1、Unit 6 Design 语法篇 _1、介词的种类及常用介词。2、常见介词短语及易混淆介词的用法辨析。介词和介词短语介词(preposition)又叫前置词，通常至于名词之前。它是一种虚词，不需要重读，在句中不单独作任何句子成分，只表示其后的名词或相当于名词的词语与其他句子成分的关系。介词的用法比较灵活，搭配比较复杂。近几年高考常考介词的词义辨析，介词与名词的搭配，介词与动词的搭配及习惯表达中的介词。一， 介词的种类英语中最常用的介词可分为以下几类：1. 简单介词。如：through, towards, at, in, of, by, about, for, from, except, si
2、nce, near, with, above, across, after, against, among, around等。2. 复合介词。如：within, inside, outside, onto, into, throughout, without, as to等。3. 介词短语。如：in front of, by means of, on behalf of, in spite of, by way of, in favor of, in regard to, according to, because of, on account of等。4. 双重介词。如：from among
3、, from inside, from behind, from under, till after等。5. 由分词变来的介词。如：including, considering, concerning, following等。二， 常用介词1. at主要表示方向，场所，时间的某一点。如：at the corner of the street, at dinner, at six miles an hour, point at等。表示动作，感情的原因，意思是“因而；一听到（看到，想到）就”。At the boys remark, the bookseller looked at him curi
4、ously. 听到男孩的话，卖书人好奇的看着他。固定搭配：at daybreak, at one time, at the beginning of, at the post office, at the airport, at dawn, at the weekend, at the age of, at the same time, at birth, at present, at any time, at a time等。2. on表示在上面，根据，有关或涉及的方面，某天。on the day, on Sunday, on your birthday等。一般带有宗教色彩的节日名词前面用a
5、t， 如圣诞节at Christmas, 复活节at Easter等。on+名词，动名词结构可表示“一就”。On arriving home, I discovered they had gone. 我一到家就发现他们已经离开了。固定搭配：on doing sth., on the afternoon of October 1, on Tuesday evening, on foot, hit sb. on the head, on the left/right等。3. to主要表示方向，程度，结果，关系和位置。a move to the left, from first to last等。与
6、情感名词连用，表示“某种行动后产生的感觉”。to ones surprise/joy/astonishment/delight/annoyance/shame等。固定搭配：key to, come up to, add up to, be open to, to the point, thanks to, suitto, refer to, dance to, object to等。4. with和，带有。with their family, a man with a suitcase. 表示方式，伴随，原因等。with time passing, with her eyes closed,
7、with fear固定搭配：with your nose in the air, with pride等。5. by表示时间，程度，数量，方式等。by ten oclock, by three inches, by ship, by the pound表示“按照”或“根据”的意思。By my watch, the time is half past eleven. 按我的表，现在是十一点半。固定搭配：by oneself, by chance, by hand, by then等。6. of表示部分与全体的关系，所有关系，来源和所用的材料。a friend of mine, a wall of
8、 stone与抽象名词连用，表示的意义相当于对应的形容词。of + great/much + 抽象名词 = very + 形容词；of + no + 抽象名词 = not+形容词。a great of, of no use等。It is of great/much value. = It is very valuable.固定搭配：rob sb. of sth., be fond of, make fun of等。三， 介词短语1. 介词短语的构成介词+名词/代词，如：The headmaster lives near the school. 校长住在学校附近。介词+动名词短语或其复合结构，如
9、：He is interested in swimming. 他对游泳感兴趣。介词+从句，如：We are discussing about how to study English well. 我们在讨论怎样学好英语。2. 介词短语在句中的成分作主语/表语/宾语，如：The dog came out from behind the tree. 狗从树后出来。作定语/补语/状语，如：She is a woman of strong character. 她是位性格坚强的女人。四， 易混介词的用法辨析1. on, at与in的区别三个介词如果指时间概念，on可以用在具体的某一天的前面，at用在具
10、体的时刻前面，in用在时间段的前面。2. besides与except的区别besides表示“除外（还有）”；except表示“（只有）除外”；except for“除了”，表示排除的部分与前面内容是不同类别的。except that后跟从句。We enjoyed the party for the loud music. 除了音乐嘈杂了点，我们在聚会上玩的很开心。There are three more visitors besides me. 除了我之外，还有三位游客。3. in, to与on的区别表示在某范围之内用in，表示在某范围之外用to，表示“相邻，接壤”时用on.4. acro
11、ss, through, past, over与along的区别across指从一个平面上“横穿”或“在对面”。through指从人群或物体内部穿过，或抽象意义上的通过。past表示“从旁边经过”。over指从物体的上方“横越”或“跨越”。along表示“沿着”线，道路，小道等前行。5. for与of表示不定式复合结构的逻辑主语It is + adj. + of sb. to do sth. = Sb. + be + adj. + to do sth.当形容词说明不定式逻辑主语的性质，特征时，用of。常见的形容词有：kind, good, nice, clever, stupid, fooli
12、sh, considerate, polite, impolite, cruel等。Its kind of the teachers to help support the poor students. 资助那些贫困生的老师们真善良。It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth.当形容词说明不定式的性质时，用for。常见的形容词有：important, necessary, possible, impossible等。It is quite important for us to protect our environment. 对我们来说，保护环境很重要。6， about
13、, on, of关于on多用于慎重的，正式的语言交际场合。常见于学术上的“论文”或“演说”等题目。about表示内容多为普遍的，不那么正式的。of作“关于”讲，表示提及，涉及某人（事），常与动词know, hear, learn, speak, talk, think, tell等连用。五， 常见介词短语1. according to 根据，按照2. as a result of 由于，作为的结果3. as far as 就而论4. at the mercy of 任由摆布5. at the sight of 看到6. by means of 用，依靠，借助于7. by way of 途径8.
14、 because of 因为，由于9. due to 由于10. in addition to 除了之外（还）11. in case of 如果，假设12. in celebration of 为庆祝13. in need of 需要14. in search of 寻求，试图发现15. in place of 代替16. in charge of 主管，掌管17. in spite of 尽管18. in time of 在时刻19. in a state of 处于状况中20. in favor of 赞同21. in honor of 向表示敬意22. instead of 代替23.
15、in memory of 为纪念24. in relation to 关于，涉及25. on account of 因为，由于26. owing to 因为27. thanks to 多亏28. under the name of 以的名义29. under the control of 在的支配下30. within the reach of 在力所能及的范围内例1. It was a real race _ time to get project done. Luckily, we made it.A. overB. byC. for D. against 例 2. I have an a
16、ppointment _ Dr. Smith, but I need to change it. A. toB. off C. withD. from 例3. You can change your job, you can move house, but friendship is meant to be _life.A. ofB. onC. toD. for例4. Nothing is so easy as _ parent to raise their exception of their children too high.A. ofB. toC. byD. for例5. （2019北
17、京朝阳高三二模）It was cold outside but the door wouldnt stay shut, so I put a chair _ it.A. against B. aboveC. behindD. near基础演练一，介词填空。1. He asked me whether the story was based _ a real person.2. The Beckhams travelled _ China last year.3. These modern cars are used all _ the world.4. Where are good potat
18、oes grown?Good potatoes are grown _ North China.5. Whats this bottle made _?Its made _ China, China started to be made in China. 6. We are busy preparing _ the exam.7. A new bridge was built _ the river.8. He came into the classroom _ a book _ his hand.9. There is a lamp _ the desk.10. Autumn is the
19、 best season _ the tear in Beijing.巩固提高一， 单句改错。1. The river flows across London._.2. She lives to her parents. _.3. I sat down in John and Diana._.4. Taiwan is on the east of Fujian._.5. My father began to work for a bus driver when he was twenty years old. _.一， 选词填空。1. My brother often thought of h
20、is friends who had helped him _(on/since/through) the tough time.2. _(As/Since/With) sales of cars up by 30 last year, the traffic in Beijing has become increasingly terrible.3. Im going to have lunch. Do you mind talking about your plan _(after/before/over) lunch?Not at all, Ill wait here in the of
21、fice.4. She often smokes with no thought _(for/to/at) other people around her.5. She looked _(for/at/in) her handbag, but her keys were not here.6. One doesnt have to look far to realize the direct connection _(with/to/between) smoking and cancer.7. John became a football coach in Sealion Middle Sch
22、ool _(on/with/at) the beginning of 8. The Smiths are praised _(from/by/at/for) the way they bring up their children.9. The Boston Marathon bombings killed 3 people, including a Chinese citizen _(in, from, across, to) Shenyang.March.二，用in, on, at填空。1. He got married _ the age of 25.2. He left here _
23、the afternoon on May 5.3. We watch TV _ the evening.三，用across, over, through填空。1. 过马路时要左右看。Look k left and right before you go _ the street.2. 他穿过大厅。He passed _ the hall.3. 她翻过墙去。She climbed _ the wall._一，单项选择。1. Bruce had failed twice, but on _ second thought, he determined to try _ third time.A. /
24、,a B. /,/C. the, /D. the, a2. Tom stepped inside the door with his eyes _ upon Kate; there was _ in his eyes that she could not read and his hands _.A. fixed, an expression, trembledB. fixed, expression, tremblingC. fixing, an expression, tremblingD. fixing, expression, trembled3. He will come to un
25、derstand your efforts sooner or later. Its just a matter of _.A. luckB. valueC. timeD. fact4. An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are _ it.A. againstB. forC. toD. with5. He forbade his children from eating sweets because he didnt want their teeth to _.A.
26、 ruin B. be ruinedC. breakD. be broken6. The _ of this new technology is to make life easier, not to make it more difficult.A. title B. purposeC. systemD. feature7. Sorry, I dont understand what you said just now. Can you explain _?A. in particularB. in detailC. in returnD. in general8. The lecture,
27、 _ at 7:00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.A. startingB. being startedC. to startD. to be started9. During his lifetime, he developed the tradition of _ poetry _ painting.A. connecting, toB. relating, toC. combining, withD. putting, in10. Susan wanted to be
28、independent of her parents. She tired _ alone, but she didnt like it and movedback home.A. livingB. to liveC. to be livingD. having lived11. What the teacher said _ his illusion completely.A. damagedB. destroyedC. ruinedD. broke12. （北京西城高三第一学期期末）There are 12 lamps hanging _ the ceiling in the restau
29、rant.A. onB. inC. from D. around13. （北京东城高三第一学期期末）Most online classes let students learn _ their own pace.A. atB. toC. fromD. by14. （北京石景山高三第一学期期末）The unemployment rate has decreased _ 2 to 5.4, compared with 7.4 last year.A. byB. fromC. withD. on15. （北京顺义高三第一学期期末）May I speak to Mr James Miller?James Miller? There is no one here _ that name.A. byB. ofC. withD. in二，写作。假设你是新华中学的学生李华，不久前在学校举办的英语竞赛中获得一等奖。校报请你写一篇稿件刊登在英文版面上，介绍你课外学习英语的经验。请根据以下提示用英语写一篇短文：1. 参加英语角的益处2. 坚持写英语日记的作用3. 英语阅读网站（Enjoy Reading）对你的帮助。注意：1. 词数：120-150 2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。_
