1、Unit 6 Space and beyond教学知识细解码 1exceptional adj.异常的adj.平常的2v暂停，中止suspension n暂令停职3n概念；观点；看法notional adj.概念上的notionally adv.想象地4v使适应，使习惯accustomed adj.习惯的notionunexceptionalsuspendaccustom5tragedy n不幸；悲剧tragic adj.悲惨的；悲剧的adv.悲惨地，不幸地6n坏影响，阴影shadowy adj.阴暗的，朦胧的tragically shadow1shadow n影子；阴暗处；少许；坏影响The
2、 children were having fun，chasing each others shadows.I thought I saw a figure standing in the shadows.These people have been living for years under the shadow of fear.A shadow of a smile touched his mouth.影子少许坏影响阴暗处2crew n(飞机上的)全体机组人员；(赛船的)划船队(员)；赛艇运动Im thinking of going out for crew this term.None
3、 of the passengers and crew were injured.He is a member of the Cambridge crew.赛艇运动划船队全体机组人员Words and Phrases知识要点1 accustomed adj.习惯的；通常的；惯常的 教材 P62 Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon back on 20 July 1969，people have become accustomed to the notion of space travel.自从 1969 年 7 月 20 日
4、尼尔阿姆斯特朗第一次踏上月球以来，人们已经习惯了太空旅行的概念。例 1 You must accustom yourself to be more at ease when you are before strangers.当你在陌生人面前时，要使自己习惯于别太拘束。例 2 Youll soon accustom yourself to the climate here.你将很快习惯这里的气候。造句 他习惯于早起，这对他的健康有益。He is accustomed to getting up early，which is beneficial to hishealth.知识拓展(1)be ac
5、customed/used to(doing)sth.习惯于(做)某事(表示状态)get/become accustomed/used to(doing)sth.习惯于(做)某事(表示动作)(2)accustom vt.使习惯于accustom oneself/sb.to sth.使自己/某人习惯于(做)某事即学即练 单句语法填空The students quickly accustomed(they)to the new timetable，which excited the teachers.As we all know，English people are accustomed to(d
6、rive)on the left.小片段填空 to getting up late in the morning，I spend a lot of time myself to the schools rules and regulations.driving themselvesaccustomingAccustomed知识要点2 average adj.平均的；普通的 n平均数；平均水平v.平均为 教材 P62 Guided by a computer that was much less powerful than the ones used by todays average scho
7、ol students，all three astronauts of the Apollo 11 mission made it safely back to Earth.完成阿波罗 11 号任务的三名宇航员在一台比现在普通学生使用的功能要弱得多的电脑的引导下安全返回地球。例 1 It takes an average of ten weeks for a house sale to be completed.售出一幢房子平均需要 10 周的时间。例 2 I was only average academically.我的学习成绩一般。造句 他只是个普通的学生。He is just an a
8、verage student.知识拓展an average of 平均有(后跟数词)on average 平均地；在一般情况下above/below average 高于/低于平均数/水平up to the average 达到平均数/水平即学即练 单句语法填空It is said that the time spent on homework by Chinese students is more than four hours a day average.To their great joy，their sons schoolwork is well average.The economy
9、 in this area has grown at a remarkable rate，(average)almost 10 percent per annual.onaveragingabove小片段填空 There were 90 students getting full marks in the exam，(平均有 18 名学生)in each class.Toms was(在平均水平以上)while Johns was(在平均水平以下)above averagean averagebelow averageof 18 students知识要点3 involve vt.包括；涉及；使
10、参加 教材 P62 When the Challenger space shuttle took off on 28 January 1986，the world seemed to have lost its wonder at the amazing achievements of the astronauts involved.1986 年 1 月 28 日，“挑战者号”航天飞机起飞时，全世界似乎都对参与其中的宇航员取得的惊人成就失去了好奇。例 1 Any investment involves an element of risk.任何投资都有一定的风险。例 2 The test wi
11、ll involve answering questions about a photograph.考试将包括回答一些关于一张照片的问题。造句 让你的学生参与课堂活动是至关重要的。Getting your students involved in classroom activities is vitallyimportant.知识拓展(1)involve sb.in(doing)sth.使某人参与(做)某事；使某人牵扯到某事中involve doing sth.包括做某事；需要做某事(2)involved adj.复杂的；有牵连的；有关的get/be involved in 被卷入之中；热衷
12、于；专心于be/get involved with sb./sth.与某人混在一起/和某事有密切联系(3)involvement n.参与；加入；插手involved adj.作前置定语时，意为“复杂的”；作后置定语时，意为“涉及的”。例如：an involved sentence“一个复杂的句子”；the people involved“所涉及的人”。即学即练 单句语法填空Students should involve themselvescommunity activities where they can gain experience for growth.In a recent bo
13、ok，he advocated much more government(involve)in health care.When she was young，she did as many things as she could，like getting(involve)in sports teams and school clubs.involvementininvolved小片段填空Michelle found a job as a high school teacher which involves(spend)quite a lot of time with students.Sadl
14、y，a serious accident(involve)a group of youths happened on him.(involve)in the car accident，he had no alternative but to stay and wait for the policeman.involvingspendingInvolved知识要点4 assume vt.假设，假定；认为；承担 教材 P63 The world went into shock，most people having assumed that this space flight would be no
15、 more dangerous than travelling in an aeroplane.全世界陷入震惊，大多数人本来认为这次太空飞行会和乘普通飞机旅行一样安全。例 1 Let us assume for a moment that the plan succeeds.咱们暂时假设计划成功。例 2 It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work.普遍认为，压力是工作过重所致。造句 在他被证明有罪之前，我们必须假定他是无辜的。We must assume him to be innocent until he i
16、s proved guilty.知识拓展(1)assume sb./sth.to be 假定/假设某人/某事为assume that.假设；认为It is/was generally assumed that.普遍认为(2)assumption n.假定，假设，设想on the assumption that.假定，假设assuming(that).假定(作状语)即学即练 单句语法填空/句型转换I hope to go to college next year，always(assume)that I pass my exams.We are working on the(assume)tha
17、t everyone invited will turn up.People assume that what they do has little effect on the environment.what they do has little effect on the environment.(用 it 作形式主语改写)assumptionIt is assumed thatassumingIf there was not the hard work of the dustman，what can you imagine our environment will be like?the
18、re was not the hard work of the dustman，what can you imagine our environment will be like？(用 assuming 作连词改写)Assuming that小片段填空 It is that hard work leads to great success，so we him to be successful.But that he is not that lucky，what shall we do to comfort him?assumeassumedassuming知识要点5 shadow n坏影响，阴
19、影 教材 P63 It was the most disastrous space accident ever，and it cast a shadow on peoples hearts.这是有史以来最严重的太空事故，给人们的心灵蒙上了阴影。例 1 She seemed to have always been under the shadow of her father.她似乎总是生活在父亲的阴影下。例 2 The scandal cast a shadow on his career.这件丑闻给他的事业投上了一层阴影。造句 那棵树投下影子。The tree cast its shadow.
20、知识拓展be frightened/nervous/scared of ones own shadow 非常胆小(或十分紧张)in the shadow of 在附近under the shadow of 在的阴影中without/beyond a shadow of a doubt 毫无疑问即学即练 完成句子The new market is(在附近)the City Hall.Kate has been living for years(在恐惧的阴影中)Whenever he sees his boss，he(十分紧张)under the shadow of fearis nervous
21、of his own shadowin the shadow of知识要点6 scream v(因疼痛、惊恐、兴奋等)尖声大叫 教材 P63 The Challenger had exploded in midair and we all started screaming.“挑战者号”在半空中爆炸，我们都开始尖叫。例 1 He covered her mouth to stop her from screaming.他捂上她的嘴，不让她叫出声来。例 2 The kids were screaming with excitement.孩子们兴奋地喊叫着。造句 那个女人躺在那里，疼得直尖叫。Th
22、e woman lay there，screaming with pain.知识拓展scream with laughter 尖声大笑scream out for./to do 亟须；亟待let out a scream 发出尖叫声即学即练 单句语法填空Someone was screaming out help.These books scream out(include)in a list of favourites.forto be included知识要点7 suspend v暂停，中止；悬挂 教材 P63 Following the shock of the Challenger d
23、isaster，space shuttle flights were suspended for nearly three years while the cause of the disaster was investigated，and some of the shuttles components were redesigned.“挑战者号”灾难发生后，在调查灾难原因的同时，航天飞机的飞行暂停了近 3 年，航天飞机的一些部件也进行了重新设计。例 1 Production has been suspended while safety checks are carried out.在进行安
24、全检查期间生产暂停。例 2 Cancel or suspend is not allowed.不允许“取消”或“终止”。造句 这周工会暂停了罢工。The union suspended strike action this week.知识拓展(1)suspend sb.from sth.(尤指因为违反纪律)暂令某人停学或者停职(2)suspend sth.from sth./by sth.悬挂be suspended in sth.悬浮在中即学即练 单句语法填空Her body was found suspended a rope.A lamp was suspended the ceilin
25、g.Julie was suspended her job shortly after the incident.byfromfrom知识要点8 doubt n怀疑 v怀疑；疑惑 教材 P63 But there was never any doubt that manned flights would continue，and on 29 September 1988，the space shuttle programme resumed with the successful launch of Discovery.但载人飞行仍将继续，这一点毋庸置疑，1988 年 9 月 29 日，随着“
26、发现号”的成功发射，航天飞机项目又重新开始。例 1 There is some doubt about the best way to do it.这件事怎么做才是最佳办法有点吃不准。例 2 There is no doubt at all that we did the right thing.毫无疑问我们做得对。造句 毫无疑问他会同意这个计划。There is no doubt that he will agree to the plan.知识拓展(1)have doubt about/whether.怀疑have no doubt about/that.不怀疑There is no do
27、ubt that.毫无疑问(2)without doubtbeyond doubt 毫无疑问；一定地no doubt 肯定地；想必(3)doubtful adj.怀疑的在否定句和疑问句中，doubt 后跟 that 引导的宾语从句或同位语从句；在肯定句中，后接 whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句或 whether 引导的同位语从句。即学即练 单句语法填空I hope they will finish the project in time，but they themselves are very(doubt)that it will.I still doubt the price of
28、computers in the store will go down，but I will just wait and see.I never doubtspecial classes can help the gifted children to graduate earlier and take their place in life soon.doubtful thatwhether知识要点9 remind sb.that.使某人想起 教材 P63 The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us，reminding us that we must
29、 continue to reach for the stars，no matter how distant they might seem.“挑战者号”做出的牺牲呼唤着我们，提醒我们必须继续努力进行星空探索，不管它们看起来有多么遥远。例 1 Im sorry，Ive forgotten your name.Can you remind me?对不起，我忘了你的名字。提醒我一下好吗？例 2 Remind me to phone Alan before I go out.提醒我在出去之前给艾伦打电话。造句 请提醒他一到家就给我打电话。Please remind him to call me as
30、 soon as he gets home.知识拓展remind sb.to do sth.提醒某人做某事remind(sb.)that/how/what提醒(某人)其他“v.sb.of sth.”结构的短语还有：inform sb.of sth.通知某人某事rob sb.of sth.抢劫某人某物accuse sb.of sth.控告某人某事warn sb.of sth.警告某人某事cure sb.of sth.治愈某人某病convince sb.of sth.使某人相信某事即学即练 单句语法填空/完成句子Passengers(remind)that no smoking is allowe
31、d on this train.Reminded not(drive)after drinking，some drivers are still trying their luck，which is really dangerous.The result will help to predict some major and severe diseases and your preference for diet and(提示你合适的锻炼方式)to drive remind you of suitable ways to exerciseare remindedSentence Pattern
32、s重点句式1 形容词短语作状语 教材 P62 Millions watched that first lunar landing on black and white television sets，their hearts in their mouths，aware of how arduous and hazardous an undertaking it was，and of the many things that could go wrong.数以百万计的人在黑白电视机上观看了第一次登月，他们的心提到了嗓子眼儿，意识到这是一项多么艰巨和危险的任务，也意识到许多可能会出错的事情。句式分
33、析：句子中 aware of how arduous and hazardous an undertaking it was，and of the many things that could go wrong 是形容词短语作状语，来说明主语的状态。例 1 Seriously injured，some of the passengers were sent to the nearest hospital at once.伤势严重，一些乘客被立即送往了最近的医院。例 2 Brave，good and strong，Xiulian is the character we care about mo
34、st.我们最关心秀莲这个角色，她勇敢、善良而且坚强。造句 经过长途旅行，他们三个回到了家，又冷又饿。After the long journey，the three of them returned home，hungry and tired.知识拓展(1)形容词(短语)作状语时，说明句子主语的特点或处于某种状态。形容词(短语)作状语可以表示方式、原因或伴随状况等。(2)形容词(短语)作状语时，可位于句首、句末或句中，常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。如果用来修饰句子的谓语动词或整个句子，则应用副词作状语。翻译 1 既惊讶又高兴，托尼站起来接受了奖品。翻译 2 男孩满心恐惧地跑回家。即学即练 单句语
35、法填空(luck)，his mother was very patient，and dont give up trying to help him.She looked at me，happy and(satisfy)The boy ran home，full of fear.satisfiedLuckilySurprised and happy，Tony stood up and accepted the prize.重点句式2 no 比较级than 教材 P63 The world went into shock，most people having assumed that this s
36、pace flight would be no more dangerous thantravelling in an aeroplane.全世界陷入震惊，大多数人本来认为这次太空飞行会和乘普通飞机旅行一样安全。句式分析：“Ano more.than B”句式表示两者都不例 1 John is no better than Tom.约翰和汤姆都不好。例 2 Jack is no more diligent than Tom.杰克和汤姆都不勤奋。造句 我和你个子都不高。I am no taller than you.知识拓展(1)“no比较级than”结构表示该形容词或副词的相反含义，意思是“与
37、一样不”，如：no better than 意义上相当于 as bad as，no wiser than 意义上相当于 as stupid as，no richer than 相当于 as poor as，no bigger than 相当于 as small as。(2)not比较级than 含义是“不比怎么样”比如 not better than.不比好。(3)比较级的其他特殊表示方法：表示两者之中“较”，用 the比较级of the two。This one is the bigger of the two houses.这所房子是两座房子中较大的。定冠词或指示形容词比较级名词表示比较。
38、The taller boy is John.那个身高较高的男孩子是约翰。有少数以 ior 结尾的形容词，如 inferior(次于)，junior(地位低下的)，posterior(之后)，prior(之前)，senior(地位高)，superior(优于)等本身就有比较的意思，常与介系词 to 连用。This method is superior to that one.这种方法优于那种方法。(4)形容词比较级可以被副词如 a little(一点)，much(得多)，even(更加)，still(更加)，far(得多)等修饰，但不可用 very 修饰。Life is very much e
39、asier than it was twenty years ago.现在的生活比 20 年前简单得多了。翻译 1 这本书不如那本书有趣。翻译 2 这本书和那本书一样不令人感兴趣。即学即练 单句语法填空/完成句子He is senior me.Toms handwriting is(好得多)than yours.toThis book is not more interesting than that one.This book is no more interesting than that one.far/much/even betterMillions watched that firs
40、t lunar landing on black and white television sets，their hearts in their mouths，aware of how arduous and hazardous an undertaking it was，and of the many things that could go wrong.分析：本句的主干部分是 Millions watched that first lunar landing on black and white television sets，本句中独立主格结构是their hearts intheir
41、mouths，aware of how arduous and hazardous an undertaking it was，and of the many things that could go wrong 这部分也是作状语。and 是表示并列关系，而且后面省略了形容词 aware。译文：数以百万计的人在黑白电视机上观看了第一次登月，他们的心提到了嗓子眼，意识到这是一项多么艰巨和危险的任务，也意识到许多可能会出错的事情。教材高考 1.Guided by a computer that was much less powerful than the ones used by todays
42、average school students.(2017全国卷)Freddy was an average student，but not an average person.2.The Challenger had exploded in midair and we all started screaming.(2018全国卷)Unexpectedly，Im facetoface with the gorilla，who begins screaming at the top of her lungs.单句语法填空1Shall we go for a drink at one oclock
43、 this afternoon?Sorry，I can not makeWill two oclock be OK?2 spite of what has recently been done to provide more buses for the people，a shortage of public vehicles remains a problem.itIn3What about the two cars?This one is no(expensive)than that one，but the blue one uses less oil.4(assume)that the p
44、roposal is accepted，when are we going to get the money?5(accustom)to living in the countryside，Mr King found it hard to live in the city.6Hard my brother studied，he wasnt qualified enough for a good university.Accustomedmore expensiveas/thoughAssuming7She is a person accustomed to(have)eight hours s
45、leep a night.8Mary seems not(learn)the bad news，for she looks nice and happy.9The famous doctor is going to set about(perform)the operation，so please keep calm.10There is still some doubt the system will work even though all the factors have been considered.performinghavingto have learntwhether.短语填空
46、cast a shadow on；on board；set foot on；get accustomed to；tune in1Tom is having a hard time new surroundings in Australia.2The captain refused to leave his sinking ship while there were others getting accustomed toon board3More than six million youngsters to Blockbusters every day.4The misunderstandin
47、g their friendship.5No man has ever that rocky island；its impossible to land there.cast a shadow on set foot ontune in.课文语法填空Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot 1.the Moon back on 20 July 1969，people have become 2.(accustom)to the notion of space travel.All three astronauts made it 3.(safe)back
48、 to Earth，4.(use)a spaceship computer that was much less powerful 5.the ones used by the average school students today.By the time the Challenger took off in 1986，the world seemed to 6.(lose)its fear and wonder at the 7.(amaze)achievements of people going up have lostonaccustomedsafelyusingthanamazi
49、nginto space.But this was going to be a special flight and so 8.(million)of people tuned in to witness the take-off on TV.Sadly the Challenger had exploded in midair.It 9.(happen)so quickly and everyone was in a state of shock.In spite of all our advanced technology，the world is still only at 10.very beginning of its voyage into space.happenedmillionsthe点击右图进入 课 时 分 层 作 业 Thank you for watching!
