1、2017高考英语二轮复习：定语从句 导学案【考纲解读】根据考纲要求,考生应做到:1.熟练掌握关系代词和关系副词引导的定语从句;2.区分限制性和非限制性定语从句;3. 定语从句中的主谓一致；4. which与that的区别；as与which的区别；whose与of which的转换。【预习导学】一、关系代词引导的定语从句1who, whom, whose引导的定语从句(1)who 或whom均可指代人，但who在从句中作主语或宾语，whom在从句中作宾语；两者在引导限制性定语从句时常可用that替换。作主语时，who/that不可省略；作宾语时，whom/who/that可以省略。Ive bec
2、ome good friends with several of the students in my school _I met in the English speech contest last year.我与好几位去年在英语演讲比赛中结识的同校同学成了好朋友。I have many friends to _ Im going to send post cards.我有很多打算寄贺卡给他们的朋友。(2)whose表所属关系，一般指人，也可指物，在从句中作定语。指物时相当于of which；指人时相当于of whom。The school shop, _ customers are mai
3、nly students, is closed for the holidays.这家校内商店的主要顾客是学生，放假时商店关门。2that, which引导的定语从句(1)which指物，在从句中可以作主语、宾语，也可作定语，作宾语时可以省略。that指人或物均可，在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语，作宾语时可以省略。She showed the visitors around the museum _ had been constructed three years before.她带着这些游客参观了那座三年前建造的博物馆。(2)限制性定语从句中，关系代词只用that 不用which的情况：先行
4、词为不定代词anything, nothing, something, everything, all, some, none, little, few, the one等时。I refuse to accept the blame for something _ was someone elses fault.我拒绝接受因别人的错误而对我进行的指责。先行词是形容词最高级或序数词，或先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。The first place _ they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.他们在桂林参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。先行词被t
5、he only, the very, the last, the same, any, every, each, few, little, no, some, all等修饰时。The only part of the meal _ I really liked was the dessert.这顿饭只有甜点是我真正爱吃的。先行词中既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。They will never forget the things and persons _ theyve seen or heard of during their long journey.他们将永远不会忘记在他们的长途旅行中见到或
6、听说过的人和事。(3)关系词只用which而不用that的情况：关系词引导非限制性定语从句时。The boy was away from home for a week, _ worried his parents very much.这个男孩离家一个星期了，这使他父母很担心。当从句中的介词提前，构成“介词关系代词”结构时。We live in an age _ more information is available with greater ease than ever before.我们生活在一个信息比以前更容易获得的时代。3as引导的定语从句(1)as 可以引导限制性定语从句，常用于
7、“so/such/the same先行词as .”结构中。Such machines _ are used in our workshop are made in China.像在我们车间使用的机器是中国制造的。名师指津：which引导定语从句代指前面整句话内容时只能位于主句之后。Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, which made one of the Chinese peoples longheld dreams come true.(2013安徽高考单选)莫言被授予2012年诺贝尔文学奖，这使中国人长久
8、以来拥有的梦想之一变成现实。 (2)as 也可以引导非限制性定语从句，定语从句说明整个句子，可放在主句之前、之中或之后。常用的这种类似插入语的句式有：as the saying goes, as is said above, as is mentioned above, as often happens, as is often the case, as is reported in the newspaper等。“You cant judge a book by its cover，” _ the old saying goes.正如老话所说的那样：“人不可貌相。”二、关系副词引导的定语从句
9、1where 引导的定语从句where表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词in/at/on.which”。Opposite is St.Pauls Church, _ you can hear some lovely music.(2015北京高考单选)Opposite is St.Pauls Church, _ you can hear some lovely music.对面是圣保罗大教堂，你们在那里能听到一些动听的音乐。名师指津：当先行词为situation, case, stage, point, activity, atmosphere等抽象名词，且引导词在定语从句中表示事
10、情发生的情况、阶段等时，常用关系副词where引导。They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.他们已经到了必须分手的地步。 2when 引导的定语从句when表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词in/at/on/during .which”结构。I am looking forward to the day _ my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.(2014湖南高考单选)我正期盼那一天的到来，那时我女
11、儿可以读这本书，并且了解我对她的感情。3why引导的定语从句why表示原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于“介词forwhich”结构。Do you know the reason _ he didnt attend the meeting?你知道他没参加会议的原因吗？名师指津：非限制性定语从句中，常用for which 表示原因而不用why。I had told them the reason, for which I didnt attend the meeting.我把理由告诉了他们，为此我没有去开会。 三、“介词关系词”引导的定语从句1介词和关系代词的确定若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代
12、词指人时常用whom，指物时常用which。另外，whose也可以放在介词后，即“介词whose名词”结构。一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下三方面入手：（1） 先行词的意思（2） 从句中的动词或形容词与先行词的固定搭配（3） 句子的意思Trading leather shoes is the business _ the Greens are devoted.皮鞋生意是格林一家所致力于的事业。(be devoted to “献身，致力于”)Care of the soul is a gradual process _ even the small details of life sh
13、ould be considered.(2012湖南高考单选)心灵的呵护是一个渐进的过程，在这一过程中，即使是生活中微小的细节也应该考虑在内。Recently I bought an ancient vase, the price_ (_ price) was very reasonable.最近我买了个古代的花瓶，它的价钱很合理。2“of关系代词”引导的定语从句在some, any, few, little, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each等代词或数词的前、后表示整体与部分的关系可以用of which/whom。He had a lot
14、of friends, none _ would offer help to him when he was in trouble.他有许多朋友，但当他遇到麻烦时没有人会给他提供帮助。3“介词where”引导的定语从句有时“介词where”可以引导定语从句，此时要和“介词which”引导的定语从句从意思上加以区别。His head soon appeared out of the window, from _ he saw nothing but trees.他的头很快从窗口探了出来，从那里除了树木他什么也看不到。(from where相当于from out of the window，而不是
15、from the window)【考点突破】考点1 as，which引导的非限制性定语从句1It is a truly delightful place，_ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.(2015湖南，29)Aas Bwhere Cthat Dwhich2China Today attracts a worldwide readership，_ shows that more and more people all over the
16、world want to learn about China.(2015福建，34)Awho Bwhom Cthat Dwhich3The number of smokers，_ is reported，has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.(2015江苏，21)Ait Bwhich Cwhat Das考点归纳关系代词as与which引导的非限制性定语从句，其先行词都可以是整个主句，指代主句的整个意思。但as和which具有不同的词义、句法和用法。1as意为“正如，像”。as引导的定语从句可以置于句首、句中或句尾。The famous magi
17、cian Liu Qian，as we all know，is from Taiwan.众所周知，著名魔术师刘谦是台湾人。As is often the case，girls like dolls while boys like guns.女孩子喜欢玩具娃娃而男孩子喜欢枪，这是常见的情况。2which引导的定语从句在意义上近乎并列关系时，可以用and this，and that代替，常译为“这一点，这件事”等。它只能位于主句的后面。He changed his mind again，which(and this/that) made us all angry.他又改变了主意，这使我们大家都生气
18、了。She tore up my photos，which (and that) upset me.她撕碎了我的照片，这使我很不安。3as有以下常见的“固定表达”：as we all know 众所周知；as I can remember 正如我所记得的；as often happens 正如经常发生的那样；as we expect 正如我们预料的那样；as you see正如你所见；as was expected 正如预料的那样；as can be seen 看得出来；as may be imagined 正如可以想象的那样；as has been said above 如上所述；as we
19、 all can see 正如我们都能看到的那样；as is often the case情况常常如此；as everybody can do正如人人都能做到的那样。考点2 where引导的定语从句1The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere _ his employees enjoy their work.(2015天津，15)Awhere Bwhich Cwhen Dwho2Students should involve themselves in community activities _ they ca
20、n gain experience for growth.(2014福建，31)Awho Bwhen Cwhich Dwhere3The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication，especially at work _ a good impression is a must.(2014江苏，22)Awhich Bwhen Cas Dwhere考点归纳当先行词为position，case，point，stage，situation，condition等表示抽象地点的名词，且定语从句中不缺少主要成分时，常用where引导定语从句，此
21、时where相当于under which，from which，意为“在这种情况下，从中”。一些不是明显表示地点的名词作先行词时，也常用where引导定语从句。He wrote a letter where he explained what had happened in the accident.(2013江西，33)他写了一封信，在信中，他解释了这起事故中发生的事情。Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment where they live.(2013四川，9)现在人们更加关注他们生活的环境。考点3 when引导的定语
22、从句1We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，_ the weather may be better.(2016天津，9)Athat Bwhere Cwhich Dwhen2As the smallest child of his family，Alex is always longing for the time_ he should be able to be independent.(2015陕西，15)Awhich Bwhere Cwhom Dwhen3I didnt become a serious climber
23、 until the fifth grade，_ I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.(2014浙江，5)Awhen Bwhere Cwhich Dwhy考点归纳关系副词when在定语从句中作状语，一般不能省略，可用“介词which”替换。when指时间，在从句中作时间状语，它的先行词通常为time，day，morning，night，week，year等表示时间的名词。有时候when也可以和部分介词一起引导定语从句。I still remember the time when I first
24、travelled by plane.我仍然记得第一次坐飞机旅行的时间。She went to Japan two years ago，since when I havent heard from her.她两年前去了日本，从那以后我就没有收到过她的来信。考点4 whose引导的定语从句1I live next door to a couple _ children often make a lot of noise.(2016北京，22)Awhose Bwhy Cwhere Dwhich2The books on the desk，_ covers are shiny，are prizes
25、for us.(2015四川，3)Awhich Bwhat Cwhose Dthat3A company _ profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.(2014山东，10)Awhich Bwhose Cwho Dwhy考点归纳whose一般指人，但有时也指物，在定语从句中作定语。指物时，“whose名词”可用“限定词名词of which”或“of which限定词名词”来代替。Do you know the girl whose Japanese is excellent?你认识那个日语非常优秀
26、的姑娘吗？Please pass me the book whose cover is green.Please pass me the book the cover of which is green.请递给我封面是绿色的那本书。考点5 “介词关系代词”引导的定语从句1Many young people，most _ were welleducated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.(2016江苏，23)Aof which Bof them Cof whom Dof those2Scientists have advanced
27、 many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of _ has been proved.(2016浙江，11)Awhom Bwhich Cwhat Dthat3He wrote many childrens books，nearly half of _ were published in the 1990s.(2015重庆，14)Awhom Bwhich Cthem Dthat考点归纳1“介词关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which(指物)和whom(指人)，即：介词which/whom。不能用that 和who。This
28、 is the teacher from whom weve learned a lot.这就是从他那里我们学了很多东西的老师。Great changes have taken place in the city in which we live.我们所居住的城市发生了巨大的变化。2“名词/代词/数词等ofwhich/whom”引导的定语从句。介词of表示整体和部分的关系，of前边会出现复杂的形式，常见的有“some/several/a few/a little/many/more/most/the larger/the biggest/half/many等ofwhich/whom”形式。做题
29、时如果不好理解，可将关系代词换成先行词，则句子结构和意义就比较明显了。John invited about 40 people to his wedding，most of whom are family members.(2013重庆，24)约翰大约邀请了40人参加他的婚礼，其中大多数是他的家人。3介词which名词His wife got seriously ill，in which case he had to give up the chance of going abroad.他的妻子病得很重，因此他不得不放弃出国的机会。4“复合介词短语which”引导的定语从句。此结构常与先行词用
30、逗号分开，且定语从句常用倒装语序。They arrived at the house，in front of which sat a little boy.他们到达那座房子，房前坐着一个小男孩。5from where为“介词关系副词”结构，也可以引导定语从句。He hid himself behind the door，from where he saw the man take a photo of something on the desk.他躲在门后面，从那里他看见那个人拍摄了桌子上的什么东西。(from where指代from behind the door，并非指代from the
31、door)考点6 定语从句易混辨析1Its not doing the things we like，but liking the things we have to do _ makes life happy.(2014湖南，33)Athat Bwhich Cwhat Dwho2It was the culture，rather than the language，_ made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.(2014福建，29)Awhere Bwhy Cthat Dwhat考点归纳1定语从句与并列句：并列句有a
32、nd，but，so等并列连词或两个句子用分号连接，这时就不能再用引导定语从句的关系词了。He has two children，and both of them are abroad.He has two children，both of whom are abroad.2定语从句与地点状语从句：定语从句有表示地点的先行词，而地点状语从句则没有；定语从句的关系词根据需要可用“介词which”来代替where，而地点状语从句则通常只能由 where引导。Rice doesnt grow well where there is not enough water.(状语从句)I still reme
33、mber the farm where(in which) my parents worked ten years ago.(定语从句)3定语从句与强调句：强调句的结构为“It is/was被强调部分that从句”。被强调部分可以是除谓语以外的任何成分，当被强调部分是人时，还可用who代替that。检测是否是强调句的方法是：把强调句中的It is/was与that/who去掉，再把被强调部分还原，在不增加或减少任何单词的情况下，如句子仍然成立则为强调句，否则为定语从句。It is on the morning of May 1st that I met Liang Wei at the air
34、port.(强调句)It is the factory where Mr Wang works.(定语从句)4定语从句与结果状语从句：在such.as/that结构中，如果复合句中需要一个引导词，同时又需在从句中充当一定的成分，则用as作关系词来引导定语从句。如果从句中不缺少任何成分，所需要的词只起连接作用，则要用that来引导结果状语从句。She is such a kind and funny girl that all of us like to make friends with her.It is such a big stone as no one can move.【方法总结】方
35、法1 先行词还原法如果认为是定语从句，大家可以把前面的名词直接还原到从句中，如果此句意思通顺，则为定语从句。Shell never forget her stay there _ she found her son who had gone missing two years before.Athat Bwhich Cwhere Dwhen答案 D解析 her stay为先行词，代入定语从句后为：She found her son who had gone missing two years before during her stay there.。when指代during her stay
36、，在定语从句中作时间状语。方法2 四步分析法正确选择引导定语从句的关系词是学习定语从句的难点，大家可以使用“四步分析法”来正确解答试题。一看指人还是物；二看介词在何处；三看句中作何用；四看是否属特殊。(1)As a child，Jack studied in a village school，_ is named after his grandfather.Awhich Bwhere Cwhat Dthat答案 A解析 句意为：还是孩子的时候，Jack 在以他祖父命名的乡村学校学习。分析句子结构可知，此题考查定语从句。定语从句所修饰的先行词是school，它在定语从句中作主语，因此使用关系代词
37、，选项中的关系代词只有which和that，由于是非限制性定语从句，不能使用that，因此选择A。(2)Children who are not active or _ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.Awhat Bwhose Cwhich Dthat答案 B解析 句意为：不爱运动或者饮食热量偏高的孩子们会很快发胖。分析句子结构可知，本定语从句不缺主要成分，故排除C项；what不能引导定语从句，故排除。children与diet是所属关系，故B项符合题意。方法3 固定搭配法在解答定语从句时还要注意一些固定短语，这样就需要确定关系词前的介
38、词等。Wind power is an ancient source of energy _ we may return in the near future.Aon which Bby which Cto which Dfrom which答案 C解析 句意为：风力是很古老的一种能源，不久的将来我们也许会再利用它。return to重新恢复，属于固定搭配。【扩展交流】典题精选我来改正常设误点(2016衡水市点睛金榜大联考)Its really lucky I came to a restaurant that I am known._(1)关系代词与关系副词的错用关系代词在从句中作主语、宾语
39、、表语和定语；关系副词在从句中作状语。(2013新课标全国卷)Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, that might not be served until 8 oclock at night._(2)that与which的错用在不定代词、最高级、序数词等后用that；在非限制性定语从句和介词后用which。(2016九江高三一模)The book, of whose the cover is broken is of great help to all of us._(3)
40、which和whose的错用在定语从句中，关系代词which在从句中常作主语或宾语，也可作定语，而whose只可作定语，“whosen.”相当于“then.of which”或“of whichthen.”。(2016嘉峪关市一中三模)There are many people think that wealth is better than health._(4)关系词的缺失主要考查在there be结构中，容易受汉语影响而漏掉用作主语的关系词who/that/which等。【当堂达标】.单句语法填空1(2016唐山一中仿真模拟一)The richest of these is Bill G
41、ates, worth at least $41 billion, _ made his money by starting the company Microsoft.2(2016海口二模)So, they looked around for a soccer club _ would be able to do this for them.3(2016山东临沂二模)Ice bucket challenge is like the epidemic (流行病), _ becomes popular around the world very quickly.4(2016三门峡市考前适应性练习
42、)Jane paused in front of a counter _ some attractive ties were on display.5(2016邢台高三摸底考试)Officer: Im afraid I cant do that, Madam. In school zones, Im required to give tickets to all drivers _ break the rules. Its the law in this county.6(2016南阳一中二模)Freeflyers, _ the name suggests, enjoy the more sp
43、ontaneous (即兴的) thrill of doing their own things.7(2016青岛高三第二次统一质检)Its generally believed that this is the best play _ was written by Jack.8(2016吉林省实验中学模拟)Her boyfriend left in tears and a few days later sent a note to her, _ said, “Please take good care of your eyes, my dear, because before they ar
44、e yours, they were mine！”9(2016滕州4月模拟)Those _ want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning.10(2016南阳一中二模)My uncle has two daughters, both of _ are good students.11(2016滕州5月模拟)She dreamed of the day_ the manager of the supermarket would say to her with a smile, “Madam, th
45、is is your lucky day. Everything in your basket is free.”12(2016江西鹰潭二模)The police must give the reasons _ they are arresting him and tell him his rights under the law.单句改错1(2016大庆质量检测二短文改错)I finally knew the reason what she didnt talk to me and comforted her.2(2016兰州模拟短文改错)However, the number of stu
46、dents who enjoy reading popular science articles doubles that of those which prefer reading articles about learning methods.3(2016唐山一模短文改错)I made friends with the daughter of my homestay family, which was a college student.4(2016长春质量监测二短文改错)I am a 25yearold young man graduated from the Foreign Langu
47、ages Department of Jilin University.5(2016青岛统一检测短文改错)You can also make more Chinese friends, they will tell you a lot about China and help you learn Chinese.6(2016江西赣州模拟短文改错)He saw pictures of vehicles could climb up the sides of buildings. He made up his mind to design a better vehicle.7(2013湖南高考改编
48、)Happiness and success often come to those whom are good at recognizing their own strengths.8(2016广西柳州3月模拟短文改错)And I am unfamiliar with the language style of the speech article, that is totally different from the common article.语法填空(2016河北省七校高三联合考试)When you decide youre going to live alone, you get
49、upset. This is _1_(nature). But theres no need to get _2_(worry). Below are some ideas _3_ can help you out.Saving money is _4_ you need to start several months before you move out. You need to save enough money _5_(help) you survive for at least a month in the new place. The _6_ (easy) of all ways
50、is to spend less!Search for a place to live in before _7_(move) out. Make sure that the place you choose is in a good location. Besides, you can afford _8_. If youre going to stay in an expensive city, find a roommate so that you can share the expenses.And if you have to live _9_ your own for a long
51、 time, youll have to look for a parttime job. If youre _10_ student, you can work in restaurants, theaters, etc. And dont spend a lot of money in a wasteful way! Try and save every penny of what you earn.参考答案【预习导学】一、关系代词引导的定语从句1who, whom, whose引导的定语从句（1）who/whom/that whom(2) whose2that, which引导的定语从句
52、(1) that/which(2) that that that that(3) which in which3as引导的定语从句(1) as (2) as二、关系副词引导的定语从句1where 引导的定语从句where in which2when 引导的定语从句wWhen3why引导的定语从句why/for which三、“介词关系词”引导的定语从句1介词和关系代词的确定(1) 先行词的意思(2) 从句中的动词或形容词与先行词的固定搭配(3) 句子的意思 to which in which of which whose2“of关系代词”引导的定语从句of whom3“介词where”引导的定
53、语从句where【考点突破】考点1 as，which引导的非限制性定语从句1. 答案 D解析 句意为：它确实是一个令人感到快乐的地方，它看起来一定跟100年前一样，有着蜿蜒的街道和美丽的村舍。本句中先行词是a truly delightful place，且后面的定语从句中缺少主语，可用which或that引导；又因为前后两部分用逗号连接，所以所填词引导非限制性定语从句，故用which。2. 答案 D解析 句意为：今日中国吸引了全世界的读者，这表明世界上越来越多的人想了解中国。先行词指代前面的整个主句，在从句中作主语，且空格前有逗号，故用which来引导。3. 答案 D解析 考查定语从句。句意
54、为：据报道，吸烟者的数量在一年内下降了17%。as引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如”，符合句意，故选D项。考点2 where引导的定语从句1. 答案 A解析 句意为：该公司的老板正在努力营造一种轻松的氛围，这样他的员工就可以在这种氛围中享受工作的乐趣。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词为an easy atmosphere，且从句中缺少地点状语，故要用where。2. 答案 D解析 关系副词where引导定语从句修饰先行词community activities，且在从句中作地点状语。3. 答案 D解析 句意为：这本书极大地帮助了我的日常交流，尤其是在必须给人留下好印象的工作当中。w
55、ork后跟一个定语从句，且work在从句中作状语，表示一个抽象的地点名词，用where来引导。考点3 when引导的定语从句1. 答案 D解析 句意为：我们将把去公园的野餐推迟到下周，那时天气可能更好。分析句子成分可知定语从句中缺少时间状语，故用when引导。2. 答案 D解析 句意为：作为家里最小的孩子，亚历克斯总是盼望着他能独立的时候。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词为the time，表示时间，且从句中缺少状语，故用when引导。3. 答案 A解析 句意为：直到五年级我才成为一个热衷攀爬的人，当时我爬上树取下了一个挂在树枝上的风筝。when引导的非限制性定语从句是对先行词th
56、e fifth grade的进一步说明，when在从句中作时间状语。考点4 whose引导的定语从句1. 答案 A解析 句意为：我住在一对夫妇的隔壁，他们的孩子经常弄出很大的噪音。先行词为couple，由句意可知children与couple之间为所属关系，故用关系代词whose。2. 答案 C解析 句意为：桌面上那些封面闪亮的书是为我们准备的奖品。本题考查非限制性定语从句的引导词，先行词the books和covers之间是所属关系，故选C。3. 答案 B解析 考查定语从句关系词的用法。句意为：国内市场利润萎缩的公司可能会去国外市场寻求机会。空格后名词profits和先行词company形成
57、所属关系，故选择whose。考点5 “介词关系代词”引导的定语从句1. 答案 C解析 句意为：很多年轻人前往偏远地区去追逐梦想，他们中的大多数人都受过良好的教育。分析句子结构可知，此处为定语从句，先行词为many young people，作介词of的宾语，故要用whom。2. 答案 B解析 句意为：科学家们已经提出许多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，其中没有一个得到证实。分析句子成分可知，逗号后是“代词ofwhich/whom”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是many theories，指物，故应用 which。3. 答案 B解析 句意为：他写了许多儿童读物，几乎有一半的书是在20世纪90年
58、代出版的。逗号之后是一个修饰childrens books的非限制性定语从句，which指代childrens books。考点6 定语从句易混辨析1. 答案 A解析 考查强调句型的判定。句意为：让生活愉快的不是做我们喜欢的事情，而是喜欢那些我们不得不做的事情。强调句型的判断方法是将It is/was与that去掉，来验证句子成分是否完整。经判断句子“Not doing the things we like but liking the things we have to do makes life happy.”成分完整，结构正确，由此可以判定本句是强调句型，所以空格处应用that。本题中包
59、含结构not.but.“不是而是”，连接平行的并列结构。2. 答案 C解析 考查强调句。句意为：是风俗文化而不是语言使他很难适应国外的新环境。去掉It was及空格处所填词此句成分仍完整，由此可断定本句是强调句型，所以空格处用that。【扩展交流】thatwherethatwhichwhosewhich在people后加who或thinkthinking【当堂达标】.单句语法填空1. who 2. that/which 3. which 4. where 5. who/that 6. as7. that 8. which 9. who 10. whom 11. when 12. why.单句改
60、错1. whatwhy 2. whichwho 3. whichwho 4. man后加who/that或graduatedgraduating 5. theywho或they前加and 6. could前加that/which7. whomwho 8. thatwhich语法填空1natural 考查形容词。句意：当你决定单独生活时，你变得沮丧，这是自然的。分析句子成分可知，空处作表语，故此处需要用nature的形容词形式。2worried 考查形容词。get worried“担心，担忧”。3that 考查定语从句。句意：下面是一些帮助你摆脱困境的方法。因为先行词前有不定代词some修饰，所
61、以此处用that引导限制性定语从句。4what 考查表语从句。句意：在你搬出去的几个月之前，你就需要开始存钱。what引导表语从句，并在从句中作宾语。5to help 考查非谓语动词。句意：你需要存足够的钱，帮助你在新的地方生存至少一个月。此处用动词不定式作目的状语。6easiest 考查最高级。句意：所有的方法中最容易的就是少花钱。由of all ways可知用最高级。7moving 考查非谓语动词。介词before后跟动词ing形式。8it 考查代词。此处用it指代前面的“the place”。9on 考查介词短语。on ones own“单独，独自”。10a 考查冠词。句意：如果你是一名学生，你能在餐馆、剧院等地方工作。此处用不定冠词a表示泛指一名学生。
