1、河北省武强县2015高考英语阅读理解一轮限时训练题（1）及答案【陕西省2014五校联考】D阅读下列四篇短文, 从每小题后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。Food picked up just a few seconds after being dropped is less likely to contain bacteria than if it is left for longer periods of time, according to the findings of research carried out at Aston Univers
2、itys School of Life and Health Sciences. The findings suggest there may be some scientific basis to the “5 second rule” the belief about it being fine to eat food that has only had contact with the floor for five seconds or less. Although people have long followed the 5 second rule, until now it was
3、 unclear whether it actually helped. The study, undertaken by final year Biology students and led by Anthony Hilton, Professor of Microbiology at Aston University, monitored the transfer of the common bacteria from a variety of indoor flooring types (carpet, cement floor etc.) to toast, pasta, a bis
4、cuit and a sticky sweet when contact was made from 3 to 30 seconds. The results showed that: Time is a significant factor in the transfer of bacteria from a floor surface to a piece of food; and the type of flooring the food has been dropped on has an effect, with bacteria least likely to transfer f
5、rom carpeted surfaces and most likely to transfer from cement flooring surfaces to moist(湿的) foods making contact for more than 5 seconds. Professor Hilton said: “Consuming food dropped on the floor still carries an infection risk as it very much depends on which bacteria are present on the floor at
6、 the time.”The Aston team also carried out a survey of the number of people who employ the 5 second rule. The survey showed that: 87% of people surveyed said they would eat food dropped on the floor, or already have done so. 55% of those who would eat or have eaten food dropped on the floor are wome
7、n. 81% of the women who would eat food from the floor would follow the 5 second rule. Professor Hilton added, “Our study showed that a surprisingly large majority of people are happy to consume dropped food, with women the most likely to do so. But they are also more likely to follow the 5 second ru
8、le.”57. According to the passage, which of the following is true?A. A toast dropped on the carpet is easier to be polluted than that dropped on the cement floor.B. A sticky chocolate dropped on the carpet is easier to be polluted than that dropped on the cement floor within 5 seconds. C. The food dr
9、opped on the carpet shares the same potential of being polluted with the food dropped on the cement floor.D. The food dropped on the cement floor is not as safe as food dropped on the carpet within 30 seconds.58. Eating food dropped on the floor still carries an infection risk because it relies on _
10、 at that time.A. the type of bacteria B. the carpet C. the cement floor D. the surface of table59. The passage is developed probably by _. A. time B. spaceC. contrastD. example60. What is the main idea of this passage?A. The food which is dropped on the floor can be eaten safely.B. The bacteria have
11、 no negative effect on the safety of food.C. A research on the safety of food dropped on the floor is undertaken.D. People surveyed in the research are willing to accept the idea.【参考答案】57-60 DACCC72013江苏卷 -BWeve considered several ways of paying to cut in line：hiring line standers, buying tickets fr
12、om scalpers(票贩子)，or purchasing linecutting privileges directly from，say，an airline or an amusement park.Each of these deals replaces the morals of the queue(waiting your turn)with the morals of the market(paying a price for faster service)Markets and queuespaying and waitingare two different ways of
13、 allocating things，and each is appropriate to different activities.The morals of the queue，“First come, first served，” have an egalitarian(平等主义的)appeal.They tell us to ignore privilege，power，and deep pockets.The principle seems right on playgrounds and at bus stops.But the morals of the queue do not
14、 govern all occasions.If I put my house up for sale, I have no duty to accept the first offer that comes along, simply because its the first.Selling my house and waiting for a bus are different activities，properly governed by different standards.Sometimes standards change, and it is unclear which pr
15、inciple should apply.Think of the recorded message you hear，played over and over，as you wait on hold when calling your bank：“Your call will be answered in the order in which it was received.”This is essential for the morals of the queue.Its as if the company is trying to ease our impatience with fai
16、rness.But dont take the recorded message too seriously.Today, some peoples calls are answered faster than others.Call center technology enables companies to “score” incoming calls and to give faster service to those that come from rich places.You might call this telephonic queue jumping.Of course，ma
17、rkets and queues are not the only ways of allocating things.Some goods we distribute by merit，others by need，still others by chance.However，the tendency of markets to replace queues，and other nonmarket ways of allocating goods is so common in modern life that we scarcely notice it anymore.It is stri
18、king that most of the paid queuejumping schemes weve consideredat airports and amusement parks，in call centers，doctors offices，and national parksare recent developments, scarcely imaginable three decades ago.The disappearance of the queues in these places may seem an unusual concern，but these are no
19、t the only places that markets have entered.58According to the author，which of the following seems governed by the principle “First come，first served”？ATaking buses. BBuying houses.CFlying with an airline. DVisiting amusement parks.59The example of the recorded message in Paragraphs 4 and 5 illustra
20、tes _Athe necessity of patience in queuing Bthe advantage of modern technologyCthe uncertainty of allocation principle Dthe fairness of telephonic services60The passage is meant to _Ajustify paying for faster services Bdiscuss the morals of allocating thingsCanalyze the reason for standing in line D
21、criticize the behavior of queue jumping【要点综述】 本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述的是生活中购物买票等的插队问题。作者通过举例、道理分析来解读道德和市场的平衡问题，要想得到快速的服务，就要额外付出更多的费用，由此对在道德和市场竞争之间产生的矛盾进行探讨。58A推理判断题。根据第二段中的“First come, first served”和第三段“The principle seems right on playgrounds and at bus stops.But the morals of the queue do not govern all occa
22、sions.”可知选A项。59C细节判断题。根据第四段“Sometimes standards change, and it is unclear which principle should apply.”和第五段可知，有时分配的原则是不断变化的，也就是说分配原则的不确定性，故选C项。60B作者意图题。本文主要阐述了如何进行分配，讨论了基于分配原则的可变性的道德标准，故选B项。C72013江西卷 -BWhen international aid is given, steps must be taken to ensure (确保) that the aid reaches the peop
23、le for whom it is intended. The way to achieve this may not be simple. It is very difficult for a nation to give help directly to people in another nation. The United Nations Organization(UNO) could undertake to direct the distribution of aid. Here however rises the problem of costs. Also tied with
24、this is time. Perhaps the UNO could set up a body of devoted men and women in every country who can speedily distribute aid to victims of floods and earthquakes.More than the help that one nation can give to another during a disaster, it would be more effective to give other forms of help during nor
25、mal times. A common proverb says, “Give_me_a_fish_and_I_eat_for_a_day,_teach_me_to_fish_and_I_eat_for_a_lifetime.” If we follow this wise saying, it would be right to teach people from less developed nations to take care of themselves. For example, a country could share its technology with another.
26、This could be in simple areas like agriculture or in more complex areas like medical and health care or even in building satellites. Even a small country is able to help less developed nations. Sometime what is taken for granted, like the setting up of a water purification plant or the administratio
27、n of a school, could be useful for countries which are looking about to solve common problems. It does not cost much to share such simple things. Exchange students could be attached for a number of months or years and learn the required craft while on the site. They can then take their knowledge bac
28、k to their homelands and if necessary come back from time to time to clear doubts or to update themselves. Such aid will be truly helpful and there is no chance of it being temporary or of it falling into the wrong hands.Many countries run extensive courses in all sorts of skills. It will not cost m
29、uch to include deserving foreigners in these courses. Besides giving effective help to the countries concerned, there is also the buildup of friendships to consider. Giving direct help by giving materials may be effective in the short run and must continue to be given in the event of emergencies. Ho
30、wever, in the long run what is really effective would be the sharing of knowledge.61According to the author, how could international aid reach the victims in time?A. By solving the cost problems.B. By solving the transportation problems.C. By setting up a body of devoted people in every country.D. B
31、y relying on the direct distribution of the UNO.62What does the author try to express in the underlined sentence? A. Providing food is vital. B. Learning to fish is helpful.C. Teaching skills is essential. D. Looking after others is important.63The second paragraph is developed mainly_A. by example
32、B. by process C. by comparison D. by contrast64Which aid is likely to fall into the wrong hands?A. A medical team. B. An exchange program.C. A water plant. D. Financial support.65What can we infer about international aid from the passage?A. It is facing difficulties. B. It is unnecessary during norm
33、al times.C. It should be given in the form of materials.D. It has gained support from developed countries.【要点综述】 本文主要就给他国提供援助一事，提议“授人以鱼，不如授人以渔”，建议不如与他国分享知识及技术。61. C考查细节理解。由第一段最后一句“Perhaps the UNO could set up a body of devoted men and women in every country who can speedily distribute aid to victims
34、 of floods and earthquakes.”可知作者认为联合国可在每个国家设立一个捐助机构。62. C考查推理判断。由画线句后面的内容“If we follow this wise saying, it would be right to teach people from less developed nations to take care of themselves. For example, a country could share its technology with another.”可知我们要教会欠发达国家的人们照顾他们自己，在画线句子中，作者试图要表达的是教给他
35、们技能是重要的。63. A考查推理判断。由第二段第三句后“For example”后的内容可知，本段通过举例子来说明“授人以鱼，不如授人以渔”这一观点。64. D考查细节理解。由最后一段倒数第二句“Giving direct help by giving materials may be effective in the short run”可知经济的支持是暂时的。65. A考查推理判断。根据第一段的内容“When international aid is given, steps must be taken to ensure (确保)that the aid reaches the peo
36、ple for whom it is intended. The way to achieve this may not be simpleHere however rises the problem of costs. Also tied with this is time.”可推出国际援助要到达受助人手中不容易，涉及开销以及时间等问题，由此可推断国际援助正面临着困难。【陕西省西工大附中2014第七次适应性训练】C阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。Last week I talked with some of my stude
37、nts about what they wanted to do after they graduated, and what kind of job prospects they thought they had. Given that I teach students who are training to be doctors, I was surprised to find that most thought that they would not be able to get the jobs they wanted without “outside help”. “What kin
38、d of help is that?” I asked, expecting them to tell me that they would need a relative or family friend to help them out. “Surgery(外科手术)”, one replied. I was pretty alarmed by that response. It seems that the graduates of today are increasingly willing to go under the knife to get ahead of others wh
39、en it comes to getting a job. One girl told me that she was considering surgery to increase her height. “They break your legs, put in special extending screws, and slowly expand the gap between the two ends of the bone as it re-grows, you can get at least 5 cm taller!”At that point, I was shocked. I
40、 am short, I cant deny that, but I dont think I would put myself through months of agony(痛苦) just to be a few centimeters taller. I dont even bother to wear shoes with thick soles, as Im not trying to hide the fact that I am just not tall!It seems to me that there is a trend toward wanting “perfecti
41、on”, and that is an ideal that just does not exist in reality. No one is born perfect, yet magazines, TV shows and movies present images of thin, tall, beautiful people as being the norm. Advertisements for slimming aids, beauty treatments and cosmetic surgery clinics fill the pages of newspapers, f
42、urther creating an idea that “perfection” is a requirement, and that it must be purchased, no matter what the cost. In my opinion, skills, rather than appearance, should determine how successful a person is in his chosen career. 53. We can know from the passage that the author works as _. A. a docto
43、r B. a model C. a teacher D. a reporter54. Many graduates today turn to cosmetic surgery to _. A. marry a better manwoman B. become a modelC. get an advantage over others in job-hunt D. attract more admirers55. According to the passage, the author believes that _. A. everyone should purchase perfect
44、ion, whatever the costB. its right for graduates to ask for others to help them out in hunting for jobsC. it is ones appearance instead of skills that really matters in ones careerD. media are to blame for misleading young people in their seeking for surgery56. The best title for the passage should be “_”. A. Young Graduates Have Higher Expectation B. Young Graduates Look to Surgery for Better Jobs C. Young Graduates Opinion About Cosmetic Surgery D. Young Graduates Face a Different Situation in Job-hunt【参考答案】53-56. CCDB
