1、第8讲Pygmalion 语法篇_1.掌握动词过去分词作状语的用法；2.能够熟练运用非谓语中过去分词作状语。过去分词作状语:1. 过去分词修饰谓语动词作状语，常用来进一步说明谓语动词的动作发生时的背景或状况，其主语是过去分词之动作的承受者，即过去分词表示的动作不是句子的主语发出的，所以过去分词与主语之间是动宾关系，即被动关系。如：Filled with extraordinary strength, he raised himself. 他使出全身的力气站了起来。（filled with extraordinary strength表示主语“he”当时所处的状态）来源:学&科&网Surroun
2、ded by a group of young people, the old man felt happy. 身边围着一群年轻人，老人感到很高兴。（surrounded指主语“the old man”是该动作的承受者） 比较：The trainer appeared, followed by six little dogs. 训练员出现了，后面跟着六条小狗。（过去分词“followed”表示主语是该动作的承受者，即“the trainer”被“six little dogs”跟着）The trainer appeared, following six little dogs. 训练员跟在六条
3、小狗的后面出现了。（现在分词“following”表示主语是该动作的执行者，即“the trainer”跟着“six little dogs”）2. 现在分词和过去分词在句中可以作时间、原因、方式、伴随、条件、结果等状语。Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call.As I didnt receive any letter from him, I gave him a call.Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.If more attention was
4、given, the trees could have grown better. (条件)Walking along the street, I ran across my old friend.Bitten by a snake, he was taken to hospital. (原因)Though defeated, he didnt lose heart. (让步)He lay on the grass, looking into the sky. (伴随)He came running to tell me the good news. (方式)注意：1. 选择现在分词还是过去分
5、词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是由主句的主语发出，分词就用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。试比较：(Being) Used for a long time, the book looks old.由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。Using the book, I find it useful.在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用。2. 分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须和主句的主语一致，如果不一致，就用独立主格结构，即在分词前加上它的逻辑主语。现在分词的完成式主要用于作状语，一般不用作定语。1. (2019重庆高考) _ in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had
6、 a long, hard road to becoming a football star.A. Beingraised B. RaisingC. RaisedD. To raise答案: C解析: 本句考察的是过去分词作状语的用法。逻辑主语he与raise之间是被动关系，raise发生在谓语动作之前，所以选C。2. If _ for the job, you will be informed soon.A. to accept B. acceptC. acceptingD. Accepted答案: D解析: 本句考察的是过去分词作状语的用法。逻辑主语you与accept之间是被动关系，意为
7、如果你被这份工作接受了，你会很快被通知，所以选C。3. _ in painting, John didnt notice evening approaching.A. To absorb B. To be absorbedC. AbsorbedD. Absorbing答案: C解析: 本句考察的是过去分词作状语的用法。逻辑主语John与absorb之间的关系是被动关系，且发生在谓语动词之前，故选C。4. (2019天津高考) Clearly and thoughtfully_ , the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek
8、 their own answers.A. writingB. to writeC. writtenD. being written答案: C解析: 本句考察的是非谓语动词做状语的用法。句中动词write与句子逐渐与the book构成逻辑上的被动关系，所以使用过去分词表示被动。排除AB项，因为AB项都表示主动，D项是现在分词的被动形式，表示动作正在被做。而本句的过去分词written表示被动和已经完成。句义：被写得很清楚很周到，这本书激励着那些追求自己生活中的答案的学生。故C正确。5. (2019湖南高考) Video games can be a poor influence if _ i
9、n the wrong hands.A. leavingB. to leaveC. leaveD. Left答案: D解析: 本句考察的是过去分词做状语的用法。video games与leave之前是被动关系，故选D。基础演练1. Sarah, hurry up. Im afraid you wont have time to _ before the party.A. get changedB. get changeC. get changingD. get to change2. _ from the moon, the earth looks like a colorful ball.A
10、. SeeingB. SeenC. Having seenD. Having been seen3. _ among high trees, the house cant easily be seen.A. HiddenB. Hid C. Hide D. Hiding4. _, Tom is loved by all the people in the village.A. Being an honest man B. Being that he is an honest man C. He is an honest man D. An honest man being5. _ some of
11、ficials, Napoleon inspected his army.A . Followed B. Followed by C. Being followedD. Having been followedKey: 1-5 ABAAB巩固提高6. If _ green, the door might look more beautiful.A. paint B. painted C. painting D. to paint7. _ , liquids can be changed into gases.A. Heating B. To be heated C. Heated D. Hea
12、t8. When_, the museum will be open to the public next year.A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed9. _ deep down in the earth for thousands of years, the dead forest has rotted away and become coal.A. Buried B. Burying C. Having buriedD. Having been buried10. When I got home
13、, there was _, so I got angry.A. a little food to leave B. little food leftC. a little food leaving D. little food to leave11._ a reply, he decided to write again.A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received12. These are the facts _ by the school.A. to gather B. ga
14、thering C. gatheredD. to be gathered13. He got his shoes _ yesterday.A. to repair B. repairing C. being repairedD. repaired14. _ in the early 20th century，the school keeps on inspiring childrens love of art.A. To found B. Founding C. Founded D. Having founded15. I lived in a house _ by a lot of pine
15、 trees.A. surroundingB. to surround C. surrounded D. to be surroundedKey: 6-10 BCAAB 10-15 CCDCC1. My father encouraged me in my painting, but never liked to see any of my works _ in public.A. exhibiting B. exhibited C. having exhibitedD. being exhibited2. For breakfast he only drinks juice from fre
16、sh fruit _on his own farm.A. grownB. being grownC. to be grownD. to grow3. Every evening after dinner , if not _from work, I will spend some time walking my dog.A. being tiredB. tiringC. tiredD. to be tired4. _not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.A. Remindi
17、ng B. RemindedC. To remindD. Having reminded5. _by the advances in technology ,many farmers have set up wind farms on their land.A. Being encouraged B. Encouraging C. Encouraged D. Having encouraged6. _many times, he finally understood it.A. Told B. TellingC. Having told D. Having been told7. _the r
18、ight kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day grow into international stars.A. Giving B. Having givenC. To giveD. Given8. _ in thought , he almost ran into the car in front of him.A. Losing B. Having lostC. Lost D. To lose9. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to s
19、ee _ the next year.A. carry out B. carrying outC. carried out D. to carry out10. The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it.A. begins B. having begunC. beginning D. Begun11. No matter how frequently , the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world. A. Pe
20、rformed B. Performing C. to be performed D. being performed 12. The flowers his friend gave him will die unless every day. A. watered B. watering C. water D. to water 13. by a greater demand of vegetables , farmers have built more green houses. A. Driven B. Being driven C . To drive D. Having driven
21、 14. To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English as much as we can. A. speak B. speaking C. spoken D. to speak 15. It is one of the funniest things on the internet so far this year.A. finding B. being found C. to find D. foundKey: 1-5 BACBC 6-10 ADCCD 11-15 AAACD_一. 单项选择1. Ev
22、erything was out of order in the _ shop.A. robbed B. rob C. robbing D. have robbed2. This is a _ movie and everyone was _.A. moved, moving B. moved, moved C. moving, moved D. moving, moving3. They are very _ to see her _ face.A. pleasing, smiled B. pleasing, smiling C. pleased, smiled D. pleased, sm
23、iling4. Im very glad to see the problem _.A. settle B. settled C. being settled D. settling5. Im sorry to have kept you _ so long a time.A. wait B. to wait C. waited D. waiting6. When he got home, he found his pocket _ open and his wallet _.A. cut, stealing B. cut, stolen C. cutting, stealing D. cut
24、ting, stolen7. Thousands of peasants are up into the city _ vegetables, fruit and some other things every day.A. sell B. selling C. sold D. to be selling8. The old farmer had his leg _ but he had his tractors _ day and night.A. hurting, working B. hurting, worked C. hurt, working D. hurt, worked9. L
25、inda cant attend the party _ at Toms house at present because she is preparing a speech for the party _ at Maries house tomorrow.A. being held, to be held B. to be held, held C. held, being held D. to be held, to be held10. In April, 2009, President Hu inspected the warships in Qingdao, _the 60th an
26、niversary of the founding of PLA Navy.A. marking B. marked C. having marked D. being markedKey: 1-5 ACDBC 6-10 BCDAA二. 完形填空阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 That makes a child speak a language has long been a puzzle to linguists (语言学家). 1 speaking, there are two schools of l
27、inguists, both of 2 try to explain 3 a child picks up a language so easily. The fact that a child picks up a language 4 is surprising: at one year old, a child is able to 5 bye-bye; at two, he is able to use fifty words; by three he begins to 6 tenses. The famous American linguist Noam Chomsky 7 tha
28、t human beings have a sort of built-in system for language use, and that the 8 is only secondary. Children are not taught language 9 they are taught arithmetic. Other linguists, 10 , hold the view that a child learns 11 of his language from the hints in the environment. 12 , theorists of both school
29、s 13 that there is a biological basis for language and language use. The 14 is which is more important, the inner ability or the environment. This is certainly a field 15 to be explored. Researchers from both schools are busy finding evidence to 16 their own theory, but 17 side is persuading the oth
30、er. It seems that in order to 18 why a child learns a language so easily, we have to 19 the joint efforts of both schools. Some linguists, like De Villiers, have recognized the value of cooperation, and 20 linguists of both sides to work together.1. A. surprisingly B. personally C. properlyD. roughl
31、y2. A. them B. who C. whomD. which3. A. thatB. whenC whyD. how4. A. independentlyB. naturallyC. without helpD. with ease5. A. speakB. sayC. waveD. respond6. A. master B. study C. haveD. get7. A. doubts B. believesC. realizesD. criticizes8. A. helpB. teacherC. environmentD. hint9. A. asB. forC. whenD
32、. though10. A. in particularB. as a resultC. howeverD. therefore11. A. a littleB. someC.nothingD. most12. A. BeforeB. From now onC. Just nowD. By now13. A. suspectB. disagreeC. agreeD. realize14. A. case B. quarrelC. problem D. question15. A. waiting B. planning C. never D. unlikely16. A. provide B.
33、 create C. supplyD. support17. A. not a B. one C. neither D. either18. A. find out B. rule put C. search forD. look for19. A. get rid of B. trust in C. rely on D. persist in20. A. orderedB. criticizedC. challengedD. urgedKey: 1-5 DCCDB 6-10 ABCAC 11-15 DDCDA 16-20 DCACD 三. 阅读理解 I recently wrote an a
34、utobiography in which I recalled many old memories. One of them was from my school days, when our ninth grade teacher, Miss Raber, would pick out words from the Readers Digest to test our vocabulary. Today, more than 45 years later, I always check out It pays to Enrich your Word Power first when the
35、 Digest comes each month. I am impressed with that idea, word power. Readers Digest knows the power that words have to move people to entertain, inform, and inspire. The Digest editors know that the big word isnt always the best word. Take just one example, a Quotable Quote from the February 1985 is
36、sue: Time is a playful thing. It slips quickly and drinks the day like a bowl of milk. Seventeen words, only two of them more than one syllable, yet how much they convey! Thats usually how it is with Readers Digest. Small and simple can be profound. As chairman of a foundation to restore the Statue
37、of Liberty, Ive been making a lot of speeches lately. I try to keep them fairly short. I use small but vivid words: words like hope, guts, faith, dreams. Those am words that move people and say so much about the spirit of America. Dont get me wrong. Im not against using big words, when it is right t
38、o do so, but I have also learned that a small word can work a small miracle if its the right word, in the right place, at the right time. Its a secret that I hope I never forget.1. The passage is mainly about _.A. one of the many old memories B. using simple words to express profound ideasC. Readers
39、 Digest and school speeches D. how to make effective speeches2. It seems that Readers Digest is a magazine popular with _.A. people of all ages B. teenagers C. school teachers D. elderly readers3. The authors secret is _.A. to avoid using big words at any time B. to use words that have the power to
40、move peopleC. to work a miracle by using a small word D. to use small and simple words where possible4. According to the author, well-chosen words can give people _.A. hope, courage, and ideas B. confidence, determination, and strengthC. pleasure, knowledge, and encouragement D. entertainment, information, and powerKey: BACC
