sellingB. catching C. feeding D. showing10. A. boughtB. touched C. pointed to D. looked after11. A. flyB. cost C. pay D. give 12. A
32、. cheapB. expensive C. nice D. bad 13. A. worthB. cost C. worthy D. take14. A. everythingB. something C. anything D. nothing15. A. clearlyB. carefully C. angrily D. recently16. A. ask B. tell C. teach D. think 17. A. without B. but C. except D. besides18. A. saw B. heard C. watched D. listened to 19
33、. A. smiled B. jumped C. replied D. shouted20. A. control B. escape C. laugh D. believe二，写作。当前，“酒后驾车”(drinking and driving) 成了人们热议的话题。请你根据以下提示就“酒后驾车谈谈个人看法：1. “酒后驾车”的危害。如：引发交通事故，造成交通堵塞，构成生命危险，造成财产损失等。2. 你的建议。注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 开头已写好，不计入总词数。Nowadays, drinking and driving is becoming a heated topic among
34、 people in China. Here, Id like to air my views about it._Keys: 一，1-20 CBDCA BADAC BBADA ACBDC二，As it known to us all, drinking and driving is a sort of terrible behavior that will threaten the safety of people, including the driver himself. Many of the traffic accidents caused by drinking and drivi
35、ng have brought about traffic jams, injures and even death, Besides , a great deal of money has to be spent treating the injured and repairing the broken cars, which means a waste of money.I strongly suggest effective measures be taken before thing get worse. Laws and regulations should be strengthened to punish those performing drinking and driving. Meanwhile, the public, especially drivers, should be more aware of public safety. I hope by doing so, drinking and driving can be things of past.
