1、写作一假设你是李华，在美国孔子学院的笔友Jack对汉字毛笔书法非常感兴趣，写信向你咨询学习毛笔书法的建议。请你用英语回信，内容包括：1. 学习毛笔书法的必备工具;2. 你认为学好毛笔书法的有效方式；3. 学好毛笔书法的好处。注意：1. 词数100左右（开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数）；2. 可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。3. 参考词汇：书法 calligraphy 毛笔 writing brush 砚台 ink stone【参考范文】Dear Jack,Im glad to know youre interested in Chinese Calligraphy. Its my pleasu
2、re to tell you how to learn Chinese calligraphy.As we all know, the four treasures of the study are writing brush, ink, paper and ink stone, which are essential to learn Chinese calligraphy. As to the way to learn it, I think, for one thing, you may study the basic structure of each Chinese characte
3、r step by step; for another, choosing a good model book to copy is of great benefit to you.Chinese calligraphy is a fine art of the excellent traditional cultures in China. Not only does it do good to health, but also it can cultivate morality and purify our souls.Hoping you can come to China to enj
4、oy it personally.写作二假如你是李华，你校将迎接英国学生代表团。作为学校书法社团的部长，请你写一篇发言稿，要点如下：1. 介绍书法用具；2. 阐述学习书法的好处；3. 邀请英国同学参与。注意：1词数100左右； 2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3. 开头和结尾已为你写好。 参考词汇：书法 calligraphy; 文房四宝 the Four Treasures of the studywriting brush, ink stick, paper and ink slab【参考范文】Dear friends,Wed like to share our culture with
5、 you by introducing you to the art of Chinese calligraphy.As you can see, all the Chinese characters hanging here are written with the Four Treasures of the study - writing brush, ink stick, paper and ink slab, which enjoy a long history and a good reputation as well.For Chinese, calligraphy serves
6、the purpose of conveying thoughts and showing the beauty of the lines. Not only is it a practical technique for writing Chinese characters, but also a unique art which can help purify our souls.Afterwards, well break into groups so that you can join us. I promise you can feel the beauty and power of
7、 writing. Please enjoy yourselves!写作三：邀请信：邀请外教参加书法讲座假定你是李华，你校外教David对中国传统文化很感兴趣。学校邀请著名书法家沈鹏到校举行书法讲座。请给David发一封电子邮件，邀请他来参加并介绍讲座的有关事宜。1. 讲座时间：5月15日（星期日）上午8:0011:00；2. 讲座地点：艺术楼演讲大厅；3. 活动安排：听讲座，讨论及提问，观摩名家即兴创作等。注意：1、词数100左右；2、可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3、开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数;参考词汇：calligraphy书法； improvise v. 即兴表演【参考范文】De
8、ar David,Im writing to invite you to the lecture on Chinese calligraphy which is the art of writing Chinese characters and especially refers to the rules of writing with a brush.The lecture will be given by Shen Peng, a famous calligrapher, in the lecture hall of the Art Building on May 15th this Su
9、nday. As far as I know, you like the traditional culture of China, so you will enjoy it.The lecture will last from 8 a.m to 11 a.m, mainly consisting of three parts: one and a half hours listening to the lecture, half an hours discussion and one hour for observing the calligrapher improvising on the
10、 spot.I will be very glad if you come. Looking forward to your early reply.Yours,LiHua书法小知识Calligraphy (from Greek: ) is a visual art related to writing. It is the design and execution of lettering with a broad tip instrument, brush, or other writing instruments. A contemporary calligraphic practice
11、 can be defined as the art of giving form to signs in an expressive, harmonious, and skillful manner.In ancient China, the oldest Chinese characters existing are Jigwn characters (甲骨文) carved on ox scapulae and tortoise plastrons, because the dominators in Shang Dynasty carved pits on such animals b
12、ones and then baked them to gain auspice of military affairs, agricultural harvest, or even procreating and weather. During the divination ceremony, after the cracks were made, the characters were written with a brush on the shell or bone to be later carved.(Keightley, 1978). With the development of
13、 Jnwn (Bronzeware script) and Dzhun (Large Seal Script) cursive signs continued. Moreover, each archaic kingdom of current China had its own set of characters.In Imperial China, the graphs on old stelessome dating from 200 BC, and in Xiaozhuan styleare still accessible.About 220 BC, the emperor Qin
14、Shi Huang, the first to conquer the entire Chinese basin, imposed several reforms, among them Li Sis character unification, which created a set of 3300 standardized Xiozhun（小篆） characters. Despite the fact that the main writing implement of the time was already the brush, few papers survive from thi
15、s period, and the main examples of this style are on steles.The Lsh style (隸書/隸书)(clerical script) which is more regularized, and in some ways similar to modern text, have been also authorised under Qin Shi Huangdi.Kish style (traditional regular script)still in use todayand attributed to Wang Xizhi
16、 (王羲之, 303361) and his followers, is even more regularized.26 Its spread was encouraged by Emperor Mingzong of Later Tang (926933), who ordered the printing of the classics using new wooden blocks in Kaishu. Printing technologies here allowed a shape stabilization. The Kaishu shape of characters 100
17、0 years ago was mostly similar to that at the end of Imperial China.26 But small changes have been made, for example in the shape of 广 which is not absolutely the same in the Kangxi Dictionary of 1716 as in modern books. The Kangxi and current shapes have tiny differences, while stroke order is stil
18、l the same, according to old style.Styles which did not survive include Bfnsh, a mix made of Xiaozhuan style at 80%, and Lishu at 20%. Some variant Chinese characters were unorthodox or locally used for centuries. They were generally understood but always rejected in official texts. Some of these un
19、orthodox variants, in addition to some newly created characters, compose the Simplified Chinese character set.TechniqueTraditional East Asian writing uses the Four Treasures of the Study (文房四寶/文房四宝): the ink brushes known as mob (毛筆/毛笔) to write Chinese characters, Chinese ink, paper, and inkstone,
20、known as the Four Friends of the Study (Korean: , translit. 文房四友) in Korea. In addition to these four tools, desk pads and paperweights are also used.The shape, size, stretch, and hair type of the ink brush, the color, color density and water density of the ink, as well as the papers water absorptio
21、n speed and surface texture are the main physical parameters influencing the final result. The calligraphers technique also influences the result. The calligraphers work is influenced by the quantity of ink and water he lets the brush take, then by the pressure, inclination, and direction he gives t
22、o the brush, producing thinner or bolder strokes, and smooth or toothed borders. Eventually, the speed, accelerations, decelerations of the writers moves, turns, and crochets, and the stroke order give the spirit to the characters, by greatly influencing their final shapes.StylesCursive styles such
23、as xngsh (行書/行书)(semi-cursive or running script) and cosh (草書/草书)(cursive or grass script) are less constrained and faster, where more movements made by the writing implement are visible. These styles stroke orders vary more, sometimes creating radically different forms. They are descended from Cler
24、ical script, in the same time as Regular script (Han Dynasty), but xngsh and cosh were used for personal notes only, and never used as a standard. The cosh style was highly appreciated in Emperor Wu of Han reign (140187 AD).Examples of modern printed styles are Song from the Song Dynastys printing press, and sans-serif. These are not considered traditional styles, and are normally not written.
