1、2014高考英语阅读理解限时训练精品题（3）及答案Passage Nine (The Program-Federal Government Helps Minority Business) Federal efforts to aid minority businesses began in the 1960s when the Small Business Administration (SBA) began making federally guaranteed loans and government-sponsored management and technical assistan
2、ce available to minority business enterprises. While this program enabled many minority entrepreneurs to form new businesses, the results were disappointing, since managerial inexperience, unfavorable locations, and capital shortages led to high failure rates. Even 15 years after the program was imp
3、lemented, minority business receipts were not quite two percent of the national economys total receipts. Recently federal policymakers have adopted an approach intended to accelerate development of the minority business sector by moving away from directly aiding small minority enterprises and toward
4、 supporting large, growth-oriented minority firms through intermediary companies. In this approach, large corporations participate in the development of successful and stable minority businesses by making use of government-sponsored venture capital. The capital is used by a participating company to
5、establish a Minority Enterprise Small Businesses that have potential to become future suppliers of customers of the sponsoring company. MESBICs are the result of the belief that providing established firms with easier access to relevant management techniques and more job-specific experience, as well
6、 as substantial amounts of capital, gives those firms a greater opportunity to develop sound business foundations than does simply making general management experience and small amounts of capital available. Further, since potential markets for the minority businesses already exist through the spons
7、oring companies, the minority businesses face considerably less risk in terms of location and market fluctuation. Following early financial and operating problems, sponsoring corporations began to capitalize MESBICs far above the legal minimum of $500,000 in order to generate sufficient income and t
8、o sustain the quality of management needed. MESBICs are now emerging as increasingly important financing sources for minority enterprises. Ironically, MESBIC staffs, which usually consist of Hispanic and Black professionals, tend to approach investments in minority firms more pragmatically than do m
9、any MESBIC directors, who are usually senior managers from sponsoring corporations. The latter often still think mainly in terms of the social responsibility approach and thus seem to prefer deals that are riskier and less attractive than normal investment criteria would warrant. Such differences in
10、 viewpoint have produced uneasiness among many minority staff members, who feel that minority entrepreneurs and businesses should be judged by established business considerations. These staff members believe their point of view is closer to the original philosophy of MESBICs and they are concerned t
11、hat, unless a more prudent course if followed, MESBIC directors may revert to policies likely to re-create the disappointing results of the original SBA approach.1.Which of the following best states the central idea of the passage?A The use of MESBICs for aiding minority entrepreneurs seems to have
12、greater potential for success than does the original SBA approach.There is a crucial difference in point of view between the staff and directors of some MESBICs.C After initial problems with management and marketing, minority businesses have begun to expand at a steady rate.D Minority entrepreneurs
13、wishing to form new businesses now have several equally successful federal programs on which to rely.2.According to the passage, the MESBIC approach differ s from the SBA approach in that MESBICs A seek federal contracts to provide market for minority businesses.Encourage minority businesses to prov
14、ide markets for other minority businesses.C Attempt to maintain a specified rate of growth in the minority business sector.D Rely on the participation of large corporations to finance minority businesses.3.Which of the following statements about the SBA program can be inferred from the passage?A The
15、 maximum term for loans made to recipient businesses was 15 years.Business loans were considered to be more useful to recipient businesses than was management and technical assistance.C The anticipated failure rate for recipient businesses was significantly lower than the rate that actually resulted
16、.D Recipient businesses were encouraged to relocate to areas more favorable for business development.4.The author refers to the financial and operating problems encountered by MESBICs primarily in order toA broaden the scope of the discussion to include the legal considerations of funding MESBICs th
17、rough sponsoring companies.call attention to the fact that MESBICs must receive adequate funding in order to function effectively.C show that sponsoring companies were willing to invest only $500,000 of government-sponsored venture capital in the original MESBICs.D Compare SBA and MESBIC limits on m
18、inimum funding.5.It can be inferred from the passage that the attitude of some MESBIC staff member toward the investments preferred by some MESBIC directors can be best described asA disappointing.Indifferent.C Shocked.D Defensive.Vocabulary1.implement 执行，履行2.growth-oriented 增长潜力的，有发展性的3.intermediar
19、y company 中介公司，中间公司4.venture capital 风险资本5.entrepreneur 企业家，创业者6.fluctuation 波动，涨落，起伏7.pragmatically 实用地难句译注1. Even 15 years after the program was implemented minority business receipts were not quite two percent of the national economys total receipts.【参考译文】甚至在这个计划执行后15年，少数民族工业的收入还不到全国总收入的2。2. Rece
20、ntly federal policy makers have adopted an approach intended to accelerate development of the supporting large, growth oriented minority firms through intermediary companies.【参考译文】最近，联邦决策者采取一项措施，旨在加速少数民族工商业的发展，他们不再直接帮助小型的少数民族企业，而是转向通过中间公司来支持规模较大、有发展潜力的少数民族公司。3. By making use of government-sponsored
21、venture capital.利用政府资助的风险资本。4. The MESBIC then provides capital and guidance to minority businesses that have potential to become future suppliers or customers of the sponsoring company.【参考译文】然后再由MESBIC向那些少数民族企业提供资金、进行指导。这些企业是有成为赞助公司的未来供应商或客户的潜力的。5. MESBIC minority enterprise small business investme
22、nt company 少数民族小型企业投资公司。6. MESBICs are the result of the belief that providing established firms with easier access to relevant management techniques and more job-specific experience, as well as substantial amounts of capital, gives those firms a greater opportunity to develop sound business foundat
23、ions than does simply making general management experience and small amounts of capital available.【参考译文】MESBIC的建立基于这种信念：为已建公司提供方便，使它更容易获得相关的管理技术更具体的工作经验以及大笔资金要比简单地给予一般管理经验和小笔资金更能使它们获得机会去建立稳固的商业基础。7. The latter often still think mainly in terms of the social responsibility approach and thus seem to p
24、refer deals that are riskier and less attractive than normal investment criteria would warrant.【参考译文】后者高级经理们在有大多数情况下，仍然常常从“社会责任的角度”来考虑问题，因此，他们似乎更倾向于选择那些比正常投资标准更具风险性，而不太引人注目的项目。写作方法与文章大意 文章主要采用因果以及对比的写作方法。先点出SBA计划联邦政府对少数民族去也的赞助（）的失败及其原因。 为此，联邦决策者改变方法，通过中介公司，建立MESBIC。由它来帮助少数民族企业使其获得相应的管理技术、具体工作经验和大量资金
25、，甚至潜在的市场取得了成功。 可内部存在问题，MESBIC的职工和领导者之间的意见分歧，职工的投资观点更切实际，而领导者仍从“社会责任的角度”来考虑问题，若不改变，有可能重蹈SBA之覆辙。答案详解1. A 运用MESBIC来帮助少数民族企业似乎比原来SBA的方法更具成功的可能性。文章一开始就点名SBA（小型企业管理局）向少数民族企业提供联邦保证贷款，政府资助管理和技术方面的帮助，结果令人失望。组建成的少数民族新企业由于管理上缺乏经验、地点不佳、资金短缺而导致失败的情况很多。其他见难句译注1、2、3。总之在MESBIC支持下：为它的潜在市场提供大量资金等，使它们在地点和市场流通方面风险小的多，从
26、而带来足够的收入和保持所需的管理质量。这一切都说明MESBIC比SBA的成功可能性大。B.MESBIC中的领导者和职工方面在观点上有着至关重要的分歧。C.经历了早期管理和市场问题后，少数民族企业已开始稳步发展。D.希望组建新公司的少数民族企业家已有好几个成功的联邦计划可依靠。2. D 依靠打工四向少数民族企业投资。见第二段第二句：大公司利用政府资助的风险资本参与成功而又稳固的少数民族企业的发展。参与的大公司用这笔资金建立了“少数民族小型企业投资公司”（MESBIC）A.寻求为少数民族企业提供市场联邦合同。B.鼓励少数民族企业为其他少数民族企业提供市场。C.试图在少数民族部门保持特定的增长率。3
27、. C 预期加入SBA项目中的公司的失败率比实际失败率低得多。文内没有直接点出，而是从（见第一题注释）SBA帮助的企业失败率很高令人失望，从而推断C项结论。A.给企业贷款最高期限为15年。B.商业贷款对企业来说远笔管理和技术帮助重要。D.鼓励接受贷款企业重新寻找利于企业发展的地区。4. B 为的是引人注意这一实际情况：MESBIC必须取得足够的资金才能有效地运转。这在第三段最后一句：在经历了早期财政和运行问题后，赞助公司给MESBIC注入的资金远远超过了50万美元的法定最低限额，以获得足够的收入并保持所需的管理质量。MESBIC现在正成为日益重要的少数民族企业的资金来源。这说明没有足够的资金是
28、难以有效运转的。A.扩大讨论范围以包括通过赞助公司投资MESBIC的合理性。C.表明赞助公司愿意在原来的MESBIC只投资50万政府资助的风险资本。D.对比SBA和MESBIC最低投资限额。5. A 失望。文章最后一段MESBIC的职工一般是拉美和黑人专业人员在少数民族公司的投资上比MEBSIC的领导者更切实际。这些高级经理从社会责任角度看问题，会选择更具风险性，不太吸引人的项目。观点分歧使许多少数民族职工感到不安，他们认为应以公司的业务爆出来评价少数民族企业家及其企业。者充分说明MEBSIC的职工对领导所青睐的投资项目不满意和失望。B.漠不关心。C.震惊。D.持保留态度。阅读下列短文，从每题
29、所给的A.B.C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AMy newly-rented small apartment was far away from the centre of London and it was becoming essential for me to find a job, so finally I spent a whole morning getting to town and putting my name down to be considered by London Transport for a job on the underground. T
30、hey were looking for guards, not drivers. This suited me. I couldnt drive a car but thought that I could probably guard a train, and perhaps continue to write my poems between stations. The writers Keats and Chekhov had been doctors. T.S. Eliot had worked in a bank and Wallace Stevens for an insuran
31、ce company. Id be a subway guard. I could see myself being cheerful, useful, a good man in a crisis. Obviously Id be overqualified but I was willing to forget about that in return for a steady income and travel privileges those being particularly welcome to someone living a long way from the city ce
32、ntre.The next day I sat down, with almost a hundred other candidates, for the intelligence test. I must have done all right because after about half an hours wait I was sent into another room for a psychological test. This time there were only about fifty candidates. The interviewer sat at a desk. C
33、andidates were signaled forward to occupy the seat opposite him when the previous occupant had been dismissed, after a greater or shorter time. Obviously the long interviews were the more successful ones. Some of the interviews were as short as five minutes. Mine was the only one that lasted a minut
34、e and a half.I can remember the questions now: “Why did you leave your last job?” “Why did you leave your job before that?” “And the one before that?” I cant recall my answers, except that they were short at first and grew progressively shorter. His closing statement, I thought, revealed a lack of s
35、ensitivity which helped to explain why as a psychologist, he had risen no higher than the underground railway. “Youve failed the psychological test and we are unable to offer you a position.”Failing to get that job was my low point. Or so I thought, believing that the work was easy. Actually, such j
36、obs being a postman is another one I still desire demand exactly the sort of elementary yet responsible awareness that the habitual dreamer is least qualified to give. But I was still far short of full self-understanding. I was also short of cash.1The writer applied for the job chiefly because _.Ahe
37、 wanted to work in the centre of London Bhe could no longer afford to live without oneChe was not interested in any other available job Dhe had received some suitable training2The writer thought he was overqualified for the job because _.Ahe often traveled undergroundBhe had written many poemsChe co
38、uld deal with difficult situations Dhe had worked in a company3The length of his interview meant that _.Ahe was not going to be offered the job Bhe had not done well in the intelligence testChe did not like the interviewer at all Dhe had little work experience to talk about4What does the writer real
39、ize now that he did not realize then?AHow unpleasant ordinary jobs can be. BHow difficult it is to be a poet.CHow unsuitable he was for the job.DHow badly he did in the interview.5Whats the writers opinion of the psychologist?A. He was very aggressive. B. He was unhappy with his job.C. He was quite
40、inefficient. D. He was rather unsympathetic.【参考答案】15、BCACD 阅读理解-BA woman renewing her drivers license at the County Clerks office was asked to state her occupation. She hesitated, uncertain how to classify herself. “What I mean is,” explained the recorder, “do you have a job, or are you just a ”“Of
41、course I have a job,” said Emily. “Im a mother.”“We dont list mother as an occupation housewife covers it,” said the recorder.One day I found myself in the same situation. The clerk was obviously a career woman, confident and possessed of a high sounding title“What is your occupation?” she asked. Th
42、e words simply popped out. “Im a Research Associate in the field of Child Development and Human Relations.”The clerk paused, ballpoint pen frozen in midair.I repeated the title slowly, and then I stared with wonder as my statement was written in bold, black ink on the official questionnaire.“Might I
43、 ask,” said the clerk with new interest, “Just what you do in this field?”Coolly, without any trace of panic in my voice, I heard myself reply, “I have a continuing program of research (what mother doesnt）, in the lab and in the field (normally I would have said indoors and out). Of course, the job
44、is one of the most demanding in the humanities (any mother care to disagree?), and I often work 14 hours a day (24 is more like it). But the job is more challenging than most careers and rewards are more of a satisfaction rather than just money.”There was an increasing note of respect in the clerks
45、voice as she completed the form, stood up, and showed me out. As I drove into our driveway, buoyed up (依托) by my glamorous new career, I was greeted by my lab assistants-ages 13, 7, and 3.Upstairs I could hear our new experimental model (a 6 month old baby), in the child-development program, testing
46、 out a new vocal patternI felt proud! I had gone on the official records as someone more distinguished and indispensable (不可缺少的) to mankind than “just another mother.”MotherhoodWhat a glorious career! Especially when theres a title on the door.6. What can we infer from the conversation between the w
47、oman and the recorder at the beginning of the passage?A. The woman felt ashamed to admit what her job was.B. The recorder was impatient and rude.C. The author was upset about the situation that mothers faced.D. Motherhood was not recognized and respected as a job by society.7. How did the female cle
48、rk feel at first when the author told her occupation?A. curious B. puzzled C. indifferent D. interested8. How did the author feel when describing her job to the clerk?A. calm B. panic-stricken C. confident D. cool9. Why did the woman clerk show more respect for the author?A. Because the author cared
49、 little about rewards.B. Because she admired the authors research work in the lab.C. Because she thought the author did admirable work.D. Because the writer did something she had little knowledge of.10. What is the authors purpose of writing the passage?A. To show how you describe your job affects your feelings toward it.B. To argue that motherhood is a worthy career and deserves respect.C. To show that the author had a grander job than Emily.D. To show that being a mother is hard and boring work. 【参考答案】610、DBACB
