1、【知识要点】代词的分类1.人称代词：主格I, we, you, he, she, it, they宾格me, us, you, him, her, it, them2.物主代词：形容词性my, our, your, his, her, its, their名词性mine, ours, yours, his, hers, its, theirs3.反身代词：单数myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself复数ourselves, yourselves, themselves4.相互代词：each other (两者之间相互)；one another (两者
2、以上的相互)5.指示代词：this, that, these, those6.疑问代词：who, whom, whose, which, what7.关系代词：who, whom, whose, that(指人),which, that, as, whose（指物）8.不定代词：all, each, either, neither, both, none, other, another, something, everything, nothing somebody, everybody, nobody someone, everyone, no one, many, much, few, l
3、ess一、人称代词人称代词是表示“我”“你”“他”“她”“它”“我们”“你们”“他们”的词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化，见下表：单数复数第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称人称代词主格Iyouhe，she，itweyouthey宾格meyouhim，her，itusyouthem人称代词的用法1.人称代词的主格在句子中作主语或主语补足语。如：John waited a while but eventually he went home.约翰等了一会儿，最后他回家了。John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was s
4、he.约翰希望那位乘客是玛丽，还真是她。说明：在复合句中，如果主句和从句主语相同，代词主语要用在从句中，名词主语用在主句中。When he arrived，John went straight to the bank.约翰一到就直接去银行了。2.人称代词的宾格在句子中作宾语或介词宾语，但在口语中也能作主语补语，第一人称在省略句中，还可以作主语。如：I saw her with them；at least，I thought it was her.我看到她和他们在一起，至少我认为是她。（第一个her作动词宾语，them作介词宾语，第二个her作表语）Who broke the vase?谁打碎了
5、花瓶？Me.我。3.人称代词之主、宾格的替换(1)宾格代替主格在简短对话中，当人称代词单独使用或在not 后，多用宾语。I like English.我喜欢英语。Me too.我也喜欢。Have more wine?再来点酒喝吗?Not me.我可不要了。在表示比较的非正式的文体中，常用宾格代替主格。 但如果比较状语的谓语保留，则主语只能用主格。He is taller than I/me. He is taller than I am.2）主格代替宾格在介词but，except后，有时可用主格代替宾格。在电话用语中常用主格。I wish to speak to Mary.我想和玛丽通话。Th
6、is is she.我就是玛丽。注意：在动词be 或to be后的人称代词视其前面的名词或代词而定。I thought it was she.我以为是她。（主格主格）I thought it to be her.（宾格宾格）I was taken to be she.我被当成了她。（主格主格）They took me to be her.他们把我当成了她。（宾格宾格）4.代词的指代问题 1）不定代词 anybody，everybody，nobody，anyone， someone， everyone，no one， 及whoever和person在正式场合使用时，可用he，his，him代替。
7、如：Nobody came，did he?谁也没来，是吗?2）动物名词的指代一般用it或they代替，有时也用he，she，带有亲切的感情色彩。如：Give the cat some food.She is hungry.给这猫一些吃的。她饿了。3）指代车或国家，船舶的名词，含感情色彩时常用she。5.并列人称代词的排列顺序 1）单数人称代词并列作主语时，其顺序为：第二人称 第三人称第一人称，即you he/she; it I。如：You，he and I should return on time.你，他还有我应该按时回来。2）复数人称代词作主语时，其顺序为：第一人称 第二人称第三人称，即w
8、eyouthey。注意： 在下列情况中，第一人称放在前面。在承认错误，承担责任时。It was I and John that made her angry.是我和约翰惹她生气了。在长辈对晚辈，长官对下属说话时，如长官为第一人称，如：I and you try to finish it.我和你去弄好它。并列主语只有第一人称和第三人称时。当其他人称代词或名词被定语从句修饰时。二、 物主代词物主代词是表示所有关系的代词，也可叫做代词所有格。物主代词分形容性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种，其人称和数的变化见下表。单数复数第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称物主代词容词性myyourhis，
9、her，itsouryourtheir名词性mineyourhis，hers，itsoursyourstheirs如：I like his car.我喜欢他的小汽车。Our school is here，and theirs is there.我们的学校在这儿，他们的在那儿。1.物主代词的用法1)物主代词既有表示所属的作用又有指代作用。如：John had cut his finger; apparently there was a broken glass on his desk.?约翰割破了手指，显而易见，他桌子上有个破玻璃杯。2)物主代词有形容词性（my，your等）和名词性（mine，
10、yours等）两种，形容词性的物主代词属于限定词。名词性的物主代词在用法上相当于省略了中心名词的s属格结构。如：Jacks cap意为The cap is Jacks。His cap意为The cap is his。2.名词性物主代词的句法功能1)作主语。如：May I use your pen? Yours works better.我可以用一用你的钢笔吗？你的比我的好用。2)作宾语。如：I love my motherland as much as you love yours.我深爱我的祖国就像你深爱你的祖国一样。3)作介词宾语。如：You should interpret what I
11、 said in my sense of the word，not in yours.你应当按我所用的词义去解释我说的话，而不能按你自己的去解释。4)作表语。如：The life I have is yours.Its yours.Its yours.我的生命属于你，属于你，属于你。3.双重所有格物主代词不可与a，an，this，that，these，those，some，any，several，no，each，every，such，another，which等词一起前置，修饰一个名词，而必须用双重所有格。公式为：a，an，this，that+名词+of+名词性物主代词。三、指示代词指示代词表
12、示“那个”“这个”“这些”“那些”等指示概念的代词。指示代词有this，that，these，those等。如：That is a good idea.那是个好主意。指示代词的用法1.指示代词分单数（this/that）和复数（these/those）两种形式，既可作限定词又可作代词。2.指示代词的句法功能。1)作主语。如：This is the way to do it.这事儿就该这样做。2)作宾语。如：I like this better than that.我喜欢这个甚至那个。3)作表语。如：My point is this.我的观点就是如此。4)作介词宾语。如：I dont say n
13、o to that.我并未拒绝那个。There is no fear of that.那并不可怕。说明1：指示代词在作主语时可指物也可指人，但作其他句子成分时只能指物，不能指人。如：（对）That is my teacher.那是我的老师。（that作主语，指人） （对）He is going to marry this girl.他要和这个姑娘结婚。（this作限定词）（错）He is going to marry this.（this作宾语时不能指人）（对）I bought this.我买这个。（this指物，可作宾语）说明2：that和those可作定语从句的先行词，但this和 the
14、se不能，同时，在作先行词时，只有those可指人，试比较：（对）He admired that which looked beautiful.他赞赏外表漂亮的东西。（对） He admired those who looked beautiful.他赞赏那些外表漂亮的人。（those指人）（错） He admired that who danced well.（that作宾语时不能指人）（对）He admired those who danced well.他赞赏跳舞好的人。（those指人）（对）He admired those which looked beautiful.他赞赏那些外表
15、漂亮的东西。（those指物）四、反身代词表示“我自己”“你自己”“他自己”“我们自己”“你们自己”和“他们自己”等的代词，叫做自身代词，也称为“反身代词”。如：She was talking to herself.她自言自语。 反身 代词单数复数第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称myselfyourselfHimself herselfitselfourselvesyourselvesthemselves反身代词的用法1.作宾语，如1)有些动词需有反身代词，如absent，bathe，amuse，blame，dry，cut，enjoy，hurt，introduce，behave
16、等。如：We enjoyed ourselves very much last night.我们昨晚玩得很开心。Please help yourself to some fish.请你随便吃点鱼。2)用于及物动词+宾语+介词，如：take pride in，be annoyed with，help oneself to sth等。I could not dress（myself）up at that time.那个时候我不能打扮我自己。注：有些动词后不跟反身代词，如：get up，sitdown，stand up，wake up等。Please sit down.请坐。2.用作表语。如。I a
17、m not myself today.我今天不舒服。3.用作同位语。如The thing itself is not important.事情本身并不重要。4.在不强调的情况下，but，except，for 等介词后宾语用反身代词或人称代词宾格均可。 注意：1)反身代词本身不能单独作主语。（错）Myself drove the car.（对）I myself drove the car.我自己开车。2)但在and，or，nor连接的并列主语中，第二个主语可用反身代词，特别是myself 作主语。Charles and myself saw it.查尔斯和我看见了这件事。五、 相互代词表示相互关
18、系的代词叫相互代词，有each other和one another两个词组。他们表示句中动词所叙述的动作或感觉在涉及的各个对象之间是相互存在的。如：It is easy to see that the people of different cultures have always copied each other.显而易见，不同文化的人总是相互借鉴的。相互代词宾格each other，one another所有格each others，one anothers相互代词的句法功能1.作动词宾语。如：People should love one another.人们应当彼此相爱。2.可作介词宾
19、语。如：Dogs bark，cocks crow，frogs croak to each other.犬吠、鸡鸣、蛙儿对唱。说明：传统语法认为，相互关系存在于两个人或物之间用each other， 存在于两个以上人和物之间用one another。现代英语中，两组词交替使用的实例也很多。He put all the books beside each other/one another.他把所有书并列摆放起来。Usually these small groups were independent of each other.这些小团体通常是相互独立的。3.相互代词可加s构成所有格。如：The
20、students borrowed each others notes.学生们互借笔记。六、不定代词不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词。常见的不定代词有all，both，each，every等，以及含有some，any，no等的合成代词，如anybody，something，no one。这些不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词，在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，但none和由some，any，no等构成的复合不定代词只能作主语、宾语或表语；every和no只能作定语。如：Do you have a car?你有一辆小汽车吗？ Yes，I have one.是的，我有一辆。 I dont k
21、now any of them.他们，我一个也不认识。代词的用法1. nothing, none, no onenone作为代词，最常用来表示数量，它可以是一个可数的概念（how many）也可以是一个不可数的概念(how much),或者any引起的问题；而nothing是相对于something(有某物)什么都没有,它回答的是“What is in/on.”的问题；而no one=nobody没有人，它回答的是“Who did that?”（谁）或是anyone（有没有人）的问题。2. one, ones, that, those, it（1）one和ones可以用来代替前面提到过的可数名
22、词，one代单数，ones代复数，其中：两者都可以指代物（只要是可数）one前面一般不加a,因为它本身有“一个”的意思，但如果one前面有形容词修饰，则需要加a/an。one可以单独使用，意思为“任何人”。例如：Shall we have a rest?Didnt we just have one?(因为one=a something)I happened to see a book about George W. Bush, a nice one indeed.One should always believe in oneself.（2）that与those：that可以代替前面提到的不可
23、数名词或可数名词单数（相当于the one；而those 代替前面提到的复数名词，有时可以用the ones替换。例如：The population of China is bigger than that of India. (that=the population）The boy told his story and that of the girl next room.(that=the story)The cell phones we made nowadays are better than those/the ones made 2 years ago.（those=the cel
24、l phones=the ones)（3）one和it:两者都可以用来代替前面出现过的单数名词,one指这类东西中的任何一个，指类属，泛指。it指前面所指的同一物。例如：I need a pen to sign my name. Can I have one? (one =a pen)I cannot find my new pen. Have you seen it?（it指那支新钢笔）3. another, the other, other, others, the others （1）another和the other:两者都是“另一个”的意思，但数量上有区别:用 another指两个以
25、上的数量，而the other只指两个中的另一个，例如：He has three brothers, one is a teacher, another is a doctor and the third is an engineer.（当然如果还有第四个，五个就是the fourth, the fifth)He has a book in one hand and a pen in the other.注：another除了可以作代词，还可以用作形容词。这里有必要区别another, the other和more的用法： another:another表“另一个”时只跟可数名词单数，而表“另
26、外的、额外的、附加的”时，可跟带有few或具体数字的复数名词，此时可把“数词复数名词”看作是一个整体。例如： Have you finished your report yet？No，I will finish it in another 10 minutes.There is room for another few people in the back of the bus.other:表“另外的”接复数名词，如与具体数词连用，则置于数词之后，但与定冠词the连用时，other要放在数词前。例如：Tony is going camping with two other little boy
27、s next Sunday.Do you know where he found the other two photos？more:more一般位于数词之后,名词之前，有时也可置于名词之后。例如：One more step（One step more），and Ill shoot you.Where shall we be in ten more years？more除跟数词外，还可与many, a little，a few，a lot，several等词连用，例如:There are many more dictionaries on the desk.Would you like som
28、e more tea？(2) others, the othersothers是相对于some来说的：some.some.others. (一些一些另一些）是泛指；而the others是特指另一些，相对于ones (可以理解为one, the other的复数)。例如：Class 1 are cleaning the classroom. Some are sweeping the floor, some are cleaning the window, and others are washing the blackboard. （泛指）There are only 20 students
29、 in the classroom, where are the others.（特指）4. both, other, neither, each, any, allboth:两者都，谓语动词用复数；either:两者中间的任何一个，谓语动词用单数；neither:两者中间无任何一个，谓语动词多用单数，也可以用复数；each:两个或两个以上中的每一个，谓语动词用单数；any:三者或三者以上中的任何一个，谓语动词用单数；all:三者或三者以上全部；5. some, any, nosome属于肯定词，主要用于肯定句中，但当说话人期待肯定回答时，也可以用于疑问句中。例如：Could I have s
30、ome more tea, please?Would you like some more coffee?any属于非肯定词，主要用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中。它可以与形容词的比较级连用。例如：Dont come any closer, or Ill shoot!no属于否定词，用于否定句中：no+可数名词单数=not a/anno+可数名词复数=not any。例如：There is no such thing as a free lunch in the world. （注意thing前面没有冠词a)【考点诠释】纵观历年高考试题，代词的主要考点主要集中在以下几个方面：不定代词one，the
31、 one，ones，the ones；物主代词的用法；人称代词主格和宾格的用法；表示两者和多者的不定代词的比较；指示代词this，that，these，those，it的用法；another，(the)other(s)，else；the rest的用法；every-，some-，any-，no-与-thing，-one，-body构成的复合不定代词的用法。考点1 人称代词一般地说人称代词作主语时用主格；作宾语时用宾格；作定语时用形容词性物主代词；名词性物主代词可以代替“形容词性物主代词+名词”。但口语中，在无动词的句子里，往往用代词的宾格形式。1用于无谓语的句子中一Dpes any of yo
32、u know why Jack hasnt come yet?你们有谁知道杰克为什么还没有到吗?一Me我。特别提示答语如果带谓语，就得用主格，如：I can和I do，too/So do I2表示惊奇、猜疑、反问、不满、厌烦等情绪Do you have good eyesight，young man?年轻人，你的视力好吗?一Me?I can see a sparrow two hundred paces away我?我能看见一只两百步外的云雀。What?Me fight a big chap like him?Not me!什么?我同像他那样的大个子打架?不会是我！3代替as，than等连词之
33、后的主格(多用于口语中，尤其用于句末)Im not as tall as him(he)我没有他个子高。)She is much more careful than me(I)她比我细心得多。当这类人称代词带有all，both等同位语时，用宾格的形式就更为常见了。如：He works harder than us a11他比我们所有人学习都刻苦。考点2指不代词1this/these，that/thosethis,these指代下面要说的内容；that，those指代上面陈述过的内容。如：What Id like to say about how to improve our spoken En
34、glish is like this关于如何提高我们的英语口语，我想说的是这样的。Thats a11Thank you我的话完了。谢谢。(多用于演讲、口头通知的结束语)Salaries are higher here than those in my hometown这里的薪水比我家乡的高。2一些习惯说法中this和that的用法比较固定Whos that?你是谁?(打电话用语)This is Mary我是Mary。(打电话用语)11ats all right/OK不用谢。(对感谢的答语)natS nothing没什么。(对道歉的答语) Thats that就这么定了。(表示决定不能更改)Th
35、atS a11就这些了。That is那就是3this，that有时可以用作副词，意为“这么，那么”，用在形容词或副词前作状语，表示程度 It isnt that cold还没那么冷。考点3不定代词以下是几组易混不定代词：1some类不定代词与any类不定代词(1)some类不定代词多用于肯定句中；any类的多用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中。如：Raise your hands if you have any questions如果你们有问题，请举手。(2)但在表示客气的请求或希望对方给予肯定回答的疑问句中，要用some类的不定代词。如：Would you like something t
36、o drink?你要喝点什么吗?(3)any类的不定代词用在肯定句中，表示“任何(一个)；任何事情；无论什么”。如：She promised that she could do anything for you她许诺能为你做任何事情。2all，both，neither，none(1)all指三者或三者以上“都”，both指两者“都”。如：Both(of)his hands were wounded他的两只手都受伤了。All(of)his fingers were wounded他的手指都受伤了。(多于两个手指)(2)neither表示“两个都不”，常和of连用，放在带有冠词、物主代词或指示代词
37、的复数名词之前，作主语时，谓语动词可以用单数或复数；none表示三个或三个以上“都不”，可用于人，也可用于物，后可接of短语，与复数名词、代词或单数集合名词连用作主语，指人时，谓语动词用单、复数皆可；指物时，只用第三人称单数形式。如：Neither of the twins is/are correct那两个双胞胎都不正确。None of us has/have ever been to the Great wall我们没有人去过长城。3any，either，each，every(1)any一般用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中。也可用在肯定句中，以加强语气，表示“任一”的概念；还可以用来修饰可数名
38、词单数，表示三者或三者以上中的“任何一个”。如：I didnt eat any meat我一点儿肉也没吃。4no，none，nothing，nobody(1)no不能单独使用，相当于not a或not any，作定语修饰可数名词或不可数名词。如：You have no sympathy for the sufferings of others你对别人的痛苦没有同情心。(2)none既可以指人，也可以指物，侧重指三者或三者以上的人或物，用于回答how many/much引导的疑问句，可与介词of连用。如：None of the books is suitable for the young这些书
39、都不适合年轻人读。一How many people are there in the room?屋内有多少人?一None没人。(3)nobody指人，用于回答who引导的疑问句；nothing指物，用于回答what引导的疑问句。如：一Who is in the room?谁在屋内?一Nobody没有人。5it，one，ones， that和those(1)it特指上文所提到的同一个物，它所代替的名词常由the，this，that等修饰。one指上文提到的同类事物中的一个，不特指，被指代的名词通常由不定代词some或any修饰。如：Where is that book?I cant find i
40、t那本书在哪儿?我找不到它。I havent got any erasersWill you please give me one?我没有橡皮，请你给我一块好吗?(2)one与that都可用来代替上文中出现的名词，one前要用定冠词the，有时that和the one可互换使用。如：The book isnt so interesting as the one/that you borrowed这本书不如你借的那本有趣。(3)但that和one在多数情况下是不能互换的，主要区别在于：that既可代替可数名词，也可代替不可数名词，常要求有后置定语，一般不指人，复数形式为those。one只能代替
41、可数名词单数，复数形式为ones。当可数名词前有形容词修饰时，只能用one，不用that。当of短语作可数名词的后置定语时，用that，不用one。如：The best cigarettes are those from Yunnan最好的香烟是那些来自云南的。The boy told me his story and that of the girl next door这个男孩跟我讲了他以及隔壁那个女孩的故事。Your coat is blue，and my new one is green你的大衣是蓝色的，我的新大衣是绿色的。(4)the ones用来代替上文提到的特指的复数名词，有时可以
42、用those代替，尤其在有后置定语的情况下。如：The books on the desk are better than those/the ones under the desk桌上的那些书比桌下的好。6another，other，others，more(1)another既可以单独使用，也可以用于单数名词前，泛指三者或三者以上中的“另外一个人或物”。还可以用“another+数量词+复数名词”，表示”再，又”。如：was there another way out?还有别的路出去吗?wed better wait another five minutes我们最好再等五分钟。特别提示表示“
43、另外一个学生”只能用another student，不能说成another one student。(2)other不能单独使用，应用于复数名词前，表示另外的某些人或物，也可以用在some，any，no之后，或具体数词之后，再接名词，构成”不定代词或具体数词+other+名词”；接单数名词时，还可以用在冠词the后，特指两个人或物中的另外一个(可以省略为the other)，或特指另外的某些人或物(可以省略为the others)，others泛指”其他的(事物)，别人”。如：Done remained and the other went away一个留下了，另一个走了。We should
44、learn to treat others as equals我们应该学会平等待人。7something，anything，everything，nothing(1)something一般用在肯定句中，也可以用在表示邀请、征询意见的委婉问句中。如：Could you do something for me?请为我做点事好吗?(2)anything用在否定句、疑问句或条件句中。如：There isnt anything inside里面什么也没有。(3)everything意为”一切事物”，可用在肯定句或疑问句中。用于否定句时，表示部分否定；表示全部否定时要用nothing或not anythi
45、ng。如：Everything is good when new，but friends when old东西是新的好，朋友是老的亲。(谚语)(4)nothing表示”什么也没有”，常用于陈述句，表示否定意义，不能与否定词连用。如：Do nothing by halves凡事不可半途而废。(谚语)Fools learn nothing from wise men，but wise men learn much from fools愚者不学无术，智者不耻下问。(谚语)典例1： Swimming is my favorite sport. There is _ like swimming as a
46、 means of keeping fit.A somethingB anything C nothing D everything【答案】C【解析】考查不定代词。句意：游泳是我最爱的运动。再没有比游泳更好的锻炼方式了。There is nothing like意即”没有什么能像了”。典例2： Jane was asked a lot of questions，but she didnt answer of themAother Bany Cnone Dsome典例3： Nine in ten parents said there were significant differences in
47、 their approach to educating their children compared with of their parentsAthose Bone Cboth Dthat解析D 句意：十分之九的家长认为他们教育孩子的方法和他们父母的教育方法有明显的差别。在同一句话中，指代的名词和前面提到的名词是同一类，即同名异物，要用that。考点4 反身代词1反身代词在句中可以作宾语、表语、并列主语，以及名词、代词的同位语The text itself is very easy这篇课文本身很简单。(作主语的同位语)(Either)Jane or yourself will go th
48、ere要么Jane去，要么你自己去。(作并列主语，但不能单独作主语)He is not laughed at that laughs at himself first自嘲者不会让人嘲笑。Respect yourself，or no one else will respect you要人尊敬，必须自重。2主语与宾语是同一个人时，应当用反身代词teach oneself，enjoy oneself，help oneself，throw oneself，look after oneself3在系动词后作表语，常用于否定句，表示身体不适I dont know whatS the matter with
49、 meIm not myself today4用在交际英语中Help yourseff!随便吃!(宴请礼仪)自己拿吧!Make yourself at home!别拘束!Dont upset yourself!别自寻煨商了15辨别几组搭配by oneself独自，单独；for oneself独自地，靠自己的力量；ofoneselft动地；to oneself独占，独用典例：Isnt it amazing how the human body heals after an injury?Ahireself Bhim Citself Dit考点5 it的用法在英语中，运用it的场合较多。从它在句中
50、的作用和意义来看，it的用法可分为三类：1指代作用(1)用作人称代词，代替前文或后文所提到的同一事物(单数可数名词或不可数名词)。如：Although we cannot see it，there is air all around us虽然我们看不见空气，但它却在我们的周围。(2)代替前面的整个句子。如：It is said that he has died of a disease，but it isnt true据说他已经病死了，但这不是真的。(3)用在答语中代替指示代词this，that。如：一What is this?这是什么?一Its a bike是自行车。(4)代替不能或没有必要
51、区分性别的或某些习惯说法中的人。如：The baby cried because it Was hungry婴儿哭是因为饿了。(婴儿习惯上不区分性别)一Who is knocking at the door?谁在敲门?一Its me是我o(5)指环境、情形等。如：I cant stand it any longer我再也不能容忍这种情况了。Take it easy别紧张。It doesnt matter没关系。(6)指度量衡单位、时间、距离、季节、天气及自然现象。如：Its getting colder and colder now现在越来越冷了。It is winter now现在是冬天了。
52、2形式作用(1)形式主语当动词不定式、v.ing形式或从句作主语时，通常把它们放在谓语之后，而用it作句子的形式主语。如：(I)Its no use crying over split milk覆水难收。It takes three generations to make a gentleman十年树木，百年树人。 (2)形式宾语当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、v-ing形式或宾语从句时，往往把真正的宾语放在补足语后面，而用it作形式宾语，放在宾语补足语之前。如：You must make it clear to them that the situation is serious你必须向他们表明
53、形势是严峻的。)They thought it difficult to talk to the guests about the recent events他们觉得和客人们谈近来发生的事情很困难。特别提示形式宾语用在“主语+谓语动词+宾语”结构中，谓语动词appreciate，dislike，hate，like，love，make(按时到达，成功)等后接由if或when等引导的从句时，往往在从句前加形式宾语it。如：1 would appreciate it if you paid in cash如果你能支付现金的话，我会不胜感激。The boy likes it when you do t
54、hat那个男孩喜欢你那样做。3强调作用it可以用来改变句子的结构，使句子的某一成分得到强调。强调句型的基本结构为：It is/was+所强调的成分+that/who/whom+其他成分。代词考点典型陷阱题分析1. _ with any common sense can tell the difference between the two.A. WhoB. WhoeverC. AnyoneD. Who ever【陷阱】容易误选B。【分析】最佳答案为C。有的同学误选B主要是因为受以下这类句子的影响：Whoever comes will be welcome. 任何人来都欢迎。Whoever wa
55、nts the book may have it. 任何人要这书都可拿去。Whoever gets the job will have a lot of work. 谁要是得到这份工作就有很多事要做。以上三句中 whoever 引导的均为主语从句，其中的 whoever均可换成 anyone who，但是不能换成 anyone。以上试题从表面上看，与以上各例很相似，其实它们有本质的不同，即 _ with any common sense 中没有谓语动词，所以我们不能选 whoever。此题的正确答案为C，anyone 为句子主语，with any common sense 为修饰 anyone
56、 的定语。现将此题稍作改动如下，答案选B： _ has any common sense can tell the difference between the two.A. WhoB. WhoeverC. AnyoneD. Who ever2. The dictionary is really useful. Every boy and girl _ it and they each _ to buy one. A. like, wantB. likes, wantsC. likes, wantD. like, wants【陷阱】容易误选D。认为前面一空填复数动词，因为其主语是 boy an
57、d girl，为复数；第二空填单数动词，因为其前有 each，表示“每一个”。【分析】事实上，此题应选C。因为按英语习惯，every 后接两个并列的单数名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数，即第一空填 likes；而第二空要填复数动词 want，是因为其前的主语是 they 而不是 each（each 为主语的同位语）。3. Everyone knows that Canada is larger than _ country in Asia.A. anyB. any otherC. otherD. another【陷阱】容易误选B。选择的依据是以下大家熟悉的句型(其中的 other 不可省略)：H
58、e is taller than any other student in our class. 他是我们班最高的。English is more widely used in international intercourse than any other language today. 现今英语在国际交往中比其他任何语言用得都广。【分析】但是上面一题与这类句子有所不同。这类句型到底该不该加 other，主要应看所谈论的对象是否在比较的范围之内：若在范围之内，则用 other (以排除自己与自己比较)；若不在范围之内，则不用 other。比较下面一题：China is larger than
59、 _ country in Asia.A. any B. any other C. other D. another此题应选B，因为 China 在 Asia 的范围之内。假若选A，则表示“中国比亚洲的任何国家都大”，而中国本身也是亚洲国家，由此则得出“中国比中国大”的荒谬结论。而选B，则表示“中国比亚洲任何其他国家要大”，这才合乎事实。4. “What do you think of them?” “I dont know _ is better, so Ive taken _ of them.”A. what, bothB. what, noneC. which, bothC. which
60、, none【陷阱】几个干扰均有可能误选。【分析】最佳答案为C。做好此题的关键是要注意句中的 better 一词，由于better 用的是比较级，说明比较的对象应是两者，由此可推知第二空应填both；另一方面，由于所谈论的是两者，说明选择范围比较窄、比较明确，所以第一空应填 which。5. “Would you like a cup of coffee or a glass of beer?” “_ will do, but milk is _ popular with me.”A. Neither, notB. Both, moreC. Either, the mostD. All, th
61、e most【陷阱】很容易误选B，因为前文提到 coffee 和 beer 为两者，所以有的同学就认为应选 both 和 more 与之对应(more 为比较级，指两者比较)。【分析】做对此题的关键是要注意到下文提到的 milk既不是 coffee 也不是 beer，而是除这两者外的第三者，故第二空应填 the most，即此题最佳答案为C。6. I read about it in some book or other, does it matter _ it was? A. whereB. what C. howD. which此题答案选D，主要与上文的some book or other
62、 (某一本书)这一语境有关，全句句意为：“我在某一本书上读到过它，是哪一本书这很重要吗?”请看类似试题：(1) “Who told you?” “Oh, somebody or other, Ive forgotten _.” A. whatB. when C. whichD. who此题最佳答案为D。句意为：“谁告诉你的？”“噢，有个人，我忘记是哪一个了。”(2) Some of the students were late for the meeting, but I cant remember _.A. whatB. whenC. whichD. whom此题最佳答案为C。句意为“有些学
63、生开会迟到了，但我不记得是哪些学生了”。 7. These trousers are dirty and wet Ill change into my _. A. anotherB. trousersC. othersD. other【陷阱】容易误选A、B。【分析】最佳答案为C。是从语法上看，another 后通常接单数名词，而不接trousers 这样的复数名词（若用 another pair 则可以）；也不能选 trousers 是因为填它句子意思不通。最佳答案应选C，others 相当于 other trousers，其中的 other 与前面的 these 相对照。8. Her lec
64、ture was hard to follow because she kept jumping from one subject to _. A. otherB. the otherC. the othersD. another 【陷阱】容易误选B。选择依据可能是one the other 这一常用结构。【分析】最佳答案为D。使用one the other 时，我们通常是针对两者而言的，即指“两者中的一个，另一个”；如果所谈论的情况不是针对两者而言的，而是针对多者而言的，那么我们就不宜在 one 后使用 the other，而考虑用 another。又如(答案均选D，即选 another)：
65、(1) Those cakes look delicious. Could I have _ one?A. otherB. the otherC. the othersD. another(2) I have many such novels. Ill bring _ tomorrow.A. otherB. the otherC. the othersD. another(3) Saying is one thing and doing is _. A. otherB. the otherC. the othersD. another比较以下各例： (1) Shut _ eye, Jim.A.
66、 anotherB. some otherC. otherD. the other答案选D，因为人的眼睛只有两只，故用 one the other 结构。(2) Its sometimes hard to tell one twin from _.A. anotherB. some otherC. otherD. the other答案选D，twin 意为“孪生子之一”、“双胞胎之一”，即指两者之一，故用 one the other 这一结构。9. There are four bedrooms, _ with its own bathroom. A. allB. eachC. everyD.
67、 either此题容易误选A，认为既然前面出现了 four bedrooms，故填 all 与之对应。其实，此题的最佳答案应为B，原因是空格后的隐藏信息 its，它表示空格处应填一个单数代词，但是不能选C，因为 every 不能这样单独使用。10. “Its said that he is a wise leader.” “Oh, no, he is _ but a wise leader.”A. anythingB. anyoneC. anybodyD. anywhere【陷阱】容易误选B、C。因为句子主语指人，似乎只有B、C才与之一致。【分析】其实，正确答案应选A。因为 anything
68、but 是习语，意为“根本不是”或“一点也不”，不仅可用于事物，也可用于人。如：Ill do anything but that. 我绝不会干那种事。The party was anything but a success. 晚会根本不成功。Her father was anything but a poet. 她父亲根本不是诗人。Such a man was anything but a hero. 那样的人绝不算英雄。11. Tell _ you like it makes no difference to me.A. anyoneB. whoC. whoeverD. what【陷阱】容易
69、从中文字面来理解而误选A或B。【分析】最佳答案选 C。但若将A, B两项合起来，即用 anyone who这样的形式则也可以。选 C，whoever 引导一个宾语从句，用作动词 tell的宾语。同样地，请看以下类似试题：(1) _ comes is welcome.A. AnyoneB. Who C. Anyone whoD. Everyone此题很容易误选A，因为从汉语意思来分析，可理解为“任何人来都欢迎”，但若选A，此句的结构是混乱的，句中有两个谓语动词 comes 和 is，但却只是一个句子。此题应选C，anyone 是句子主语，who comes 是修饰 anyone 的定语从句。(2
70、) _ comes to see me, tell him Im out.A. AnyoneB. WhoC. WhoeverD. Everyone此题很容易按汉语意思误选A，其实应选C。whoever 引导的是让步状语从句，相当于 no matter who。(3) Sarah hopes to become a friend of _ shares her interests. A. anyoneB. whomeverC. whoeverD. no matter who此题不能选A，假若选A，应在其后加上 who，即用 anyone who；也不能选B，一是因为空格处应填一个作主语的词(因为
71、其后有谓语动词 shares)，二是因为在现代英语中 whomever 这个词已基本废除 (也就是说，在现代英语中 whoever 既用作主语，也用作宾语，如：Give it to whoever you see in the meeting-room. 你在会议室里看见谁就把它给谁)；也不能选D，因为 no matter who只用于引导让步状语从句，不用于引导名词性从句。此题正确答案为C，whoever 在此相当于 anyone who。比较下例，答案应选A，而不是B、C或D(注意句意)：It was a matter of _ would take the position.A. who
72、B. whoeverC. whomD. whomever12. The teacher told us that the problem was not _ easy and that we should think _ over carefully.A. such, itB. that, itC. such, 不填D. that，不填【陷阱】容易根据汉语字面意思误选C。【分析】最佳答案选 B。第一空填that，that 用作副词，相当于 so，又如：Is it always that hot? 总那么热吗?（其中的 that hot 可以换成 so hot，但不能换成 such hot）I
73、can only tell you that much. 我只能告诉你这么多。（其中的 that much 可以换成 so much，但不能换成 such much）注意第一空不能填such，因为such 不用作副词，即它不用于修饰形容词。另外，汉语中说“好好想一想”，通常可以不带宾语，但英语中的think over 是及物动词，如果用它来表示“好好想一想”，应根据上下文的语境让它带上适当的宾语，所以本题应用 think it over，相当于 think the problem over。13. The camera isnt good enough; I want to change _.
74、A. anotherB. a good oneC. it with anotherD. it for another【陷阱】容易根据汉语字面意思误选A、B。【分析】此题最佳答案为D。英语中的 change sth 表示的是“换某物”，sth 是被换的东西，而 change sth for sth else 表示的才是“用某物换另一物”。比较：That coat was too large and I had to change it. 那件外套太大了，我得去换一件。That coat was too large and I had to change it for a smaller one.
75、 那件外套太大了，我得去换一件小一点的。14. I agree with most of what you said, but I dont agree with _. A. everythingB. anythingC. somethingD. nothing 【陷阱】此题容易误选 B，生搬硬套不定代词用法规则：something 用于肯定句，anything 用于否定句或疑问句。【分析】其实此题应选 A，注意前文的 I agree with most of what you said(我同意你说的大部分内容)，其后的not 与 everything 构成部分否定，意为“不是所有的都同意”，
76、前后两部分用转折连词 but 连接，语气通顺、连贯。请看一个类似的例子：_ likes money, but money is not _. A. Everyone, everything B. Anyone, anythingC. Someone, nothing D. Nobody, everything最佳答案选A，句意为“大家都喜欢钱，但钱不是万能的”。15. “Is there _ here?” “No, Bob and Tim have asked for leave.”A. anybodyB. everybodyC. somebodyD. nobody【陷阱】此题容易误选 A。认
77、为这是一般疑问句，要用 anybody。【分析】其实此题应选B，主要与上下文的语境有关。全文语境为：“大家都到齐了吗？”“没有，Bob 和Tim 两人请假了。”假若我们将此题作如下变换，则情形就会有所不同：“Is there _ here?” “Yes, Im upstairs. Please come and help me.”A. anybodyB. everybodyC. somebodyD. nobody此题的最佳答案应是A，而不是B。请再看一例：“Do you have _ at home now, Mary?” “No, we still have to get some frui
78、t and tea.”A. somethingB. anythingC. everythingD. nothing答案选C，句意为“玛丽，现在家里东西都准备齐了吗？”“还没有，我们还要买些水果和茶。”16. “If you want a necklace, Ill buy one for you at once.” “Oh, no. A necklace is not _ that I need most.A. anythingB. somethingC. nothingD. everything【陷阱】此题容易误选A，机械地套用以下规则：something 用于肯定句，anything 用于
79、否定句或疑问句。【分析】当然以上规则在通常情况下是有效的，但此句不属通常用法。此题的最佳答案应是B，something 在此的意思不是“某种东西”，而是指“那种东西”或“这种东西”，即心中最想要的那种东西(相当于 the thing)。同样地，下面几题的最佳答案也是 something，而不是 anything：(1) Its not _ that we want to talk about; lets change the subject. A. anythingB. somethingC. nothingD. everything(2) Its not _ I enjoy; I do it
80、 purely out of a sense of duty.A. anythingB. somethingC. nothingD. everything(3) Self-control is not _ that comes with your birth.A. anythingB. somethingC. nothingD. everything(4) This is not _ that would disturb me anyway. A. anythingB. somethingC. nothingD. everything17. Some say one thing, but _.
81、A. other, anotherB. others, another C. others, the otherD. the others, others【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】最佳答案选B。but others another 为 but others say another 之省略。在并列句中，若后面分句与前面分句有相同的词，常把后一分句中的相同部分给省略掉，以避免重复。如：One soldier was killed and another wounded. 有一名士兵被打死，另一名被打伤。(wounded 前省略了 was)I work in a factory and
82、 my brother on a farm. 我在工厂工作，我弟弟在农场工作。(on a farm 前省略了 works)My room is on the second floor and his on the third. 我的房间在三楼，他的房间在四楼。（on the third 前省略了 is）18. He is a hard-working student, _ who will be successful in whatever career he chooses. A. thatB. heC. oneD. which【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】此题答案选C，one 相
83、当于 a student。类似地，以下各题也选one，它们分别相当于 a table, a break, a question, a Mexican carpet, a moment：(1) A table made of steel costs more than _ made of wood.A. oneB. itC. thoseD. which(2)“Why dont we take a little break?” “Didnt we just have _?” A. itB. thatC. oneD. this(3) The question is _ of great import
84、ance. A. thatB. itC. oneD. what(4) She wants a Mexican carpet, but she cant afford to buy _.A. one B. itC. them D. the one(5) Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, _ I will always treasure. A. thatB. one C. itD. what精编陷阱题训练1. Toms mother always told him not to smoke aga
85、in, but _ didnt help.A. heB. itC. whichD. as2. Both teams were in hard training; _ was willing to lose the game.A. eitherB. neitherC. anotherD. the other3. There he pointed to _ looked like a stone and said thats _ you had to carry home.A. that, thatB. what, whatC. which, whatD. as, which4. I know n
86、othing about the accident except _ I read in the paper. A. thatB. forC. whatD. 不填5. Energy is _ makes one work.A. whatB. somethingC. anythingD. that6. Dont go to _ places where there is no fresh air.A. suchB. soC. thoseD. which7. The classroom is almost empty, where is _?A. someoneB. anyoneC. everyo
87、neD. no one8. Im afraid we cant have coffee; theres _ left.A. nothingB. noneC. no oneD. no any9. _ worries me is _ were going to pay for all this.A. It, thatB. That, howC. What, howD. As, that10. He just does _ he pleases and never thinks about anyone else. A. thatB. whatC. whichD. how11. _ of you c
88、omes first will get the ticket. A. WhichB. WhicheverC. WhoD. Whatever12. His income is double _ it was five years ago. A. thatB. whichC. asD. what13. If you want a friend, youll find _ in me. A. oneB. itC. thatD. him14. Oh, how beautiful it is! I like _ better. A. everythingB. anythingC. nothingD. s
89、omething15. Do you know _ friends are coming to our party?A. whose elsesB. whos elseC. whose elseD. who elses16. _ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A. AnyoneB. The personC. WhoeverD. No matter who17. Jane hopes to become a friend of _ shares her interests.A. whomeverB. anyone C. who
90、everD. no matter who18. Some friends tried to settle the quarrel between Mr and Mrs Smith without hurting the feeling of _, but failed.A. noneB. eitherC. allD. neither19. Here are the best styles of the clothes. Which one do you like? _. They are not so nice as I expected.A. NeitherB. AllC. NothingD
91、. None20. Mr Ascot, headmaster of the school, refused to accept _of the three suggestions made by the Students Union.A. eitherB. neitherC. anyD. none 21. “Theres coffee and tea; you can have _.” “Thanks.”A. eitherB. eachC. oneD. it22. “When shall we meet again?” “Make it _day you like; its all the s
92、ame to me.”A. oneB. anyC. anotherD. some 23. “Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard.” “Why _? John is sitting there doing nothing.”A. himB. heC. ID. me【答案与解析】1. 选B，it 指前面提到的情况。由于句中用了并列连词 but，所以不能选C。当然，若去掉空格前的but，则可选C。3. 选B，因是 both teams，即谈论的是两者，因此可锁定A和B；从语境上看，应选B，即双方都不愿输。3. 选B。即两空均填 what，
93、第一个what 相当于 something that；第二个what 相当于the thing that。4. 选C，what 在句中用作动词 read 的宾语。5. 选A，what 相当于 something that。6. 选C，但容易误选A。按英语习惯，受 such 修饰的名词后跟定语从句时，引导定语从句的关系词一般只能是 as，而不能是 that, which, who, where等。如：Such women as knew him thought he was charming. 认识他的女人都认为他很有魅力。此句中的 as 就不能换成that 或 who，若要使用 that 或w
94、ho，则需将 such 换掉，如说成Those women who knew Tom thought he was charming.7. 选C，句意为“教室几乎是空的，大家都到哪里去了？”8. 选B，nothing 指“什么也没有”；none 指数量上的“一点(个)也没有”。注：回答 how much 和 how many 时要用 none，而不用 nothing，道理同此。9. 选C，what worries me 为主语从句，且 what 在主语从句中用作主语。10. 选B。从句意推知。11. 选B 最佳，因who后通常不接表示范围的 of 短语，故不宜选C；若选A，则句型不对；若选D，
95、则语义不通。12. 选D，what 相当于 the amount that。13. 选 A，one 在此相当于a friend。14. 选C，I like nothing better 相当于 Its the best thing I like。15. 选D。else 可放在 who, what, where, how, why 等疑问词之后，但习惯上不放在which之后，而且在一般情况下也不用在whose后，遇此情况可用 who elses，如：Who elses fault could it be? 这会是其他什么人的错吗? 但是，若其后不修饰名词，有时也可用whose else。如：Wh
96、ose else could it be? 这会是其他什么人的吗?16. 选C。其余三者均不能引导主语从句。whoever 在此相当于 anyone who。17. 选C。whoever shares her interests用作介词of的宾语，同时whoever又用作谓语动词shares的语。18. 选B。由于句中谈到的是 Mr and Mrs Smith，即谈的是两者，故排除选项A和C，因为 none 和all 均用于指三者。又因为空格前有否定介词without，故空格处填either, 不用 neither。19. 选D。none 可视为 I like none of them 之省略
97、。从下文的语境看，空格处只能填空一个表否定意义的词。据此首先排除B；虽然A、C、D均表否定意义，但neither 与前面的best（既然使用最高级，说明有三者或多者在作比较）不吻合；而 nothing 表示“什么也没有”，不合语境。20. 选 C。none 和 neither 表否定，与句中的 refused to acept这一语境不符。在 either 与 any 两个选项中，either 指两者，与句中的 three suggestions 不符。故只能选 any，指三者中的任意一个。21. 选 A。比较四个选项：either 指两者中的“任意一个”，each 指两者或两者以上中的“每一
98、个”，one 用来替代“a / an +单数可数名词”，it 替代“the +单数名词”。22. 选 B。根据下文的 its all the same to me(对我都一样)可知，选 any 最合语境。23. 选 D。Why me? 可视为 Why do you ask me to go and join? 之省略。另外，me 还通常在简略回答中用作主语。如：Me too.(我也一样。) it的用法考点典型陷阱题分析1. Everyone knows that _ is dangerous to play with fire, but _ is difficult is to prevent
99、 children from playing with fire.A. it, itB. what, whatC. it, whatD. what, it【陷阱】很容易误选B，认为两空均考查形式主语。【分析】最佳答案是D，第一空填形式主语，真正的主语是其后的不定式 to play with fire。第二空填 what，what is difficult 是主语从句，注意 what is difficult 后的谓语动词 is。请做以下类似试题：(1) I know _ is important to know my own limitations, but _ is difficult is
100、 to help others to know their own limitations.A. it, itB. what, whatC. it, whatD. what, it(2) Yes, _ is difficult to find a job nowadays, but _ is more difficult is try to find such a job with a high salary but little things to do.A. it, itB. what, whatC. it, whatD. what, it2. I dislike _ when other
101、s laugh at me in public or think poorly of me behind.A. thatB. thoseC. itD. them【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】最佳答案是C，因为在通常情况下，like 是及物动词，其后应有宾语(句中 it 即为其宾语)。句中的 when 从句不是宾语从句，而是时间状语从句，其中的 when 的意思是“当的时候”。其实，也有的词典将 I dont like it when (if) 作为一个句型来处理。能这样用的动词不多，主要的有enjoy, like, dislike, love, hate, prefer, appre
102、ciate等表示喜好的动词。She wont like it if you arrive late. 她不喜欢你迟到。He hates it when people use his bike. 他讨厌别人用他的自行车。请做以下类似试题(答案均选 it)：(1) I hate _ if people say such things in public. A. thatB. thoseC. itD. them(2) Id prefer _ if I didnt have to get up early on Sundays. A. thatB. suchC. itD. which(3) I wou
103、ld appreciate _ very much if you could give me some suggestions.A. thisB. thatC. itD. you3. Ive no idea. I just pretended nobody was at home, so I didnt ask who _ was. A. heB. thatC. sheD. it【陷阱】容易误选A或C。【分析】最佳答案是D。it 用以指身份不明的人。若指身份明确的人，则不宜用it。比较：(1) Mr Smith is at the door. _ wants to see you.(2) So
104、meone is at the door. _ must be Mr Smith.A. HeB. ItC. ThisD. That第(1)题选A，因为来者身份明确；第(2)选B，因为来者身份不明确。4. “Excuse me, I want to have my watch fixed, but I cant find a repair shop.” “I know _ nearby. Come on, Ill show you.”A. oneB. itC. someD. that【陷阱】容易误选B。【分析】最佳答案是A。it 和 one 的区别可简单地概括为：it = the + 名词，on
105、e = a + 名词。如：I havent got any pens, and I want to borrow one. 我没有钢笔，我想借一支。(one = a pen)I have two pens, and I can lend one to you. 我有两本支钢笔，我可以借一支。(one = a pen)I have a pen, and I can lend it to you. 我有一本钢笔，我可以把它借给你。(it = the pen)在上面一题中，one 相当于 one 相当于 a repair shop。请做下面一题（答案选A）：There is only one Eng
106、lish-Chinese dictionary in that book-shop. I wonder if you still want to buy _.A. itB. one C. anotherD. any5. Will you see to _ that my children are taken good care of while I am away?A. itB. meC. yourselfD. them【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】最佳答案是A。it 为形式宾语，真正的宾语是空格后that引导的宾语从句。see to 意为“负责”、“注意”，其中的 to 为介词，不
107、宜直接跟that引导的宾语从句，遇此情况可借助代词 it。请做下面两题，答案也是选 it：(1) Ill see to _ that all these letters will be sent to the post before twelve.A. itB. meC. whichD. them(2) Will you see to _ that the luggage is brought back as soon as possible?A. meB. yourselfC. itD. them类似以上 see to 用法的短语还有 depend on, answer for 等。如下面两
108、题答案也选 it：(1) You may depend on _ that he will turn up in time. A. itB. meC. whichD. them(2) I cant answer for _ that the boy is honest. A. itB. meC. whichD. them精编陷阱题训练1. Why shouldnt I buy a new coat I havent bought _ for five years. A. itB. that C. oneD. which2. He made _ known to his friends that
109、 he didnt want to enter politics. A. thatB. itC. himselfD. him3. It used to be thought _ the Earth was flat.A. asB. whenC. sinceD. that4. The Parkers bought a new house but _ will need a lot of work before they can move in. A. theyB. it C. oneD. which5. _ is well known _ Hong Kong returned to China
110、on July 1st, 1997.A. It, thatB. As, /C. As, asD. It, which6. I dont know whether I should go abroad or not, Mum. I leave _ to your own judgment whether you should do it.A. thatB. itC. thisD. what7. Does _ matter if he cant finish the job on time?A. thisB. thatC. heD. it8. They are good friends. _ is
111、 no wonder that they know each other so well. A. ThisB. ThatC. ThereD. It9. They live on a busy main road. _ must be very noisy. A. ThereB. ItC. ThatD. They10. Why dont you bring _ to his attention that you are too busy to do it? A. thisB. whatC. thatD. it 11. “Look at that lady on the stage. Shes a
112、lready forty.” “You are joking. She doesnt look _.”A. soB. itC. thatD. this13. _ was known to them all that William had broken his promise _ he would give each of them a gift. A. As; WhichB. What; thatC. It; thatD. It; which 14. In the west, people make _ a rule to send Christmas present to their re
113、latives and friends.A. thisB. thatC. itD. the following【答案与解析】1. 选C。one 指 a coat。比较：it = the +名词，one = a+名词，换句话说，it 是特指的，而one 则是泛指的。2. 选B。it 为形式宾语，真正的宾语是 that he didnt want to enter politics。3. 选D。it 为形式主语，此句为 People used to think that the Earth was flat 的被动语态形式。4. 选B。it 指前面提到的 new house。注意不能选D，因为其前
114、有并列连词but。5. 选A。it 为形式主语，其后的that从句为主语从句。比较下面一题，答案选B：_ is well known, _ Hong Kong returned to China on July 1st, 1997.A. It, thatB. As, /C. As, asD. It, which6. 选B。it 为形式宾语，真正的宾语是 whether you should do it.7. 选 D。it doesnt matter if, does it matter if 等为英语常用表达。8. 选 D。its no wonder that 意为“难怪”、“不足为怪”，为英
115、语固定表达，其中的 its 也可省略，即只说 No wonder that。如：No wonder (that) he didnt want to go. 难怪他不想去。9. 选B。it 指环境。10. 选 D。it 为形式宾语，真正的宾语是 that you are too busy to do it.12. 选 B。it 指 her age。look ones age 为习语，意为“容貌与年龄相称”。13. 选C。第一空填 it，为形式主语；第二空填that，用以引导一个同位语从句，修饰 promise。14. 选 C。it 为形式宾语，真正的宾语是其后的不定式 to send Chris
116、tmas present to their relatives and friends。【试题放送】2013年试题（2013高考英语四川卷）2. The traffic on the main streets has a longer green signal than _ on the small ones. A. one B. this C. that D. it2. 答案：C。本题考查代词。【句意】主大街上的绿色交通信号灯比次要的小街道上的时间长。空白处指代的是前面的the traffic，这是个抽象不可数名词，而且是特指，故应该用that；one不是特指，排除A项；this不能用于此种
117、情况，排除B项；it 是指代前面提到的同一个东西，而此处并不是同一个，而是另外街道上的交通情况，排除项D项。（2013高考英语浙江卷）11. Half of _ surveyed in 16 countries say they go first to their closest friend to share their deepest wishes and darkest fears.A. these B. some C. onesD. those11. 答案：D。考查代词。【句意】在16个国家中那些被调查的人中有一半说，他们都最先去找最亲密的朋友分享最深的祝福以及道出最大的恐惧。横线后有
118、后置定语surveyed in 16 countries，根据句意，被调查的那些人中的一半，通常用 those 来指代那些人，相当于the people，可知选D。其余选项均不合题意，故排除。（2013高考英语天津卷）12. At our factory there are a few machines similar to _ described in this magazine.A. themB. theseC. thoseD. ones12. 答案：C。本题考查代词运用。【句意】在我们工厂有一些机器和这本杂志中所描述的那些机器很相似。在含有比较句型的句子中选择代词时，如果比较对象是单数可
119、数名词和不可数名词名词，用that；如果是复数可数名词用those，本题中的比较对象是我们工厂的一些机器和杂志中描述的那些机器的对比，所以只能选择C. those。其余选项均不合题意，故排除。（2013高考英语新课标卷）14. Its an either-or situation - we can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we cant do _.A. othersB. eitherC. anotherD. both14. 答案：D。本题考查代词。【句意】这是一种“二选一”的情况，就是说，我们今年可以买一个新车，或
120、者可以去度假，但我们不能两者兼得。句中的关键词是either-or situation，既然是二选一的情况，那就不能两者都留着，因此锁定正确答案是D。其他三个选项的意思分别是“其他人或物”，“两者中的一个”，“另一个，又一个”，均不合题意，排除。（2013高考英语山东卷）21. Ive lived in New York and Chicago, but dont like _ of them very much. A. either B. any C. each D. another21. 答案： A。本题考查代词用法。【句意】我在纽约和芝加哥生活过，但是两个城市我都不是很喜欢。短语note
121、ither=neither（两者都不），故答案选A。部分考生可能会误选B，而any则指三者或三者以上中的任何一个，此句只提到了美国的纽约和芝加哥两个城市，故排除B项。C. each每一个（用于两者或两者以上），故排除；D. another三者或三者以上中的另外一个，故排除。（2013高考英语陕西卷）22. Although Rosemary had suffered from a serious illness for years, she lost _ of her enthusiasm for life. A. some B. neither C. none D. all22. 答案： C
122、。本题考查代词。【句意】虽然Rosemary遭受严重的疾病之苦好多年了，但她一点也没有失去对生活的热情。这是一个主动复合句，根据连词although可知，前后是转折关系。既然前面是遭受疾病之苦，那后面就应该是反面的意思，排除选项A和D；neither指的是两者都不，而生活的热情是不能用两个来形容的，排除选项B。（2013高考英语江西卷）23._ can be good at something for 40 years if he doesnt love it.A. AnybodyB. EverybodyC. NobodyD. Somebody23. 答案：C。考查不定代词。【句意】如果不喜欢
123、某件事，没有人能40年如一日地做好它。抓住题意和关键词，可知：没有人能，故答案选C. Nobody没有人。A. anybody任何人；B. everybody每个人，所有人；D. somebody某人，均不合题意，排除。（2013高考英语上海卷）26. Those who smoke heavily should remind _ of health, the bad smell and the feelings of other people.A. theirsB. themC. themselvesD. oneself26. 答案：C。本题考查代词。【句意】那些烟瘾很大的人应该提醒自己注意
124、健康，难闻的气味以及他人的感受。句中的those和other people为关键词，既然要顾及他人感受，自然要时刻提醒自己，而those的反身代词为“他们自己”，即themselves，故选项C正确。A. theirs为名词性物主代词，相当于their名词，意为“他们的”，故排除；B. them是人称代词they的宾格，意为“他们”，故排除；D. oneself为反身代词，意为“自己，自身”，故排除。 （2013高考英语安徽卷）27. This project requires close teamwork. _ Will be achieved unless we work well tog
125、ether.A. NothingB. AnythingC. SomethingD. Everything27. 答案：A。本题考查代词。【句意】这个项目需要紧密合作，没有好的合作就不会取得任何结果。根据句意，既然需要紧密合作，那么没有好的合作，当然是不会有啥结果的，所以正确答案是A. nothing。其余选项均不合题意，故排除。（2013高考英语辽宁卷）29. To her joy, Della earned first the trust of her students and then _of her colleagues.29. 答案：A。本题考查代词辨析。【句意】使黛拉高兴的是，她首先
126、赢得了学生的信任，接着又获得了同事的信任。A. that特指，相当于the单数可数名词或the不可数名词。根据句意，这里指“赢得同事的信任”，即the trust of her colleagues，显然是特指，故选A。 B. one相当于a/an可数名词单数；C. ones指代可数名词复数，表泛指；D. those=the ones，指代可数名词复数，表特指。均不合题意，故排除。（2013高考英语重庆卷）31. Recycling is one way to protect the environment; reusing is _.A. anotherB. the otherC. one
127、another D. one31. 答案：A。本题考查代词。【句意】再循环是保护环境的一种方式，重复利用是另外一种。another的意思是“另一个，有一个”，非特指。本题的空白处不是特指，指的是很多种中的另一种，故应该用A. another；the other 的意思是“两者中的另一个”是特指； one another的意思是“互相”；one的意思是“一个”，非特指。均不合题意，故排除。2012年试题【2012全国II】9. Sarah made _ to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning.A. herself B
128、. this C. that D. it 【答案】D【考点】考查代词的用法。【解析】此处it是形式主语，代替后面的不定式短语。句意：Sarah今天早上成功地及时到达了机场赶上了她的航班。【2012四川卷】2. New technologies have made _ possible to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost.A. that B. this C. one D. it 【答案】 D 【考点】本题考查代词。【解析】题干为固定句型：make + it + adj. + to do。其中it作形式宾语，替代动词不定式to t
129、urn out new products faster and at a lower cost。句意为：新兴科技已经使得更快地、以更低的成本生产新产品成为可能。【2012江西卷】23My brother would like to buy a good watch but was available from that shop.AnothingBnoneCno oneDneither【答案】B【考点】不定代词【解析】此处 nothing指物，什么都不是；none既可指人也可指物，强调“每一个”；no one只能指人；neither表两者都不，故此题选B。【2012重庆卷】21.-John,
130、when shall we meet again, Thursday or Friday? -_.Ill be off to London then. A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None【答案】B【考点】不定代词用法【解析】根据答语“Ill be off to London then.”可知，约定的星期三或者星期五对John来说，都不行。在选项中B选项是“两者都不”之意，符合语境。因此，正确答案为B选项。【2012北京卷】 If youre buying todays paper from the stand, could you get for me?A
131、. one B. such C. this D. that【答案】A【考点】代词的用法【解析】根据句意：如果你去报摊上买今天的报纸，给我捎回一份好吗？one作“一个”，“一本”，“一件”等解，用来代替上文提到过的paper。相当于a copy of paper.【2012浙江卷】5. Studying Wendys menu, I found that many of the items are similar to_ of McDonalds.A. thoseB. onesC. anyD. all【答案】A【考点】代词【解析】 those=that ones, 代指前面的many of th
132、e items，表示复数、特指，被of McDonalds修饰，符合语境。Ones表示复数、泛指；any任何一个；all全部，均不符合语境，故排除。【2012江苏卷】23.Sophia waited for a reply, but _ came.A. either B. another C. neither D. none【答案】D【考点】代词辨析neither/ none【解析】句意为：Sophia等候答复，但没有任何答复。根据转折连词but可知，此处应用表示否定意义的代词，所以排除A项和B项。neither意为“两者都不”；none意为“三者或三者以上都不”。根据前半句中的“a repl
133、y”提示可知，故选D项。【2012陕西卷】13. No matter where he is, he makes _a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.A. him B this C. that D. it 【答案】D 【考点】考查代词。【解析】所填词做使役动词make的形式宾语，真正宾语是to go for a walk，选D。【2012全国新课程】31. Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him, but of them wants to, because they have wo
134、rk to do.A. either B. anyC. neither D. none【答案】C【考点】考查代词的用法。【解析】根据句意可知，Bill和Peter两个人，所以其否定形式用neither。句意：Larry请求Bill和Peter一起和他去野餐，但他们两个都不想去，因为他们要工作。【2012山东卷】21. When you are done with the book, just give it to Lucy or Helen or _.A. whoeverB. whereverC. whatever D. however【答案】A【考点】考查代词的用法。【解析】此处whoeve
135、r是代词，意为：任何人，无论谁。它作to的宾语。句意：你看完书后，把书给Lucy或Helen，或谁都行。2011年高考试题1. (2011陕西卷,16）Would you get me a bar of chocolate from the kitchen, dear? one? A.Other B.Every C.Another D.More【答案】C【解析】考查不定代词与数词的连用。句意为“亲爱的，可不可以到厨房里给我拿一块巧克力来？还要吃一块？”another 与数词连用时，数词放在another的后面，如another three chairs; other和more与数词连用时，数词
136、放在它们的前面，如one more apple, two other boys；every指每一个，含义与all接近。因此选C。2. (2011湖南卷,24）I knew that _ would ever discourage him; he would never give up wanting to be a director. A. something B. anything C. everything D.nothing 【答案】D【解析】考查不定代词的用法。句意为“我知道没有什么能够阻止他；他决不会放弃做一名导演的念头。”根据后面“never give up”可知前面相应地也要用否
137、定性的不定代词nothing。因此选D。3. (2011辽宁卷,27) Would you like tea or coffee? , thank you. Ive just had some water.A. Either B. Both C. Any D. Neither【答案】D【解析】考查不定代词的用法。句意为“你是想喝茶还是咖啡？谢谢你，都不想喝。我刚才已经喝了水了。”通过后面“Ive just had some water”可以判定是拒绝tea 和coffee。neither“两者中哪个都不”，其所指范围是两个人或物；either表示“两者中的任何一个”；both“两个都”，修饰可
138、数名词，统指两者；any用于肯定句，作“任何的”解。因此选D。4.(2011江西卷25）Why dont you bring _ to his attention that youre too ill to work on?A. that B.it C.his D.him【答案】B【解析】考查代词it作形式宾语的用法。句意为“为什么你不让他注意到你病得太严重了以至于不能工作下去？”it作形式宾语，指代句子后面that引导的宾语从句。因此选B。5. (2011山东卷,24) The two girls are so alike that strangers find _ difficult to
139、 tell one from the other.A. it B. them C. her D. that【答案】A【解析】考查it的用法。句意为“这两个女孩长得很相像，不熟悉的人很难将她俩区分开来。”it在此句中充当形式宾语，代指“to tell one from the other”。 因此选A。6. (2011福建卷,21）We have various summer camps for your holidays. You can choose _ based on your own interests. A. either B. each C. one D. it 【答案】C【解析】
140、考查不定代词one的用法。句意为“在你们的假期里，我们这儿有各种暑期夏令营，你们可以根据自己的兴趣任选一个。”one代替单数可数名词，表泛指，相当于“a/an + 单数名词”。这里泛指某个summer camp夏令营。因此选C。7. (2011安徽卷,22）Surprisingly, Susans beautiful hair reached below her knees and made_ almost an overcoat for her.A. them B. her C. itself D. herself 【答案】C【解析】考查反身代词的用法。句意为“令人惊叹的是，Susan美丽的
141、长发垂到她的膝盖下面，就像一件外套似的。”反身代词itself指的是前面提到的beautiful hair。而them,her和herself指的都是人。因此选C。8.(2011浙江卷,7) Since people are fond of humor, it is as welcome in conversation as _ else. A. anything B. something C. anywhere D. somewhere 【答案】C【解析】考查不定代词的用法。句意为“人们喜爱幽默，所以，在谈话中或者别的什么地方的幽默都受人欢迎。”疑问副词anywhere与else连用，表示（
142、除了in conversation的）其他任何地方，表示场合的。而anything和something是表示超越场合的事物。因此选C。9. (2011四川卷,3）There is in his words. We should have a try.A. something B. anything C.nothing D.everything【答案】A【解析】考查不定代词的用法。句意为“他的话有些道理，我们应该试一试。”something 指不简单的事、可观的成绩、有些地位的人。因此选A。11. (2011北京卷,34）The employment rate has continued to
143、rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase .A. them B. those C. it D. that【答案】C【解析】考查代词it的用法。句意为“由于当地政府的努力，大城市里的就业率持续升高。”it代指前面交代过的“the employment rate”，是单数，而them和those是复数。因此选C。12. (2011天津卷,1）We feel our duty to make our country a better place.A. it B. this C. that
144、 D. one【答案】A【解析】考查代词it的用法。句意为“我们觉得将我们的国家变得更好是我们的职责。”it在此句中充当形式宾语，代指“to make our country a better place”。 因此选A。2010高考英语试题1.(2010高考英语上海秋季卷,27)If our parents do everything for us children, we wont learn to depend on A. themselves B. them C. us D. ourselves【答案】D【解析】本题考查反身代词，主语为we，因此应为ourselves. depend o
145、n oneself:自力更生。根据句意，选D。2(2010高考英语重庆卷,23)He had lost his temper and his health in the war and never found of them again. A.neither B. either C.each D.all 【答案】 B【解析】考察代词。由his temper and his health可以排除CD，由后面的never表否定，选either，never/not either是全部否定，相当于neither。3. (2010高考英语浙江卷,14) thats important is that y
146、ou are doing your best and moving in the right direction.AOne BAll CEverything DAnything【答案】B【解析】考查代词辨析。此处All thats important相当于Whats important，在主句中作主语，表示“重要的是”，所以选B项。4. (2010高考英语天津卷,6)In my life impressed me so deeply as my first visit to the Palace Museum.A. Anything B. Nothing C. Everything D. So
147、mething【答案】B【解析】考查代词辨析。A项意为“任何一件事情”；B项意为“没有东西，没有事情”；C项意为“每一件事情”；D项意为“一些事情”。句意为：“在我一生中没有一件事情像我第一次游览故宫那样给我留下如此深刻的印象。”5.(2010高考英语四川卷,7)On my desk is a photo that my father took of when I was a baby. A. him B. his C. me D. mine【答案】C【解析】考查代词。take a photo of sb意为给某人照相，此处应用人称代词的宾格。正确答案为C。6.(2010高考英语上海春季卷,2
148、6)It is said that two man-made structures are clearly visible from space. One is the Great Wall of China, and is Japans Kansai International Airport.Aanother Bother Cthe other Deither【答案】C【解析】考查代词的用法。两者中的一个用one，两者中的另一个用the other，上句有提示two manmade structures，所以用onethe other结构。7.(2010高考英语陕西卷,12)The cos
149、t of renting a house in central Xian is higher than _ in any other area of the city.A. that B. this C. it D. one 【答案】A【解析】考查代词的用法辨析。在西安市中心租一套房子的费用比在该市任何其他地区租一套房子的费用都要高。根据句意可知，空处指代The cost of renting a house，应该用that。8.(2010高考英语山东卷,32)Helping others is a habit, _ you can learn even at an early age.A.
150、it B. that C. what D. one【答案】 D【解析】考查代词的用法。句意应为“帮助别人是一种习惯，一个你在很小时就能学会的习惯。”空格处与前句中的habit构成同位关系，所以选择D项。句中you can learn even at an early age是省略了关系代词that 的定语从句，that在定语从句中作learn的宾语使用。9.(2010高考英语辽宁卷,33)The fact that she was foreign made _difficult for her to get a job in that country A so B. much C. that
151、D. it 【答案】D【解析】考查代词辨析。题干中含有make it difficult for sb to do sth结构。形式宾语it代替后面的动词不定式短语to get a job in that country。10.(2010高考英语江西卷,27)Swimming is my favorite sport. There is _ like swimming as a means of keeping fit.A something B anything C nothing D everything【答案】C【解析】考查不定代词。句意：游泳是我最爱的运动。再没有比游泳更好的锻炼方式了
152、。There is nothing like意即”没有什么能像了”。11.(2010高考英语福建卷,22)When you introduce me to Mr. Johnson, could you please say for me ?A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing【答案】 C【解析】考察代词。A项意为：“每件事”，B项意为“任何事”；C项意为“某事”；D项意为“没什么”。句意为：“当你把我介绍给约翰逊先生时，请为我说话吧。”something用在问剧中表示建议或请求，期望得到肯定或者所问问题可能性很大时。故选C。12.(
153、2010高考英语大纲全国I卷,23)Ill spend half of my holiday practicing English and half learning drawing. A. another B. the other C. others D. other【答案】B【解析】考查代词辨析。句意：假期我会把一半时间用于练习英语，另一半用于学习绘画。half表示“一半”，the other half表示“另一半”。the other指两个事物中的“另一个”。因此答案为B。13.(2010高考英语大纲全国II卷,14)The doctor thought _ would be good
154、for you to have a holiday.A. this B. that C. one D. it 【答案】 D【解析】考察it的用法。句意为：“医生认为对你来说休个假很好。”这里首先考察的是think后接的是一个宾语从句，这个宾语从句里含到了结构it is good for sb to do sth，在这里it作的是形式宾语，猪油it可以作形式主语或者形式宾语。【答案】 B【母题特供】每个专题5道最典型试题母题一、it/that/one用法区别I like this house with a beautiful garden in front, but I dont have en
155、ough money to buy_.A. one B. it C. this D. that母题二、人称代词主格与宾格的用法My grandma still treats me like a child. She cant imagine _ grown up. A. my B. mine C. myself D. me母题三、名词性和形容词性物主代词的用法Some of the stamps belong to me, while the rest are _. A. him and her B. his and hers C. his and her D. him and hers母题四、some, any的用法辨析Theres _ cooking oil left in the house. Would you go to the corner store and get _?A. little; some B. little; any C. a little; some D. a little; any 母题五、it充当形式主语_ worries me the way he keeps changing his mind. AThis BThat CWhat DIt
