1、专题限时检测(十七)阅读理解之社会现象类(共3篇，限时23分钟)A(2014湖北八校第二次联考)A white child sold a pack of cannabis (大麻) at his local high school. A black child did a parttime job like this in his local neighborhood. When caught, both of them were firsttime violators (违反者). And then the white child walked into juvenile (青少年的) co
2、urt with his family, an excellent lawyer and insurance. The black child walked into court with his dad, no lawyer and no insurance. The grand justice let the white child leave with his family. Besides, he was placed in a wellcondition treatment program. The black child had no choice. He was under re
3、straint (限制)Generally speaking, what we have mentioned above happened more and more often in the juvenilecourt system. Minority youths who were caught on violent affairs were more than 5 times as white youths to be sent out of the juvenile justice system and tried (审判) as adults, according to a stud
4、y released last week by The New York Times. Once minority children were in adult courts, young black violators were 20 times more likely to be put into prison. “Discrimination against minority children develops at every stage of the justice system and it is going to skyrocket when young criminals ar
5、e judged as adult criminals，” said Mr.Din.Low age crime dropped from its peak in the early 2000s. In the past six years, 33 states have passed new laws that made it easier to try juveniles as adults. In New York and Mississippi in 1996, all the young criminals in prison were minorities. In fact, mos
6、t of the children who were tried as adults should not be treated like that.Instead, adult prisons were a hell to juveniles. Adult prisoners were 10 times more likely to commit killing people and 7 times more likely to be about sexual abuse. Jim King Cary, a spokesman, a reform group in Washington D.
7、 C， said once they got out, they were going to commit more and more violent crimes. The system, in fact, was training career criminals. And it was doing its great harm to minorities.1From the beginning we learn that_.Athe white child is as lucky as the black childBthe grand justice treated the white
8、 child and the black child differentlyCthe white child has been forgiven by the societyDthe black child should be put into prison2According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?AChildren can be tried as adults under special condition.BBlack children are more likely to commit crimes.CDiscri
9、mination does exist in the justice system.DGovernments shouldnt pass the laws immediately.3The underlined word “skyrocket” in Paragraph 2 means “_”Aexpand widelyBdrop immediatelyCspread quickly Drise suddenly4It can be inferred from the last paragraph that_.Ayoung criminals in adult prisons lived a
10、better lifeBjuveniles were killed or abused in adult prisonsCjuveniles were likely to become career criminalsDmore and more juveniles were reformed by the systemB(2014仙桃调研)As the longer life and rapid decrease in the laborage population are expected, extending the retirement age is a wise choice for
11、 the government. This is why at the Third Plenum (全会) of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China it was agreed that there should be a study on the subject.It is undoubtedly necessary for the government to adjust its policies to meet the challenge of an increasingly aging society.
12、According to the government, Chinas senior citizens above the age of 60 will reach 200 million, about 14.8 percent of the population, by the end of this year, and the figure is expected to grow to 248 million by the year of 2020 and more than 400 million by 2050, when they will account for 30 percen
13、t of the population. Meanwhile, extending the retirement age will result in several benefits slowing the rapid increase of the retired, reducing the rapid decline in experienced workers and keeping the laborage population at a considerable size for stable economic development. However, before the po
14、licy is drawn up there will need to be thorough research, so there can be careful consideration of the interests of all parties to make sure that the new policy does not harm the interests of workers in different jobs.There are 112 million workers who do heavy physical labor and may not be willing t
15、o put off their retirement to a later age. And the opinions of government employees and other whitecollar workers will also need to be listened to before a policy is introduced to extend their retirement to a later age.No doubt it will be impossible to please all, but it should be possible to make t
16、he policy acceptable to the most. Anyway, any extensions that will hopefully help reduce the negative influences of our increasingly aging society also need to be fair. 5The text mainly tells us_.AChina is going to enter an aging societyBChina has planned to extend the retirement ageCextending the r
17、etirement age will bring about multiple benefitsDall people agree to accept the policy6Which of the following is TRUE?AChinas old people above the age of 50 will be about 14.8 percent of the population. BThere will be about 248 million elders by 2050.CExtending the retirement age may reduce the expe
18、rienced workers.DExtending the retirement age may contribute to the economic development of China.7What can be inferred from the text?AAll the workers will be pleased with the policy.BThe whitecollar workers go against the policy.CThere can be many difficulties in extending the retirement age.DThe g
19、overnment should please all so as to give up the policy.8What is the authors attitude towards the policy?ADoubtful. BObjective.COptimistic. DOpposed.C(2014苏北四市第三次调研)Before the Industrial Revolution, only a small percentage of the worlds population was literate(有文化的 ). Literacy rates increased throug
20、hout the 19th century, as people started moving from the countryside to towns and cities for the job opportunities opening up in the newly industrialized societies. Many of these new jobs, especially the higher paying ones, required the ability to read and write. With the rise of universal education
21、 in almost all countries around the world, literacy rates have steadily gone up over the past hundred years.But basic literacy is no longer enough. For years now, routine human tasks, that is, those tasks that can well be described by a set of rules, have been taken over by technology substitution (
22、代替) and automation (自动化). Many bluecollar manufacturing activities in assembly plans have fallen into this category. So have an increasing number of whitecollar informationbased activities, including record keeping and many kinds of administrative tasks.Not surprisingly, our knowledgebased digital e
23、conomy requires better educated workers with specific skills requirements. For example, we are surrounded by smart machines cars, music players, TVs, video recorders, smart phones, PCs, the Internet, email, the Web, ecommerce sites and on and on and on. They have become indispensable tools at work a
24、nd at home. Digital literacy, the ability to deal with the sophisticated machines all around and use them effectively to help us address complex problems, has become a very important skill.In general, people who are comfortable dealing with complexity are better able to handle more demanding, higher
25、 paying jobs. In our complex world, unanticipated situations often arise that we have not encountered before and thus require good problemsolving skills. Similar cognitive skills are necessary to help us evaluate the options involved in making complex decisions.A 2011 study by the McKinsey Global In
26、stitute projects a continuous demand for workers with at least a postsecondary education to meet the demands of business. According to McKinsey, employers are already having trouble filling positions requiring technical skills. Many workers will not necessarily have the skills needed for the jobs th
27、at are most likely to be in demand.Moreover, as we look into the future, digital technologies will continue to be applied to activities requiring cognitive capabilities and problemsolving intelligence that not long ago were viewed as the exclusive domain of humans. As a result, we will need to conti
28、nually upgrade our skills in order to keep up with our increasingly smart machines and fast changing job requirements.9. Why is advanced literacy necessary?AThere are more human tasks which can be described by a set of rules.BThere are more bluecollar manufacturing activities.CMore routine human tas
29、ks have been taken over.DMore record keeping and many kinds of administrative tasks appear.10Which of the following best describes what our digital economy needs?ASmart machines cars, music players, TVs, the Internet, and so on.BWorkers with good education and specific requirements.CSophisticated ma
30、chines all around.DIndispensable tools at work and at home.11From Paragraph 5, we can learn that McKinsey agrees that_.Aemployers find it difficult to find skilled workersBemployees have difficulty filling in the formsCworkers surely have the skills needed for the jobsDall skills are in demand in th
31、e future12Which of the following is the best title for the passage?AWorlds Literacy RatesBThe Development of Digital TechnologiesCFast Changing AttitudesDJobs and Lifelong Learning答 案语篇解读：本文为说明文。对于未成年人犯罪，美国的法律是不公平的，白人孩子可以有更好的教育模式，而黑人孩子则受到监禁，而且按照成人的法律去惩罚。1选B推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The grand . under restraint (
32、限制)”可知，白人孩子和黑人孩子受到的是不同的对待。2选C正误判断题。根据文章第一段和第二段首句中的“what we have mentioned above happened more and more often in the juvenilecourt system”可知答案为C。3选D词义猜测题。根据第二段的语境可知，当青少年罪犯被按照成人的犯罪标准来判刑时，歧视急剧增加。故选D项。4选C推理判断题。 根据最后一段的内容可知，成人监狱对于青少年来说是地狱，一旦他们从成人监狱中出来，他们会犯更多的罪。事实上，成人监狱是青少年职业罪犯的培训营，会带来更大的危害。故C项正确。语篇解读：这是一
33、篇时文报道。介绍了中国对推迟退休年龄方面的探讨以及各界对这一话题的反响等。5选B主旨大意题。全文围绕中国人口老龄化的问题，探讨推迟退休年龄这一话题，介绍了各界人士的态度。因此选B。6选D正误判断题。第二段说中国60岁以上的人口将达到人口总数的14.8%(A错)；到2050年60岁以上的人口将超过400 million(B错)；而推迟退休年龄能减缓有经验的工作者数量的快速下降(C错)；这些好处有助于中国的经济发展(D正确)。7选C推理判断题。第四段说从事繁重体力劳动的工人可能不愿意推迟他们的退休年龄(A错)；政府雇员和白领阶层的观点也应该听一听，但没有依据推断白领阶层的看法(B错)；最后一段说政
34、策不可能让所有人都满意(D错)；从文章的叙述看，要实行这一政策会遇到各种困难(C正确)。8选B观点态度题。从文章的叙述可以看出，作者只是客观地介绍了这一时文报道以及各方的态度，因此选B，表示“客观的”。语篇解读：文章提及不同的时代对劳动者的能力提出了不同要求，指出劳动者需要终身学习以跟上科技的迅猛发展以及就业市场的快速变化。9选C细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一、二句可知，基本的读写能力已经不够用了。多年来，常规的劳动任务，即那些可以被一系列规则所描述出来的工作，已被技术产品和自动化所取代。故答案为 C。10选B细节理解题。文章第三段第一句提到“不足为奇的是，以知识为基础的数字经济要求劳动者受到过更好的教育，具备特定的技能”，之后列举了我们身边各种各样的智能机器的名称。故答案为 B。11选A推理判断题。文章第五段谈到麦肯锡全球研究所 2011 年的一份研究报告预测。根据该段最后两句可知，麦肯锡表示，企业在招聘技术岗位时已经感觉到难度很大，许多劳动者并不完全具备那些工作岗位所需的职业技能。故答案为 A。12选D标题概括题。通读全文可知，文章谈及不同时代对劳动者不同的技能要求，由此可知，为满足不同时期的就业需要，劳动者需要不断地学习。故答案为 D。
