1、虚拟语气的 “四种形式”及“三点注意”虚拟语气，作为日常交际应用中常常会出现的一种语言现象，一直是高考题几乎年年都要考到的一个热点。但对于中国学生来说，它又是一个难点。If there were no subjunctive mood, English _ much easier. A. will be B. would have been C. could have been D. would be 一、掌握虚拟语气的四种主要形式（1）条件从句+主句（2）几个常用虚拟语气的句型（3）wish, would rather, but for,otherwise,as if 及if only 的虚
2、拟形式（4）It is time that 的虚拟形式二、注意虚拟语气的三种活用现象（1）含蓄条件句 （2）时间错综句 （3）虚实错综句（1）条件从句+主句时间谓语动词的虚拟形式从句主句现在动词过去式（be 多用were）would / should / could / might + 动词原形过去had + 过去分词would / should / could / might + have + 过去分词将来动词过去式should + 动词原形were to + 动词原形would / should / could / might + 动词原形2) 虚拟条件句中有were, had, shou
3、ld时, 可把if省略,而把were, had, should放在主语前,用到装结构, 这种结构主要用于书面语中. 如:Were it necessary, I might resign.Had you informed me earlier, I would not have signed the contract.Should it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Summer Palace1.The rice _ if you had been more careful. A. would not be b
4、urning B. would not burn C. would not have burnt D. would not burnt2.If my lawyer _ here last Saturday, he _ me from going. A. had been ; would have prevented B. had been ; would prevent C. were ; would prevent D. were ; would have prevented3.I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she _ she woul
5、d have met my brother. A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come4._ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often. A. If it is not B. Were it not C. Had it not been D. If they have not5.You didnt let me drive. If we _ in turn, you _ so tired. A. drove ; didnt get B. drove ; wou
6、ldnt get C. were driving ; wouldnt get D. had driven ; wouldnt have got6.If she had worked harder, she _. A. would succeed B. had succeeded C. should succeed D. would have succeed7. If he _, he _ that food. Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. A. was warned ; would not take B. had been w
7、arned ; would not have taken C. would be warned ; had not taken D. would have been warned ; had not taken8.If it _ tomorrow, they would not go there by bike. A. will rain B. rains C. would rain D. should rain9._ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. A. Were B. Sh
8、ould C. Would D. Will10.If I _ you, I would not do it. A. am B. were C. shall be D. being（2）几个常用虚拟语气的句型1. 动词 + 宾语从句 一个坚持：insist; 两个命令：order, command; 三个建议：suggest, propose, advise; 四个要求：desire, demand, ask, require I propose that we (should) set a dead line for handing in the plans. I suggest that w
9、e (should) set off at once. I insisted that we (should) decide what to do with him.虚拟语气形式：(should) + 动词原形2. It is (was) + 上述动词的过去分词 + that 主语从句 It is demanded that he (should) leave at once. It is requested that she (should) give a performance at the party.3. It is (was) + important / necessary / be
10、tter / strange / surprising / natural / possible / a pity / no wonder + that 主语从句 It is best that he (should) set off at once. It is important that everybody (should) be told all the facts.4. order 等 + be + 表语从句 My advice is that we (should) send for a doctor. Our suggestion is that you (should) be
11、first to go. His only request is that you (should) give him more time.5. order 等 + 同位语从句 Do you know the order that you (should) keep watch?上述结构中常用的名词有：suggestion, order, proposal, plan, idea, command, request等。（但定语从句除外。The suggestion that our teacher gave us last night is that we shonld read more i
12、f we want to improve our English.另外：suggest 做暗示、表明讲时，insist做坚持认为讲时用陈述语气。The old man insisted that he was not old and should be back his position.His expression suggested he had passed the driving test.1.I insist that a doctor _ immediately. A. has been sent for B. sends for C. will be sent for D. be
13、 sent for2.It is suggested that the job _ done in another way. A. was B. was to be C. be D. must be3.He had an idea that we _ by bike. A. shall go B. go C. went D. would go4.My suggestion is that the meeting _ off till tomorrow. A. to put B. be put C. should put D. be putting5.The young man insisted
14、 that he _ nothing wrong and _ free. A. did ; set B. had done ; should be set C. do ; be set D. does ; would be set6.It is necessary that you _ present at the discussion. A. will be B. are C. should be D. would be7.The boss gave orders that the work _ at once. A. will be started B. must be started C
15、. be started D. should start8.The guard there insisted that everybody _ the rules. A. obeys B. obey C. will obey D. would obeywish, as if 以及 if only 的虚拟形式： 这几个词（词组）表虚拟时，其后所用的虚拟形式与条件从句基本相同，即此陈述语气中的时态后退一个时态。 随“时”变化的几种用法：时间谓语动词虚拟语气wish / as if / as though / if only 现在动词过去式（be 多用were）过去had + 过去分词将来would
16、 + 动词原形时间谓语动词虚拟语气would rather现在/将来动词过去式（be 多用were）过去had + 过去分词1.I wish I _ you yesterday. A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see2.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken3.Id rather that you _ there yesterday a
17、nd _ again next weekend. A. went ; should come B. should go ; had come C. had gone ; came D. go ; come4.The two strangers talked as if they _ friends for years. A. should be B. would be C. have been D. had been5. I blamed her yesterday. I would rather you _ that. A. didnt do B. hadnt done C. wouldnt
18、 do D. shouldnt do6. He is a very brave man. Yes. I wish I _ his courage. A. have B. had C. will have D. would haveIt is time that 的虚拟形式 It is time that It is high time that It is about time thatIt is time 还可以有其他句型形式，需注意辨析：It is time (for sb.) to do sth.It is time for sth. / doing sth.It is the firs
19、t time that (从句用陈述语气的现在完成时)1.It is high time you _ the bus. A. had caught B. caught C. will catch D. catch2.Its about time he _ to do the work. A. begins B. will begin C. begin D. began3. Its high time that we _ to school. A. would go B. went C. go D. will go4.It is time we _ up our results. A. sum
20、B. summed C. will sum D. would sum（一）、含蓄条件句 含蓄条件句就是虚拟条件暗含在短语或上下文中，从句不表现出来。这时，必须根据句中表述的意义以及某些特定的信息词，并依据前文所列举的四种现象，来判断此时须采用的形式。1.Without electricity, human life _ quite different today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be 2.Yesterday Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she _so
21、mething she would regret later. A. had said B. said C. might say D. might have said （二）、时间错综句 从句与主句或上下文所表述的时间不一致。在这种情况下，我们切不可照搬某种形式，而应该按照句中所表述的时间关系，再选择相应的虚拟形式。例如：If you had worked hard yesterday, you would be tired now.1.If the flower had been watered, it _ now. A. wouldnt die B. is dead C. had been
22、 dead D. will not die2.If his television set had not been stolen yesterday, he _ TV now. A. would watch B. would have watched C. would be watching D. is watching（三）、虚实错综句 所谓“虚实错综句”是指虚拟现象与客观事实错综交织在一起的句子。这就需要我们细心判断哪一处是虚拟语气，哪一处应使用陈述语气。1.They _ earlier, but the car wasnt ready. A. can have left B.may ha
23、ve left C. will have left D. might have left2. We could have walked to the station; it was so near. Yes. A taxi _ at all necessary. A. wasnt B. hadnt been C. wouldnt be D. wont be 五年高考1. If only he _quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. shoul
24、d lie2. How I wish every family _a large house with a beautiful garden.A. has B. had C. will have D. had had3. You did not let me drive. If we _in turn, you _ so tired A. drove; didnt get B. drove; wouldnt getC. were driving; wouldnt get D. had driven ; wouldnt have got4. _it rain tomorrow, we would
25、 have to put off the visit to the Yangpu BridgeA. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will5. I suggested the person _ to be put into prisonA. refers B. referring C. referred D. refer6. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it_A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken7. I
26、 insisted _to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing _ wrong with him A. on him to go; should be B. he went; be C. he go; was D. he should to; is8. -Your aunt invites you to the movies today-I had rather she _ me tomorrow than todayA. tells B. told C. would tell D. had told9. I was ill that day, othe
27、rwise I _ the sports meetA. would have taken part in B. took part in C. had taken part in D. would take part in 10. _the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easilyA. Had it not been for B. If it were notC. If it had not been for D. Were it not for11. If my lawyer _here last Sunday, he _ m
28、e from goingA. had been, would have prevented B. had been, would preventC. were, prevent D. were, would have prevented 12. _hard, he would have passed the examA. If he were to work B. Had he workedC. Should he work D. Were he to work13. Had you listened to the doctor, you _all right nowA. are B. wer
29、e C. would be D. would have been14. I did not see your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my brotherA. has come B. did come C. come D. had come15. He _busy yesterday, or he _you with your experiment.A. was, had helped B. was, would have helpedC. had been, would have helped D. were,
30、would have helped16. Without electricity, human life _quite difficult todayA. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be17. Mikes father, as well as his mother, insisted he _homeA. stayed B. could stay C. has stayed D. stay18. It was requested that the play _againA. should put on B. would put on C
31、. be put on D. put on19. She insisted that a doctor _ immediatelyA. had sent for B. send C. be sent for D. was sent20. If only I _my carA. hadnt lost B. wouldnt lose C. didnt lose D. havent lost21. But for water, it _impossible to live in the earthA. is B. would C. were D. wouldnt be22. I would rath
32、er you _anything about it for the time beingA. do B. didnt do C. dont D. didnt23. The kind-hearted couple treat the orphan very well as though he _ their own sonA. is B. were C. had been D. should be24. How the old people wish that they _young once moreA. were B. could become C. had been D. should b
33、e25. It is high time that we _ a meeting to discuss this problemA. hold B. held C. have held D. had held26. I wish that you _ such a bad headache because I am sure that you would have enjoyed the concertA. had not B. did not have had C. hadnt had D. hadnt have27. The chairman insisted that we _the q
34、uestion againA. will discuss B. to discuss C. should discuss D. will be discussed28. He requested that the students _them get in cropsA. help B. to help C. helped D. helping29. It is strange that he _back so earlyA. came B. will come C. had come D. should have come30. My suggestion is that the meeti
35、ng _off till nest SundayA. be put B. put C. should put D. had been put31. He is talking so much about America as if he _ thereA. had been B. has been C. was D. been32. I did not attend the lecture by Pro. Jackson. I _ but I _ all this morningA. would, have washed B. could, have been washingC. would
36、have, have been washing D. could have, had washing33. -How could I thank you enough? -Dont mention it. Any other man _itA. must do B. could do C. would have done D. should have done34. If the hurricane had happened during the day-time, _more deathsA. it would have been B. it would be C. there would
37、be D. there would have been35. We took a taxi to the airport. Otherwise we _lateA. would be B. were C. will be D. would have been36. What do you think his proposal that we _ a play at the English meetingA. had put on B. should put on C. have put on D. will put on37. I would rather you _at onceA. lea
38、ve B. will leave C. left D. should leave38. It is necessary that he _to the lab right nowA. come B. came C. would come D. is coming39. In case I _, I would try againA. will fail B. would miss C. should fail D. shall fail40. Without gravity, we _ able to walkA. were B. should be C. can be D. should n
39、ot be虚拟语气的 “四种形式”及“三点注意”虚拟语气，作为日常交际应用中常常会出现的一种语言现象，一直是高考题几乎年年都要考到的一个热点。但对于中国学生来说，它又是一个难点。If there were no subjunctive mood, English _ much easier. A. will be B. would have been C. could have been D. would be D一、掌握虚拟语气的四种主要形式（1）条件从句+主句（2）几个常用虚拟语气的句型（3）wish, would rather, but for,otherwise,as if 及if o
40、nly 的虚拟形式（4）It is time that 的虚拟形式二、注意虚拟语气的三种活用现象（1）含蓄条件句 （2）时间错综句 （3）虚实错综句（1）条件从句+主句时间谓语动词的虚拟形式从句主句现在动词过去式（be 多用were）would / should / could / might + 动词原形过去had + 过去分词would / should / could / might + have + 过去分词将来动词过去式should + 动词原形were to + 动词原形would / should / could / might + 动词原形2) 虚拟条件句中有were, had
41、, should时, 可把if省略,而把were, had, should放在主语前,用到装结构, 这种结构主要用于书面语中. 如:Were it necessary, I might resign.Had you informed me earlier, I would not have signed the contract.Should it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Summer Palace1.The rice _ if you had been more careful. A. would no
42、t be burning B. would not burn C. would not have burnt D. would not burnt2.If my lawyer _ here last Saturday, he _ me from going. A. had been ; would have prevented B. had been ; would prevent C. were ; would prevent D. were ; would have prevented3.I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she _ sh
43、e would have met my brother. A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come4._ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often. A. If it is not B. Were it not C. Had it not been D. If they have not5.You didnt let me drive. If we _ in turn, you _ so tired. A. drove ; didnt get B. drove
44、 ; wouldnt get C. were driving ; wouldnt get D. had driven ; wouldnt have got6.If she had worked harder, she _. A. would succeed B. had succeeded C. should succeed D. would have succeed7. If he _, he _ that food. Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. A. was warned ; would not take B. had
45、been warned ; would not have taken C. would be warned ; had not taken D. would have been warned ; had not taken8.If it _ tomorrow, they would not go there by bike. A. will rain B. rains C. would rain D. should rain9._ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. A. Were
46、 B. Should C. Would D. Will10.If I _ you, I would not do it. A. am B. were C. shall be D. being(CADCDDBDBB)（2）几个常用虚拟语气的句型1. 动词 + 宾语从句 一个坚持：insist; 两个命令：order, command; 三个建议：suggest, propose, advise; 四个要求：desire, demand, ask, require I propose that we (should) set a dead line for handing in the plans
47、. I suggest that we (should) set off at once. I insisted that we (should) decide what to do with him.虚拟语气形式：(should) + 动词原形2. It is (was) + 上述动词的过去分词 + that 主语从句 It is demanded that he (should) leave at once. It is requested that she (should) give a performance at the party.3. It is (was) + importan
48、t / necessary / better / strange / surprising / natural / possible / a pity / no wonder + that 主语从句 It is best that he (should) set off at once. It is important that everybody (should) be told all the facts.4. order 等 + be + 表语从句 My advice is that we (should) send for a doctor. Our suggestion is tha
49、t you (should) be first to go. His only request is that you (should) give him more time.5. order 等 + 同位语从句 Do you know the order that you (should) keep watch?上述结构中常用的名词有：suggestion, order, proposal, plan, idea, command, request等。（但定语从句除外。The suggestion that our teacher gave us last night is that we
50、shonld read more if we want to improve our English.另外：suggest 做暗示、表明讲时，insist做坚持认为讲时用陈述语气。The old man insisted that he was not old and should be back his position.His expression suggested he had passed the driving test.1.I insist that a doctor _ immediately. A. has been sent for B. sends for C. will
51、 be sent for D. be sent for2.It is suggested that the job _ done in another way. A. was B. was to be C. be D. must be3.He had an idea that we _ by bike. A. shall go B. go C. went D. would go4.My suggestion is that the meeting _ off till tomorrow. A. to put B. be put C. should put D. be putting5.The
52、young man insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ free. A. did ; set B. had done ; should be set C. do ; be set D. does ; would be set6.It is necessary that you _ present at the discussion. A. will be B. are C. should be D. would be7.The boss gave orders that the work _ at once. A. will be started B.
53、 must be started C. be started D. should start8.The guard there insisted that everybody _ the rules. A. obeys B. obey C. will obey D. would obey(DCBBBCCB)wish, as if 以及if only 的虚拟形式： 这几个词（词组）表虚拟时，其后所用的虚拟形式与条件从句基本相同，即此陈述语气中的时态后退一个时态。 随“时”变化的几种用法：时间谓语动词虚拟语气wish / as if / as though / if only 现在动词过去式（be
54、 多用were）过去had + 过去分词将来would + 动词原形时间谓语动词虚拟语气would rather现在/将来动词过去式（be 多用were）过去had + 过去分词1.I wish I _ you yesterday. A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see2.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken3.Id rather t
55、hat you _ there yesterday and _ again next weekend. A. went ; should come B. should go ; had come C. had gone ; came D. go ; come4.The two strangers talked as if they _ friends for years. A. should be B. would be C. have been D. had been5. I blamed her yesterday. I would rather you _ that. A. didnt
56、do B. hadnt done C. wouldnt do D. shouldnt do6. He is a very brave man. Yes. I wish I _ his courage. A. have B. had C. will have D. would have(CCCDBB)It is time that 的虚拟形式 It is time that It is high time that It is about time thatIt is time 还可以有其他句型形式，需注意辨析：It is time (for sb.) to do sth.It is time
57、for sth. / doing sth.It is the first time that (从句用陈述语气的现在完成时)1.It is high time you _ the bus. A. had caught B. caught C. will catch D. catch2.Its about time he _ to do the work. A. begins B. will begin C. begin D. began3. Its high time that we _ to school. A. would go B. went C. go D. will go4.It i
58、s time we _ up our results. A. sum B. summed C. will sum D. would sum(BDBB)（一）、含蓄条件句 含蓄条件句就是虚拟条件暗含在短语或上下文中，从句不表现出来。这时，必须根据句中表述的意义以及某些特定的信息词，并依据前文所列举的四种现象，来判断此时须采用的形式。1.Without electricity, human life _ quite different today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be 2.Yesterday Jane walked awa
59、y from the discussion. Otherwise, she _ something she would regret later. A. had said B. said C. might say D. might have said (DD)（二）、时间错综句 从句与主句或上下文所表述的时间不一致。在这种情况下，我们切不可照搬某种形式，而应该按照句中所表述的时间关系，再选择相应的虚拟形式。例如：If you had worked hard yesterday, you would be tired now.1.If the flower had been watered, i
60、t _ now. A. wouldnt die B. is dead C. had been dead D. will not die2.If his television set had not been stolen yesterday, he _ TV now. A. would watch B. would have watched C. would be watching D. is watching(AC)（三）、虚实错综句 所谓“虚实错综句”是指虚拟现象与客观事实错综交织在一起的句子。这就需要我们细心判断哪一处是虚拟语气，哪一处应使用陈述语气。1.They _ earlier,
61、but the car wasnt ready. A. can have left B.may have left C. will have left D. might have left2. We could have walked to the station; it was so near. Yes. A taxi _ at all necessary. A. wasnt B. hadnt been C. wouldnt be D. wont be (DA)五年高考1. If only he _quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not
62、suffer so much now.A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie2. How I wish every family _a large house with a beautiful garden.A. has B. had C. will have D. had had3. You did not let me drive. If we _in turn, you _ so tired A. drove; didnt get B. drove; wouldnt getC. were driving; wouldnt get D. had d
63、riven ; wouldnt have got4. _it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu BridgeA. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will5. I suggested the person _ to be put into prisonA. refers B. referring C. referred D. refer6. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it_A. brea
64、ks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken7. I insisted _to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing _ wrong with him A. on him to go; should be B. he went; be C. he go; was D. he should to; is8. -Your aunt invites you to the movies today-I had rather she _ me tomorrow than todayA. tells B. tol
65、d C. would tell D. had told9. I was ill that day, otherwise I _ the sports meetA. would have taken part in B. took part in C. had taken part in D. would take part in 10. _the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easilyA. Had it not been for B. If it were notC. If it had not been for D. Wer
66、e it not for11. If my lawyer _here last Sunday, he _ me from goingA. had been, would have prevented B. had been, would preventC. were, prevent D. were, would have prevented 12. _hard, he would have passed the examA. If he were to work B. Had he workedC. Should he work D. Were he to work13. Had you l
67、istened to the doctor, you _all right nowA. are B. were C. would be D. would have been14. I did not see your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my brotherA. has come B. did come C. come D. had come15. He _busy yesterday, or he _you with your experiment.A. was, had helped B. was, wou
68、ld have helpedC. had been, would have helped D. were, would have helped16. Without electricity, human life _quite difficult todayA. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be17. Mikes father, as well as his mother, insisted he _homeA. stayed B. could stay C. has stayed D. stay18. It was requested
69、that the play _againA. should put on B. would put on C. be put on D. put on19. She insisted that a doctor _ immediatelyA. had sent for B. send C. be sent for D. was sent20. If only I _my carA. hadnt lost B. wouldnt lose C. didnt lose D. havent lost21. But for water, it _impossible to live in the ear
70、thA. is B. would C. were D. wouldnt be22. I would rather you _anything about it for the time beingA. do B. didnt do C. dont D. didnt23. The kind-hearted couple treat the orphan very well as though he _ their own sonA. is B. were C. had been D. should be24. How the old people wish that they _young on
71、ce moreA. were B. could become C. had been D. should be25. It is high time that we _ a meeting to discuss this problemA. hold B. held C. have held D. had held26. I wish that you _ such a bad headache because I am sure that you would have enjoyed the concertA. had not B. did not have had C. hadnt had
72、 D. hadnt have27. The chairman insisted that we _the question againA. will discuss B. to discuss C. should discuss D. will be discussed28. He requested that the students _them get in cropsA. help B. to help C. helped D. helping29. It is strange that he _back so earlyA. came B. will come C. had come
73、D. should have come30. My suggestion is that the meeting _off till nest SundayA. be put B. put C. should put D. had been put31. He is talking so much about America as if he _ thereA. had been B. has been C. was D. been32. I did not attend the lecture by Pro. Jackson. I _ but I _ all this morningA. w
74、ould, have washed B. could, have been washingC. would have, have been washing D. could have, had washing33. -How could I thank you enough? -Dont mention it. Any other man _itA. must do B. could do C. would have done D. should have done34. If the hurricane had happened during the day-time, _more deat
75、hsA. it would have been B. it would be C. there would be D. there would have been35. We took a taxi to the airport. Otherwise we _lateA. would be B. were C. will be D. would have been36. What do you think his proposal that we _ a play at the English meetingA. had put on B. should put on C. have put
76、on D. will put on37. I would rather you _at onceA. leave B. will leave C. left D. should leave38. It is necessary that he _to the lab right nowA. come B. came C. would come D. is coming39. In case I _, I would try againA. will fail B. would miss C. should fail D. shall fail40. Without gravity, we _ able to walkA. were B. should be C. can be D. should not be答案1-5C B D B C 6-10 C C B AD 11-15A B CD B 16-20D D C C A 21-25C B B A B 26-30C C A D A 31-35AC CDD 36-40BCA C D
