1、课时作业.阅读理解(2020“皖豫联盟体”高中毕业班第一次考试)Do you know that junk food isnt healthy? Of course you do! Do you eat it anyway? Of course you do! But a new study shows teaching adolescents about the ways food companies fool them into thinking junk food is cool can encourage kids to fight backby eating healthier.Th
2、e pull of junk food can be superstrong. Its designed to be tasty, which makes eating well one of the great health challenges of our time. Everyone from doctors to the government has been trying to handle it. Yet we keep eating junk food.Professor Christopher Bryan says, “Food companies want you to w
3、ant junk food.” They spend millions of dollars coming up with new ways to promote junk food consumption. They hire scientists to make new junk food almost irresistible. They might do this, for example, by adding more sugar. Rats fed junk food for six weeks will even walk across a floor that gives th
4、em electric shocks just to get more of such food.Food ads often make unhealthy junk food seem healthy by featuring professional athletes, fitlooking pop stars and smiling, active teens. “We thought when the students learned this, it would matter to them，” Bryan says. He worked with 8th graders at a
5、Texas school. Half of them got a lesson Bryan created. It focused on the ways junk food is advertised, or marketed. A second group received lessons that focused on health. These lessons informed students junk food is bad, and that foods like apples or carrots are a better choice. The students learne
6、d a bad diet can lead to major weight gain，and that being overweight puts people at risk for serious diseases. They also learned how eating well now can keep you healthy when youre older.After the lessons, the kids in both groups were asked how they felt about junk food. Most didnt have positive fee
7、lings about these unhealthy foods.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。研究表明：让青少年了解食品公司的推销方式比单纯告诉他们垃圾食品的危害更能让他们选择健康的饮食。1Why does the author mention the questions in Paragraph 1?ATo express his doubts about junk food.BTo promote the idea of healthy eating.CTo describe the situation of junk food.DTo introduce the topic for d
8、iscussion.答案：D推理判断题。通读全文内容可以推断，文章第一段中提及那两个问题是为了引出本文要讨论的话题。2What remains a great health challenge to doctors?AMaking people do more exercise.BMaking people eat healthily.CMaking people lose weight.DMaking people prefer junk food.答案：B细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“Its designed to be tasty, which makes eating well on
9、e of the great health challenges of our time. Everyone from doctors to the government has been trying to handle it.”可知，垃圾食品很美味，这使吃得好成为一个巨大的健康挑战，从医生到政府每一个人都一直在努力应对这一挑战。由此可知，对医生而言，让人们吃得健康依然是一个巨大的挑战。3What message does Paragraph 3 mainly try to convey?AWhat makes junk food almost impossible to resist.BW
10、hat influences junk food can have on consumers.CHow food companies try to get people to reach for junk food.DWhy food companies promote the consumption of junk food.答案：C推理判断题。文章第三段中先提到“食品公司想要消费者吃垃圾食品”，紧接着说到“他们(食品公司)花巨资想办法推广垃圾食品，聘请科学家制作令人无法抗拒的垃圾食品”，接着还举例说“他们可能会往垃圾食品中添加更多的糖”。由此可以推断，作者在本段主要是想告诉读者，食品公司是
11、如何想方设法让人们去吃垃圾食品的。4Which of the following words can best describe Bryans lessons? AShocking. BPopular.CEffective. DAbstract.答案：C推理判断题。文章第四段主要介绍Bryan给德克萨斯州的一所学校的八年级学生们上的课。根据文章最后一段“After the lessons, the kids in both groups were asked how they felt about junk food. Most didnt have positive feelings abo
12、ut these unhealthy foods.”可知，课后当这些孩子被问及他们对垃圾食品的看法时，大多数人对这些不健康的食品都持负面的看法。由此可以推断，Bryan的课是有效的。(2019全国卷)During the rosy years of elementary school (小学), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens,
13、 and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.Popularity is a wellexplored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the p
14、opular into two categories：the likable and the status seekers. The likables playswellwithothers qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jumpstart interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then theres the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence
15、：status born of power and even dishonorable behavior.Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr Prinsteins studies show unpleasant consequences. Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are “most likely to engage (从事) in dangerous and ris
16、ky behavior.”In one study, Dr Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys (调查研究). “We found that the least wellliked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. B
17、ut so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us.”Dr Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play datesharing, kindness, opennesscarry over to late
18、r years and make you better able to relate and connect with others.In analyzing his and other research, Dr Prinstein came to another conclusion：Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. “Being liked creates opportunities for learnin
19、g and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage，” he said.篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。文章从社会心理学视角讨论青少年小学与中学阶段的成长经历，论述了个体受欢迎程度这一青少年心理健康话题。5What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school?AUnkind. BLonely.CGenerous. DCool.答案：C推理判断题。根据题干中的关键词“early years of elemen
20、tary school”可定位到第一段第一句，根据句意和sharing一词可推知，作者上小学的时候是一个慷慨大方的人，故选C项。6What is the second paragraph mainly about?AThe classification of the popular.BThe characteristics of adolescents.CThe importance of interpersonal skills.DThe causes of dishonorable behavior.答案：A段落大意题。根据第二段第二句可知，Dr Prinstein，一位临床心理学教授将受
21、欢迎的人分为两类，第三句和第四句分别用“The likables .”和“Then theres the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence .”引出后文内容，恰恰就是介绍了受欢迎的两类人：讨人喜欢型和追求地位型。同时本段第二句中的关键词sort . into . (把分成)与A项中的classification相呼应，所以A项可以概括本段大意。7What did Dr Prinsteins study find about the most liked kids?AThey appeared to be aggressive.BThe
22、y tended to be more adaptable.CThey enjoyed the highest status.DThey performed well academically.答案：B推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句中的“It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment”可知，Dr Prinstein的研究发现，最讨人喜欢的孩子往往适应性强。B项中的adaptable与第四段中的adjustment相呼应。故选B项。8What is the best title for the text
23、?ABe NiceYou Wont Finish LastBThe Higher the Status, the BetterCBe the BestYou Can Make ItDMore SelfControl, Less Aggressiveness答案：A标题判断题。根据最后一段第一句可知，本文主要介绍了研究者发现讨人喜欢与积极的人生结果有关，因此A项作为标题最合适。.七选五(2020安徽六校教育研究会高三第一次素质测试)Everyone is aware that taking good care of our bodies can prevent many medical prob
24、lems from occurring later. However, we often have less awareness of preventative actions we should take to help with mental health problems. While our mental health may be fine right now, many of us will struggle at some point. _1_ Its impossible to get through life without challenges, but our menta
25、l health prevention habits can help us get through difficult times. _2_Keep active. The more active you physically, mentally and socially are, the higher the level of your mental wellness is likely to be. So go for walks and learn something new. There are many other ways to be active. _3_Be connecte
26、d. Regular involvement in social activities with supportive friends and family improves your ability to handle disappointments, and everything else life throws at you. _4_ But you can be involved in any manner; even volunteering for an organization can help you be more social._5_ The nature of these
27、 activities varies widely from person to person. The key is to identify what gives your life meaning. Volunteering, coaching, teaching, etc. all can contribute to increasing your sense of confidence and satisfaction with life. Many activities can address more than one. The key is to make a plan and
28、stick with it. If you are already struggling, begin to practice these ways to help your recovery.AHere are three practical steps.BHowever, good mental health is important.CStresses, disappointments and disasters happen.DOvercome lifes challenges before they happen.EBe committed to activities that gi
29、ve life meaning.FThe key is to find what keeps you motivated and interested.GThis can be difficult when you move to a new town or as you get older.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了三个心理健康预防习惯，帮助我们度过困难时期。1C根据上文“虽然我们的心理健康现在可能很好，但我们中的许多人都会在某种情况下挣扎。”以及下文“生活中不可能没有挑战，但是我们的心理健康预防习惯可以帮助我们度过困难时期。”可知，某种情况就是我们面对的挑战。C项：压力、失望和
30、灾难总会发生，承上启下。故选C。2A根据上下文可知，要具体介绍心理健康预防习惯，A项：这里有三个实用步骤，符合语境。故选A。3F根据上文可知，要有自己的活跃方式，F项：关键是找到让你保持动力和兴趣的东西，承接上文。故选F。4G根据上下文可知，G项：当你搬到一个新的城镇或随着年龄的增长，这可能会很困难，承上启下。该项中的this指的是上文内容；而设空下句中的But与该项构成转折。故选G。5E本句应为祈使句结构并且是本段中心句；根据下文“这些活动的性质因人而异。”可知，此段讲活动意义的重要性，E项：致力于那些赋予生活意义的活动，引起下文。故选E。.语法填空(2018全国卷)According to
31、 a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years _1_ (long) than nonrunners. You dont have to run fast or for long _2_ (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of _3_ (die) early by running.While running regularly cant make you live foreve
32、r, the review says it _4_ (be) more effective at lengthening life _5_ walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 _6_ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all _7_ (cause)The be
33、st exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise . its probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to _8_ (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and its always _9_ (energy). If you are time poo
34、r, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give _10_ a try.1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了跑步的好处帮助人们延年益寿。1longer考查副词的比较级。医学报告显示：经常跑步的人比不跑步的人多活3年。根据空格后的than可知用比较级，故填longer。2to see考查非谓语动词。你不用跑得多快或时间多长就能看到它的好处。此处不定式作目的状语，故填to
35、 see。3dying考查非谓语动词。你也许喝酒、吸烟或超重，但仍然可以通过跑步减少早亡的风险。此处of是介词，其后用动名词。故填dying。4is考查动词的时态。医学报告显示：跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。这里叙述的是一个事实，用一般现在时。故填is。5than考查比较句型。根据空格前的more effective可知，此处填than。6that/which考查定语从句的引导词。此处a study是先行词，指物，且关系词在定语从句中作主语，故填that或which。7causes考查名词。一项研究表明，仅仅每天5到10分钟的跑步，就能降低各种原因导致的心脏病和早亡的风险。根据句意
36、可知用复数形式，故填causes。8strengthen考查词性转换。锻炼以增强你腿上的肌肉。此处to是不定式符号，其后用动词原形。故填strengthen。9energetic考查词性转换。跑步总是让人充满活力。根据空格前的its可知，系动词后用形容词作表语。故填energetic。10it/running考查代词。或许我们都应该试试跑步。此处give it a try意为“试试”。.书面表达(2019甘肃省静宁一中高三一模)假定你是李华，计划申请去英国的一所学校学习，希望你的英国朋友Tony帮忙推荐学校，请给他写封邮件，内容包括：1自我情况介绍；2期望推荐学校；3表示感谢。注意：词数100
37、左右。 精彩范文Dear Tony，How is everything going? Im planning to study in the UK, but I have no idea which school I should choose. Could you give me some advice?I do well in listening and reading but have trouble in writing and speaking. So are there any schools aiming at improving students writing and spe
38、aking abilities? Whats more, I dont want to study all the time. Its boring. I prefer a school that can offer some courses in sailing, volleyball, boating or other sports besides language study. I would appreciate it if you could offer some suggestions.Looking forward to your early reply.Yours，Li Hua
