1、2022-2023学年北京市新高三入学定位考试英语本试卷共12页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。John Oens was an enthusiastic hunter and enjoyed being in the woods. Once into the Wisconsin wilderness in November, hi
2、s team encountered something unbelievable when he checked the _1_.Instead of a coyote, he saw a huge timber wolf, which is on the endangered species list, trying to get free. John realized he couldnt _2_ this wolf, since the animal might die of exposure. However, he had to put his _3_ on the line to
3、 free the creature. His heart was pounding while he prepared.His dad ran to the truck to get a gun as a precaution and some plywood(夹板). _4_, they could figure it out without the gun.A little time had passed since they found the wolf, but it seemed like an eternity(永恒) to John. When his dad returned
4、, John put the plan in motion. He _5_ the plywood, using it as his shield(盾牌). While all that happened, his friend filmed everything. His dad was also available to fire the gun if the wolf decided to attack. They were prepared but _6_!John _7_ closer and closer all the while. His dad was a reassurin
5、g sight for him. John looked at his friend for moral support, _8_ that now was when the action started.Finally, John freed the wolfs paw from the trap. It took one moment for it to spin and fly away. The three men were happy because the wolf was free, and John was still safe.When they viewed the vid
6、eo to see it all _9_ later, they noticed the wolf look at John for a brief moment before running back to the woods. Was it his way of showing appreciation? Anyhow, John made the best _10_!1. A. trapsB. plansC. routesD. numbers2. A. freeB. helpC. missD. abandon3. A. handsB. lifeC. mindD. hope4. A. Ho
7、pefullyB. ExcitedlyC. FinallyD. Causally5. A. took overB. set downC. picked upD. gave away6. A. determinedB. interestedC. scaredD. disappointed7. A. checkedB. inchedC. rushedD. rolled8. A. signalingB. guessingC. rememberingD. deciding9 A. developB. unfoldC. endD. record10. A. challengeB. preparation
8、C. choiceD. discovery【答案】1. A 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. C 7. B 8. D 9. B 10. C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述约翰欧恩斯在威斯康星州的荒野外救助一只掉入陷阱里大灰狼。【1题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：去年11月，他的团队进入威斯康星州的荒野，在检查陷阱时遇到了难以置信的事情。A. traps陷阱；B. plans计划；C. routes路线；D. numbers数字。根据文章倒数第二段“Finally, John freed the wolfs paw from the trap.”可知，约翰欧恩斯和他的团
9、队检查陷阱时发现了大灰狼。故选A。【2题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：约翰意识到他不能抛弃这只狼，因为它可能会冻死。A. free释放；B. help帮助；C. miss错过；D. abandon抛弃。根据“since the animal might die of exposure.”可知，为了不让狼冻死，所以约翰决定不抛弃这只狼。故选D。【3题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，他不得不冒着生命危险去解救它。A. hands手；B. life生命；C. mind想法；D. hope希望。put ones life on the line冒着生命危险。根据第四段“His dad was al
10、so available to fire the gun if the wolf decided to attack.”可知，约翰冒着生命危险去解救掉到陷阱里的狼。故选B。【4题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：希望他们不用枪也能把它救出来。A. Hopefully怀着希望地；B. Excitedly激动地；C. Finally最终；D. Causally有原因地。根据“His dad ran to the truck to get a gun as a precaution and some plywood(夹板).”可知，他们希望不用枪也能把狼救出来。故选A。【5题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。
11、句意：他捡起夹板，把它当作盾牌。A. took over接受；B. set down写下；C. picked up捡起；D. gave away赠送。根据“His dad ran to the truck to get a gun as a precaution and some plywood(夹板).”和“using it as his shield(盾牌).”可知，约翰捡起夹板当作盾牌，以防狼的攻击。故选C。【6题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们准备好了，但是很害怕! A. determined坚定的；B. interested有趣的；C. scared害怕的；D. disappoi
12、nted失望的。根据“They were prepared”和转折词but可知，虽然准备好了，但仍然很害怕。故选C。【7题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，约翰慢慢地越靠越近。A. checked检查；B. inched慢慢移动；C. rushed猛冲；D. rolled滚动。根据“closer and closer all the while”可知，约翰慢慢移动去靠近狼。故选B。【8题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：约翰看着他的朋友寻求精神上的支持，决定现在是行动开始的时候了。A. signaling表示；B. guessing猜；C. remembering记得；D. deciding
13、决定。根据“John looked at his friend for moral support,”可知，有了朋友的支持，约翰决定开始营救狼了。故选D。【9题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他们随后观看视频时，他们注意到这只狼看了约翰一会儿，然后跑回了树林。A. develop发展；B. unfold打开；C. end结束；D. record记录。根据第四段“While all that happened, his friend filmed everything.”可知，因为朋友全程录制了视频，所以营救过狼之后他们打开所录制的视频。故选B。【10题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：无论如何，约
14、翰做了最好的选择! A. challenge挑战；B. preparation准备；C. choice选择；D. discovery发现。根据“When they viewed the video to see it all _9_ later, they noticed the wolf look at John for a brief moment before running back to the woods. Was it his way of showing appreciation?”可知，约翰成功地营救出狼，做出了最好的选择。故选C。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分
15、）A阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Japanese adventurer Kenichi Horie at 83 just became the oldest person in the world to complete a solo, nonstop voyage across the Pacific Ocean. Horie _11_（return）home early last Saturday, completing his trans-Pacific solo voyage in 69 d
16、ays. As he approached the harbor, Horie, standing in his boat, took off his white cap, and bowed _12_（deep）. “Thank you for waiting! ” said Horie, _13_ appeared tanned（晒黑的）and with his white hair longer than usual. But he said he was ready for more and would keep up his work to be a late bloomer.【答案
17、】11. returned 12. deeply 13. who【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了日本八旬老人Horie独驾帆船横渡太平洋。【11题详解】考查时态。句意：Horie于上周六凌晨回国，用69天的时间完成了他的跨太平洋航行。根据时间状语last Saturday可知，陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。故填returned。【12题详解】考查副词。句意：当他接近港口时，Horie站在他的船上，脱下他的白色帽子，深深地鞠了一躬。修饰动词bowed，用副词形式，表示程度深。故填deeply。【13题详解】考查定语从句。句意：“让你久等了!” Horie说，他看上去皮肤黝黑，白发
18、比平时更长。本句为非限定性定语从句，句中先行词为Horie，指人，在非限定性定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词who引导。故填who。B阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Environmental conditions make the Galapagos a unique island ecosystem. _14_ the Galapagos Islands are located near the equator, they receive cool ocean currents, which mak
19、es for a strange type of tropical and temperate climate. For most of their history, the islands have been extremely isolated. This _15_(combine) of factors created a laboratory for the evolution (演变) of an unusual mix of plant and animal species. Scientists _16_ (study) this complex ecosystem for mo
20、re than 180 years. British naturalist Charles Darwin may be the most influential scientist to have visited the Galapagos Islands.【答案】14. Although#Though#While 15. combination 16. have studied#have been studying【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了环境条件使加拉帕戈斯群岛成为一个独特的岛屿生态系统。【14题详解】考查连词。句意：虽然加拉帕戈斯群岛位于赤道附近，但它们受到凉爽的洋
21、流影响，形成了一种奇怪的热带和温带气候。前后句之间为转折关系，所以用转折连词although/though/while。位于句首，首字母大写。故填Although/Though/While。【15题详解】考查名词。句意：这些因素的结合为一种不同寻常的植物和动物物种的进化创造了一个实验室。The/This +名词+of，名词在句中作主语。故填combination。【16题详解】考查时态。句意：180多年来，科学家们（已经研究）一直在研究这个复杂的生态系统。根据时间状语for more than 180 years可知，表示动作从过去开始，现在已经完成或仍在进行，用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。故
22、填have studied/have been studying。C阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Web development and AI have been working interdependently _17_ a while now. But to think that AI would take over web development, the idea seems quite unbelievable. AI tools have major shortcomings that k
23、eep them from independently designing and developing websites. It only services as a catalyst (催化剂)for the web development industry _18_(save)time and physical labor when developing websites, because these tools can never measure up to the capabilities that a human _19_(have). Therefore, instead of
24、seeing AI as a threat, businesses should view AI as an empowering tool that can aid in everyday tasks _20_(require)time and effort.【答案】17. for 18. to save 19. has 20. requiring【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了人工智能对未来网络发展是问题还是机遇。17题详解】考查介词。句意：网络开发和AI相互依存已经有一段时间了。for a while暂时；一会儿。故填for。【18题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：它只是网络
25、开发行业在开发网站时节省时间和体力劳动的催化剂，因为这些工具永远无法达到人类拥有的能力。结合句子结构和句意，表目的应用不定式。故填to save。【19题详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：它只是网络开发行业在开发网站时节省时间和体力劳动的催化剂，因为这些工具永远无法达到人类拥有的能力。空处为定语从句的谓语动词，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。主语为a human，谓语动词用has。故填has。【20题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：因此，企业不应将人工智能视为威胁，而应将人工智能视为一种授权工具，可以在需要时间和精力的日常任务中提供帮助。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。名词everyday ta
26、sks 与require之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填requiring。第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AWhat it Takes to Go from Hobbyist to Full-time PhotographerTaking your photography hobby to a place where you actually make a good living takes a lot of work. But if you
27、do it the right way, you will have a FUN, life-changing and exciting ride!1. You have PASSIONYou LOVE photography so much that its ALL you think about. Your camera is your baby and the only thing you want for Christmas is a new lens!2. You are WILLING to do the workYou are willing to put a minimum o
28、f 10-15 hours a week into learning, creating, and building your business.You can build your business while you still keep your day job.3. You LOVE to learn new thingsAs the owner of a photography business, you need to master a lot more than the camera. You must be willing to learn how to design your
29、 blog, run a Facebook page, connect with clients and so much more-its an entire business and lifestyle to embrace and enjoy.4. You know your strengthsOne of the keys to success in the photography industry is to choose a niche, a passion that you combine with photography.If you love dogs, for example
30、, and know everything about them, you might want to consider specializing in dog portraits. If you are the master of cake baking and love decorating cakes, you might want to consider specializing in photographing pastry. The possibilities are endless!5. Build relationships with clients AND like-mind
31、ed photographersIf you truly want to grow your business, take your time to connect with people. Show your support, write comments, cheer, be positive and say THANK YOU when people care about you and take their time to like your work. Be nice and give people a reason to care.6. Walk through your FEAR
32、SThe true goal is to ACT, despite the fear you are feeling. Ninety-percent of the time, fear is just thoughts running through your mind, and has nothing to do with reality.YOU deserve the best of the best. Now go for it!21. If you truly want to grow your business, you are supposed to _.A. seek suppo
33、rt from people aroundB. form positive connections with peopleC. give some good reasons for your workD. care more about your clients new work22. Which is necessary to build photography business according to the passage?A. Spend your major time taking photos.B. Make photography your full-time job.C. T
34、ry to make full use of your advantages.D. Get a lesson from your fearful experience.23. What is the purpose of this passage?A. To provide information for business starters.B. To analyze the advantages of photographing.C. To show the basic qualities of a photographer.D. To encourage people to take up
35、 photographing.【答案】21. B 22. C 23. D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何从业余爱好者到全职摄影师。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据5. Build relationships with clients AND like-minded photographers中的“If you truly want to grow your business, take your time to connect with people. (如果你真的想发展自己的事业，那就花点时间与人交流。)”可知，如果你真的想发展你的事业，你应该与人们建立积极的联系。故选B。
36、【22题详解】细节理解题。根据4. You know your strengths中的“One of the keys to success in the photography industry is to choose a niche, a passion that you combine with photography. (在摄影行业成功的关键之一是选择一个利基，将你的激情与摄影相结合。)”和“If you love dogs, for example, and know everything about them, you might want to consider special
37、izing in dog portraits. If you are the master of cake baking and love decorating cakes, you might want to consider specializing in photographing pastry. The possibilities are endless!(例如，如果你喜欢狗，并了解它们的一切，你可能会考虑专攻狗的肖像。如果你是蛋糕烘焙大师，喜欢装饰蛋糕，你可能想考虑专门拍摄糕点。可能性是无限的!)”可知，建立摄影业务的必要条件是尽量充分利用你的优势。故选C。【23题详解】推理判断题。
38、根据第一段“Taking your photography hobby to a place where you actually make a good living takes a lot of work. (把你的摄影爱好带到一个能让你真正过上好日子的地方需要很多工作。)”和最后一段“Now go for it!(现在开始吧!)”及全文可推断，本文的目的是鼓励人们开始摄影。故选D。BOne day this early summer, Richard Browning headed to his farmyard in the English countryside. He attach
39、ed a kerosene-fueled micro gas turbine(燃气涡轮)-effectively a small version of a plane engine-to each of his arms and legs. Then he carefully pressed the trigger in his right hand.For months Browning had been working on this secret project. Now the moment of truth had arrived. In the modest surrounding
40、s of the UK countryside, “Wiltshires Iron Man” took to the sky. Sort of.Brownings first lift-off was short and clumsy. For a few seconds, he hovered(盘旋) half a metre off the ground, landing with an uncontrolled stop as clouds of dust blew up around him. But it was, unmistakably, flight. “That was th
41、e very first moment we properly proved this would work,” he says. “That was it.”Two and a half years ago, 38-year-old Browning decided he wanted to fly. Human-powered flight was, he knew, “a very strange field”. Nonetheless, it fascinated him. He tried gliding with wings and electric fan motors, wor
42、king weekends and evenings. Then he had an inspiration-what if he fastened a jet engine to his body and built a real-life version of Tony Starks iconic suit?Nine months since his first test flight and Brownings intuition has paid off. His suit is a light exoskeleton attached to six gas turbines with
43、 a combined thrust(推力) of 130 kilograms. His feet are covered by ultra-light snake-bite resistant walking boots imported from the US. And his flights, from a few seconds, now last as long as twelve minutes.The suit can travel at a speed of up to 450 kilometres an hour, although Browning hasnt tested
44、 it to anywhere near full capacity. It is constantly improving. Working with a company that had created augmented reality(增强现实) swimming goggles, Browning has developed a holographic lens “genuinely like a heads-up display fighter system”. With this in place, hell be able to monitor his fuel levels.
45、 Hes full of plans for future enhancements: automated balancing systems; 3D-printed arm mounts; flexible LCD screens “so it will go invisible at the touch of a button”.Browning says the suit, which he calls Daedalus after the legendary Greek inventor, is stable and simple to control. But it is an au
46、gmentation of human ability, not a personal helicopter.“To me, that makes a lot of sense of where Ive gone with my career and my life”, says Browning. Fulfilling an ancient dream: a fragile human body, rising slowly into the air.24. What did Browning do in his first lift-off?A. He glided with wings.
47、B. He wore Tony Starks suit.C. He met technical problems.D. He made an awkward landing.25. What can we know about Brownings suit?A. It contains six micro gas turbines.B. It is attached to electric fan motors.C. It is ultra-light snake-bite resistant.D. It has automated balancing systems.26. Accordin
48、g to the passage which words can best describe Richard Browning?A. Curious and generous.B. Passionate and creative.C. Cooperative and honest.D. Ambitious and faithful.【答案】24. D 25. A 26. B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。介绍了布朗宁不断努力，终于研发成功小型飞行器的全部过程。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据文章的第三段“Brownings first lift-off was short and clumsy
49、. For a few seconds, he hovered half a metre off the ground, landing with an uncontrolled stop as clouds of dust blew up around him.(布朗宁的第一次升空是短暂而笨拙的。他在离地面半米高的地方盘旋了几秒钟，不受控制地停了下来，周围扬起了一团团灰尘)”可知，布朗宁的第一次飞行的着陆时不受控制，非常笨拙。即他的着陆很尴尬。故选D。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第五段“His suit is a light exoskeleton attached to six ga
50、s turbines with a combined thrust of 130 kilograms(他的衣服是一种轻型外骨骼，连接在6个燃气涡轮机上，总推力为130公斤)”可知，他的衣服搭载了六个燃气涡轮机。故选A。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第六段“The suit can travel at a speed of up to 450 kilometres an hour, although Browning hasnt tested it to anywhere near full capacity. It is constantly improving.( 这款宇航服可以以每小时
51、450公里的速度飞行，尽管布朗宁还没有对它进行过接近全容量的测试。它在不断改进)”以及文章倒数第二段“Browning says the suit, which he calls Daedalus after the legendary Greek inventor, is stable and simple to control(布朗宁称这种以希腊传奇发明家代达罗斯命名的宇航服稳定且易于控制)”可知，布朗宁研发了新型的飞行器并且不厌其烦地对其修改。由此推知，他是一个充满激情并且富有创造力的人。故选B。CExtraverts(外向型的人) are hugely sociablethey rea
52、lly care about their relationships, and possess outstanding social skills. Well, thats how extraverts are generally described. But, according to new work, thats not exactly how other people see them. In a series of studies reported in Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, Francis J. Flynn at S
53、tanford University, US and colleagues consistently found that more extraverted people are considered to be poorer listeners. Their research also reveals a likely reason why.There is no academic agreement on what constitutes “good” listening. But, in line with some other researchers, the team concept
54、ualises it as involving emotion-related processes, cognitive processes and also behavioural processes. In everyday life, its not necessarily easy to ascertain whether the person were talking to is really listening, however. They might be making plenty of eye contact, for example, but its always poss
55、ible that theyre just pretending to be listening well. In this research, the team focused on only the participants perceptions of others listening skills.In an earlier study, 147 first-year business students, who met weekly in groups of six to work on leadership skills, rated the listening skills of
56、 everyone else in their group. The participants then completed a scale that assessed their own extraversion. The team found that those with higher self-reported extraversion got poorer marks for listening.However, in this study, peoples perceptions could have been influenced by the actual social rel
57、ationships they had with other members of their group. So in almost all of the subsequent studies, fresh groups of participants rated the listening skills of fictional people who were described as falling at various points on the intraversion-extraversion spectrum (范围). Results from these studies su
58、pported the previous finding. Time and again, extraverted people were rated as being poorer listeners in social situations. As the team writes: “That is, despite the tendency for people to see extraverts as highly sociable, they tend to see this sociability as highly one-sided.”An online study of 33
59、7 US-based adults suggested why this might be. Fictional people who were described as highly extraverted were also perceived to be better at controlling and modifying how they come across to others. “To observers, this signal of malleable self-presentation suggests that extraverts are more intereste
60、d in looking the part than attending to what others have to say,” the team writes.It would be really interesting, though, to see work on the real-world implications of this particular belief. “For example, listening has been identified as the key to successful sales,” the team notesso perhaps it wou
61、ld be wise for highly extraverted sales people to try to modify their behaviour with clients.A vast amount of research has been done on extraversion itself. “Our findings contribute to the study of extraversion by examining how people think about extraversion,” the researchers write. And for underst
62、anding conversations and relationships, which of course are two-way, thats clearly important, too.27. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?A. Some reasons for poor listening ability.B. The participants perception of listening.C. A common understanding of good listening.D. Some practical skills in improv
63、ing listening.28. What can we learn from the passage?A. Being extraverted might be an unpleasant personality.B. Some people are afraid to assess their group members.C. Fictional people decrease the reliability of the research.D. Actual social relationship determines the scores of rating.29. What doe
64、s the underlined word “malleable” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?A. Smart.B. Flexible.C. Consistent.D. Stable.30. What message does the author probably convey to extroverted people?A. It is wise to listen more when communicating.B. Focusing on peoples eyes makes a good speaker.C. Rating oneself honest
65、ly helps one in social situations.D. It is necessary to change ones self-presentation style.【答案】27. C 28. A 29. B 30. A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究发现越外向的人越不善于倾听。【27题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段的主要内容，结合“There is no academic agreement on what constitutes “good” listening. But, in line with some other researchers, the
66、 team conceptualises it as involving emotion-related processes, cognitive processes and also behavioural processes. (对于什么是“好的”倾听，学术界还没有达成一致。但是，与其他一些研究人员一致，该团队将其概念化，包括与情绪相关的过程、认知过程和行为过程)”可知，本段主要介绍善于倾听的共同理解。故选C。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“The team found that those with higher self-reported extraversion got poo
67、rer marks for listening. (研究小组发现，那些自我报告外向性较高的人在倾听方面得分较低)”和第四段“However, in this study, peoples perceptions could have been influenced by the actual social relationships they had with other members of their group. So in almost all of the subsequent studies, fresh groups of participants rated the liste
68、ning skills of fictional people who were described as falling at various points on the intraversion-extraversion spectrum(范围). Results from these studies supported the previous finding. Time and again, extraverted people were rated as being poorer listeners in social situations (然而，在这项研究中，人们的看法可能会受到
69、他们与团队其他成员的实际社会关系的影响。因此，在随后的几乎所有研究中，新加入的一组参与者都对虚构人物的听力能力进行了评分，这些虚构人物被描述为内向型和外向型的不同类型。这些研究的结果支持了之前的发现。一次又一次地，外向的人被认为是社交场合中糟糕的倾听者)”可推断，外向可能是一种不讨人喜欢的性格。故选A。【29题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词后半句“extraverts are more interested in looking the part than attending to what others have to say, the team writes. (外向者更感兴趣的是看起来像个
70、参与者，而不是关注别人说什么)”可知，外向者具有易改变的自我表现。所以malleable为“易改变的，灵活的”之意，故选B。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据全文可知，文章主要介绍越外向的人越不善于倾听，并结合倒数第二段的“For example, listening has been identified as the key to successful sales,” the team notesso perhaps it would be wise for highly extraverted sales people to try to modify their behaviour wit
71、h clients.(“例如，倾听已被确定为成功销售的关键，”该团队指出，因此，高度外向的销售人员尝试改变他们与客户的行为可能是明智的)”推断，作者可能向外向的人传达了交流时多听是明智的信息。故选A。DOutdoor lighting in general poses a deadly threat to insects. Thats according to a study published online in November 2019 in the journal Biological Conservation, entitled “Light Pollution Is a Drive
72、r of Insect Declines”.The article notes that sudden drops in insect numbers around the world have happened over the past couple of decades in what amounts to an insect destruction. The blame is usually assigned to “habitat loss, chemical pollution, invasive species, and climate change”. But the auth
73、ors argue that the forces of lightness have not gotten their due.A longtime preference among ecologists for studying daytime phenomena, and a preference for sleeping at night has led insect conservationists to overlook another widespread habitat disturbance, pollutant, and method of insect control:
74、artificial light at night(ALAN).ALANs influence occurs through its interference with the development, movement, foraging, and reproductive success of diverse insect species. Another factor is lights positive effect on insectivore predation. That is, birds, bats, amphibians and arachnids arent stupid
75、-if a lot of insects start swirling around lights in the night, predators will also show up.Sadly, ALAN increases sharply after Thanksgiving, as many people add festive illumination(照明) to the exterior of their houses to celebrate the approach of Christmas. Many neighborhoods have a particular house
76、 that embraces the spirit of the season in such an outsized way as to produce a radiant haze perhaps visible to hunters in other star systems.The task then must be to lessen the ecological consequences of ALAN on insects while still maintaining sufficient levels of nighttime illumination for human s
77、afety and enjoyment.“Monochromatic LEDs can be engineered to produce light of any desired spectral composition,” the investigators write. “Therefore, once we know the specific wavelength affinities of insects, we can in theory design lights with minimal output in the wavelengths that most affect ins
78、ect fitness.”Turning some of the lights off might also help. In many cases, it is far easier, quicker, and cheaper to block, dim, or turn off a light source than it is to find the particular bulb type or narrow bandpass filter(滤波器) that makes its emissions visible to humans alone. Help end the war o
79、n insects. It is better to blow out one candle than to curse the planet.31. We can know from Paragraph 2 that _.A. lights are to blame for insect decreaseB. lightness hasnt got the attention it deservesC. lightness hasnt caused environmental problemsD. the dying out of insects is too slow to be noti
80、ced32. What can we learn from the passage?A. Most insects enjoy the lights at night.B. Birds and bats cannot hunt without light.C. Lights in the night make insects easily caught.D. Lights in the night has positive effect on insects.33 What solution is proposed in the passage?A. To make lights only v
81、isible to human.B. To use candles instead of light bulbs at night.C. To reduce light resource by turning off some lights.D. To change the light bulbs into ones with special light.34. What might be the best title for the passage?A. The importance of light to insectsB. The main causes of insects decre
82、aseC. To light, or to candle, that is the questionD. Too much illumination is killing vital insects【答案】31. B 32. C 33. C 34. D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了过多的光照会使重要的昆虫数量下降。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“But the authors argue that the forces of lightness have not gotten their due. (但作者认为，光亮度的影响力没有得到应有的重视。)”可知，光亮度没有
83、得到应有的重视。故选B。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“That is, birds, bats, amphibians and arachnids arent stupid-if a lot of insects start swirling around lights in the night, predators will also show up. (也就是说，鸟类、蝙蝠、两栖动物和蛛形纲动物并不愚蠢如果很多昆虫在夜间开始在灯光周围打转，捕食者也会出现。)”可推断，夜间的灯光使昆虫很容易被捕捉。故选C。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Turning some of
84、 the lights off might also help. In many cases, it is far easier, quicker, and cheaper to block, dim, or turn off a light source than it is to find the particular bulb type or narrow bandpass filter(滤波器) that makes its emissions visible to humans alone. Help end the war on insects. It is better to b
85、low out one candle than to curse the planet. (关掉一些灯可能也会有帮助。在许多情况下，屏蔽、调暗或关闭光源要比寻找特定类型的灯泡或窄带通滤波器更容易、更快、更便宜，从而使其辐射只对人类可见。帮助结束对昆虫的战争。与其诅咒地球，不如吹灭一根蜡烛。)”可知，通过关闭一些灯来减少光源，从而保护昆虫。故选C。【34题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Outdoor lighting in general poses a deadly threat to insects. Thats according to a study published online
86、 in November 2019 in the journal Biological Conservation, entitled “Light Pollution Is a Driver of Insect Declines”.(户外照明通常对昆虫构成致命威胁。这是根据2019年11月在生物保护杂志在线发表的一项题为“光污染是昆虫数量下降的驱动因素”的研究得出的结论。)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍了过多的光照会使重要的昆虫数量下降。所以“Too much illumination is killing vital insects(过多的光照会杀死重要的昆虫)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选D。第
87、二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。What Does Your Handwriting Say About You?Why do some people have better handwriting than others? Does it reflect your personality? Graphologists(笔记学者) believe your handwriting speaks volumes about your personality.A study by g
88、raphologists says: “Graphology is a discipline used in the determination, study, and interpretation of a persons personality with the aid of spaces, curves, strokes in a handwritten text. _35_ It expresses various personality traits, like how honest a person is, how afraid the person is, etc.”Some g
89、raphologists believe that a right slant(倾斜) in your writing could mean you are outgoing and open to new things, but a left slant could mean the opposite-that you like to be alone. Writing with no slant can mean that youre logical, practical person, not outwardly emotional.Large letters may suggest a
90、 big personality and that you seek attention, while small letters mean the opposite. _36_People who write with big loops(圈) when joining the letter L to another letter are thought to be relaxed and spontaneous, whereas a loopless L means the opposite, youre seen as tense. _37_Space between letters c
91、an also determine characteristics. Spaced out letters suggest that you dont like to be crowded and like your space. Close letters can mean you get lonely easily and enjoy being around people most of the time-you might also fail to give others enough space._38_ With computers and iPhones, many type e
92、verything. Handwriting is often used recreationally for things, such as personal notes, song writing, and journaling.There is no problem in taking pride in your handwriting, whether its good or not. _39_ If youre the only one who is going to read your notes, its understandable to write however carel
93、essly you want, as long as you can read them. If youre writing for others, you might want to make sure everything is neat and easy to read.If you hate your handwriting, dont worry, you can always change it.A. Good and bad can be interpreted differently, of course.B. Medium sized letters might mean y
94、oure perhaps well adjusted.C. As long as your writing satisfies its purpose, youre in business.D. Some people have handwriting so beautiful that its almost like art.E. The same is said for the eye of the letter e-the bigger the loop, the more open you are.F. According to graphology, handwriting is n
95、othing but an expression of the subconscious mind.G. Although handwriting is a basic action for most, this generation probably doesnt get as much practice as previous ones.【答案】35. F 36. B 37. E 38. G 39. C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍笔迹能反映一个人的性格。【35题详解】根据前句“Graphology is a discipline used in the determina
96、tion, study, and interpretation of a persons personality with the aid of spaces, curves, strokes in a handwritten text.(笔迹学是一门利用手写文本中的空格、曲线和笔触来确定、研究和解释一个人的性格的学科。)”和后句“It expresses various personality traits, like how honest a person is, how afraid the person is, etc.(它表达了各种性格特征，比如一个人有多诚实，有多害怕等等。)”可知
97、，笔迹学认为笔迹是人的一种潜意识。所以选择项F“According to graphology, handwriting is nothing but an expression of the subconscious mind.(根据笔迹学，笔迹只不过是潜意识的一种表达。)”符合上下文语境。故选F。【36题详解】根据前句“Large letters may suggest a big personality and that you seek attention, while small letters mean the opposite. (大的字母可能表明你的个性很强，你想引起别人的注意
98、，而小的字母则恰恰相反。)”可知，前句提出大的字母和小的字母所代表的个性，所以这里陈述中等大小的字母所代表的个性。所以选择项B“Medium sized letters might mean youre perhaps well adjusted. (中等大小的字母可能意味着你适应得很好。)”符合上下文语境。故选B。【37题详解】根据前句“People who write with big loops(圈) when joining the letter L to another letter are thought to be relaxed and spontaneous, whereas
99、 a loopless L means the opposite, youre seen as tense. (当L和另一个字母连在一起的时候写大圈的人会被认为是放松和自发的，而没有圈的L则意味着相反，你会被认为是紧张的。)”可知，作者继续介绍另一个字母的例子。所以选择项E“The same is said for the eye of the letter e-the bigger the loop, the more open you are. ( 同样的道理也适用于字母“ e”的眼睛圈越大，你就越开放。)”符合上下文语境。故选E。【38题详解】根据后文“With computers an
100、d iPhones, many type everything. Handwriting is often used recreationally for things, such as personal notes, song writing, and journaling. (有了电脑和iphone，很多人什么都可以打字。书写通常用于消遣，如个人笔记、写歌和写日记。)”可知，因为有了电子设备，现代人书写少了。所以选择项G“Although handwriting is a basic action for most, this generation probably doesnt get
101、as much practice as previous ones. (虽然对大多数人来说，书写是一种基本的动作，但这一代人可能没有像上一代人那样得到那么多的练习。)”符合上下文语境。故选G。【39题详解】根据前句“There is no problem in taking pride in your handwriting, whether its good or not. (对自己的书写感到自豪是没有问题的，不管它是好是坏。)”和后文“If youre the only one who is going to read your notes, its understandable to w
102、rite however carelessly you want, as long as you can read them. If youre writing for others, you might want to make sure everything is neat and easy to read.(如果你是唯一一个会看你笔记的人，只要你能看懂笔记，你想写多粗心都可以理解。如果你是为别人写作，你可能想要确保一切都是整洁的，易于阅读。)”可知，要了解书写的目的。所以选择项C“As long as your writing satisfies its purpose, youre i
103、n business. (只要你的写作满足了它的目的，你就达到目的了。)”符合上下文语境。故选C。第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。The Best Response to CriticismWhen someone criticizes you, your natural reaction is mostly to feel bad about it or defend yourself. If you lack confidence or if you have no
104、clear opinion about yourself, you may also feel pain and even accept the criticism as true. Living in this world, we have to deal with the opinions of others and keep ourselves safe from their negativity.Sometimes you will face genuine criticism from others. If you are too caught up in defensive att
105、itude and not being open minded, you may not receive the criticism well and may not perceive the truth in it. When you are criticized, remember that your opinion of yourself is probably more genuine than the opinion of another who does not know you as much as you know about you.Yet, we give so much
106、importance to what others say and what they think about us. It is natural because we prefer to be approved and accepted by others, or at least respected and acknowledged for who we are. The truth is, in many respects, criticism is a reflection of the person who indulges in it rather than you. A crit
107、ics criticism reveals more about him and his judgment rather than the object of his criticism.Criticism is a personal opinion of the critic. It very much depends upon the person, his or her thinking, beliefs, knowledge, attitude and values. It is a product of his worldview, upbringing, values, belie
108、fs, likes and dislikes, knowledge and ignorance. It also depends upon his relationship and attitude towards the person for whom the criticism is intended.A criticism which is not based upon true discernment（识别能力）and purity of perception and judgment should not be considered true criticism. You can i
109、gnore it or use it to know the people who criticize.Every criticism helps you know about you or those who engage in it. Use it to improve yourself or your relationships. If you understand this truth, you will accept criticism as a blessing and an opportunity to become a better person with better awa
110、reness.40. According to this passage, what is the natural reaction when one gets criticized?_41. Why do we give so much importance to what others say and what they think about us?_42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.Since every criticis
111、m is a personal opinion of the critic, it is not helpful for us._43. How do you usually respond to criticism?（In about 40 words）_【答案】40. The natural reaction when one gets criticized is to feel bad about it or defend oneself. 41. Because we prefer to be approved and accepted by others, or at least r
112、espected and acknowledged for who we are. 42. Since every criticism is a personal opinion of the critic, it is not helpful for us.1) According to the passage, every criticism helps us know about us or those who engage in it. (If we understand this truth, we will accept criticism as a blessing and an
113、 opportunity to become a better person with better awareness.)2) According to the passage, a criticism which is based upon true discernment and purity of perception and judgment is helpful. 43. I would respond differently to different criticism. I would take true criticism seriously and take it as a
114、 chance to make myself better. However, I would ignore the criticism that is meant to hurt.【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了对于不同的批评我们应该持有的方法。【40题详解】考查细节理解。根据第一段第一句“When someone criticizes you, your natural reaction is mostly to feel bad about it or defend yourself. ”（当有人批评你的时候，你的自然反应大多是感觉不好或者为自己辩护。）可知，当有人批评你的时候
115、，人们的自然反应就是感觉不好或者为自己辩护。故答案为The natural reaction when one gets criticized is to feel bad about it or defend oneself.【41题详解】考查细节理解。根据第三段前两句“Yet, we give so much importance to what others say and what they think about us. It is natural because we prefer to be approved and accepted by others, or at least
116、 respected and acknowledged for who we are. ”（然而，我们非常重视别人对我们的评价和看法。这是很自然的，因为我们更喜欢被别人认可和接受，或者至少因为我们是谁而被尊重和认可。）可知，我们重视别人对我们的评价和看法是因为我们更喜欢被别人认可和接受，或者至少因为我们是谁而被尊重和认可。故答案为Because we prefer to be approved and accepted by others, or at least respected and acknowledged for who we are.【42题详解】考查细节理解。根据文章倒数第二段
117、“A criticism which is not based upon true discernment（识别能力）and purity of perception and judgment should not be considered true criticism. You can ignore it or use it to know the people who criticize.”（不是基于真正的洞察力和纯粹的知觉和判断的批评不应被视为真正的批评。你可以忽略它，也可以用它来了解批评你的人。）可知，基于真正的洞察力和纯粹的知觉和判断的批评才可以被视为是真正的批评，这样的批评是有帮
118、助意义的。据此可以判断，所给提示句的后半部分“it is not helpful for us”是错误的，可以更改为“According to the passage, a criticism which is based upon true discernment and purity of perception and judgment is helpful”；最后一段“Every criticism helps you know about you or those who engage in it. Use it to improve yourself or your relation
119、ships. If you understand this truth, you will accept criticism as a blessing and an opportunity to become a better person with better awareness.”（每一个批评都会帮助你了解你自己或者那些参与其中的人。用它来改善你自己或你的人际关系。如果你明白这个道理，你就会接受批评作为一种祝福和一个机会，成为一个更好的人与更好的意识。）可知，每个批评都会帮助你了解你自己或者那些参与其中的人，如果你明白这个道理，你就会接受批评作为一种祝福和一个机会，成为一个更好的人与更
120、好的意识。据此可知，所给提示句的后半部分“it is not helpful for us”是错误的，可以更改为“ According to the passage, every criticism helps us know about us or those who engage in it. (If we understand this truth, we will accept criticism as a blessing and an opportunity to become a better person with better awareness.)”，故答案为Since e
121、very criticism is a personal opinion of the critic, it is not helpful for us.原因在于：According to the passage, every criticism helps us know about us or those who engage in it. (If we understand this truth, we will accept criticism as a blessing and an opportunity to become a better person with better
122、awareness.) According to the passage, a criticism which is based upon true discernment and purity of perception and judgment is helpful.【43题详解】开放题。言之有理即可。根据文章倒数第二段“A criticism which is not based upon true discernment（识别能力）and purity of perception and judgment should not be considered true criticism.
123、 You can ignore it or use it to know the people who criticize.”（不是基于真正的洞察力和纯粹的知觉和判断的批评不应被视为真正的批评。你可以忽略它，也可以用它来了解批评你的人。）可知，基于真正的洞察力和纯粹的知觉和判断的批评才可以被视为是真正的批评，这样的批评是有帮助意义的。因此我对不同的批评会有不同的反应。我会认真对待真正的批评，把它当作一个让自己变得更好的机会。然而，我会忽略那些意在伤害我的批评。故答案为I would respond differently to different criticism. I would take
124、 true criticism seriously and take it as a chance to make myself better. However, I would ignore the criticism that is meant to hurt.（34）第二节（20分）44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你与英国笔友Jim经常在线交流学习，请你给他写一封信，内容包括：1. 你的学习感受及原因；2. 你对后续交流学习的期望。注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Jim,_Yours,Li Hua【答案】Dear Jim,Im willi
125、ng to share my feelings and harvests with you about our online learning so far. I really love this study pattern. We share learning materials with each other and answer questions to dispel our misgivings, which help me work efficiently. Moreover, I become autonomous and confident. The reciprocal coo
126、peration between us has been developed well, thus inspiring my passion about learning. I sincerely hope we can keep on communicating online. Ive come up with some initial ideas like drawing mind maps and having online meetings regularly. I believe these will help review what we have learnt and impro
127、ve our logic. Wish you a meaningful and happy study life.Yours, Li hua【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国笔友Jim写一封信，在线交流学习情况。【详解】1.词汇积累到目前为止：so far up to now喜欢：love like/ enjoy而且：Moreover Besides快乐的：happy joyful2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：The reciprocal cooperation between us has been developed well, thus inspiring my p
128、assion about learning.拓展句：The reciprocal cooperation between us has been developed well, which inspires my passion about learning.【点睛】【高分句型1】We share learning materials with each other and answer questions to dispel our misgivings, which help me work efficiently.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）【高分句型2】I believe these will help review what we have learnt and improve our logic.（运用了宾语从句）
