1、Unit 5 Canada-“The True North” 课文知识点解析ReadingA TRIP ON“THE TRUE NORTH”1.Li Daiyu and her cousin Liu Qian were on a trip to Canada to visit their cousins on the Atlantic coast. 李黛玉和其表妹刘乾正在去加拿大的途中,他们要去看望在大西洋沿岸的表兄。be on a trip to. 在去的旅途中trip n.旅行，旅游a trip to town到城里去旅行He had been away on a long trip.他已
2、外出作长途旅行了。2.Rather than take the areoplane all the way,they decided to fly from China to Vancouver and to take the train from west to east across Canada in September.她们决定9月份从中国乘飞机去温哥华，然后再改乘火车，由西向东横穿加拿大，而不是一直乘坐飞机到目的地。思维拓展trip用于此义的常见词组有：a pleasant trip一路平安round trip来回票（1）all the way 一路上way n.道路；路程;距离;(
3、要走的)路线;路途;旅途途中。e.g.On the way,a young man waved to me.路上,一个年轻人挥手招呼我。On the way home,he asked Jenny if she had enjoyed the speech.在回家的路上,他问珍妮是否喜欢这次讲演。I fell on the way to school.我在上学的路上跌倒了。要点提炼way有关的习惯用语:across the way路对面,街对面a long way off在远处,离得远all the way一路上,沿路(2)rather than 胜于，宁可，宁愿;倒不如说e.g.Id rat
4、her play tennis than swim.我宁愿打网球，不愿游泳。These shoes are comfortable rather than pretty.这双鞋不好看，但是舒服。American young people would rather get advice from strangers.美国的年轻人宁可从陌生人那里获取咨询。would （had） rather.宁愿而不rather better than似乎（较好）rather.than otherwise不是别的而是rather too稍微3.The idea that they would cross the
5、whole continent was exciting.她们将横穿整个美洲大陆的想法令人兴奋不已。that 引导同位语从句，用来解释说明idea具体内容。e.g.I have no idea when you will go abroad.我不知道你何时去国外。The question whether he will come or not is not settled.他到底来还是不来还未定下来。全析提示注意： 同位语从句中whether/that为连词，无意义，只起引导从句的作用，不在从句中充当成分， 也不可省略。4.You are going to see the great scen
6、ery on your trip.途中你们将看到美丽的风景。be going to do在此表示“按计划打算做”If I have enough money now,Im going to travel around the world.如果现在我有足够的钱，我要周游全世界。If you are going to do it,youd better do it well.如果你打算做这件事，你最好把它做好。思维拓展be going to do还可以表示“（客观迹象）预示。”e.g.Look at the clouds,There is going to be a storm.看这些乌云。天要下
7、雨了。5. .as you go eastward,you will see mountains,and pass thousands of lakes,forests and wide rivers as well as cities. 你们东行的过程中，将看到连绵的群山，经过数以千计的湖泊、森林、河流以及城市。as well as conj.既又e.g.The editors as well as the proofreaders are working overtime.编辑和校对者都在加班工作。全析提示as well也；又；同样（通常放于句末，作状语）It has been a gre
8、at grief for him as well.这同时也是他的不幸。6.The idea that you can cross Canada in less than five days is just wrong.你们认为能在不到五天的时间内横穿加拿大的想法是错误的。 cross v.穿越，横过,勾划,错过。e.g.He crossed the room to greet us.穿过房间来向我们表示欢迎。a bridge that crosses the bay穿越海湾的桥Elm Street crosses Oak Street.榆树街和橡树街相交叉。She crossed tasks
9、off her list as she did them.她在表格上划掉她已完成的任务。cross ones legs交叉着双腿His path crossed mine.他与我交错而行。思维拓展cross n.十字,交叉,十字架,十字形物adj.交叉的,相反的a cross street交叉路段the Red Cross (Society) 红十字会Jesus died on the cross.耶稣死在十字架上。7.Many people think it is the most beautiful city in Canada,as it is surrounded by mountai
10、ns on the north and east,and the Pacific Ocean on the west. 许多人认为。温哥华是加拿大最温暖美丽的城市，因为它的东部和北部群山环绕，西临太平洋。surround vt.环绕，围绕,包围e.g.The fence surrounds the school.篱笆环绕着学校。a city surrounded by suburbs被郊区包围着的城市思维拓展惯用语:be surrounded with (by)被环绕着;周围都是8.On the coast north of Vancouver some of the oldest and m
11、ost beautiful forests in the world still remain.在温哥华北面的海岸上，仍保留有世界上一些最古老、最美丽的森林。remain vi.保持,保留，仍然是e.g.These matters remain in doubt.这些事情仍然值得怀疑。Only a few trees remain.只留下了一些树。a cure remains to be found尚待发现的疗法思维拓展remain vi.还有 “逗留,剩余”的意思。e.g.We are remaining at home.我们留在家里。remain in ones mind留在记忆中9.It
12、 is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall.由于气候湿润，树木长得极其高大。extremely adv.极端地,非常地e.g.Im extremely sorry.我非常抱歉。思维拓展extreme adj.尽头的,末端的,偏激的,最后的n.极端,极端的事物10.That afternoon in the train the cousins settled down in their seats.那天下午，在火车上，姐妹俩安顿在座位上。settle down v.定居,安坐，使安坐e.g.He settled down as a far
13、mer with a family.他与一家人安顿下来务农。settle (oneself) down to work安下心来工作思维拓展settle down v.平静下来,专心于e.g.Wait until the excitement has settled down.等到兴奋的情绪镇静下来再说。11.The Calgary Stampede is a famous Western festival.喀尔加里牧人竞技会是一个很有名的西方节日。stampede n.惊跑;蜂拥e.g.There was a stampede of panic-stricken crowd from the
14、burning hotel.一群惊惶失措的人们,从失火的旅馆中跑了出来。a stampede of support for the candidate纷纷支持那个候选人思维拓展stampede v.惊跑e.g.The frightened stampeded from the burning building.惊惶失措的人群从失火的大楼中奔窜出来。12.Cowboys come from all over North America to compete in riding wild horses.来自北美各地的牛仔，参加骑野马的比赛。compete vi.竞争；竞赛e.g.to compet
15、e with others for a prize为得奖与人竞争Five children competed in the race.五个孩子参加赛跑。要点提炼compete in.参加比赛项目compete with/against sb.for sth.与某人竞争而获得某物13.Many of them have a gift of working with animals and they can win thousands of dollars in prizes.其中很多人有与动物共处的天赋，他们能够赢得数千美元的奖金。gift n.天赋,才能，天资e.g.He has a gift
16、 for poetry.他有作诗的天赋。a man of many gifts多才多艺的人gift of the gab口才全析提示gift n.赠品,礼物a birthday/Christmas gift 生日/圣诞礼物14.Two days later,they began to realize that Canada is quite empty.两天后，李黛玉和刘乾开始意识到加拿大相当空旷。quite adv.相当,十分,颇；或多或少地e.g.Susan and Alice are quite different.苏姗和艾丽丝两人很不一样。I was quite busy last w
17、eek.我上星期相当忙。She is quite pretty,but unhealthy-looking.她颇有几分姿色，但看起来并不健康。Our maths teacher is quite a character.我们的数学老师真有点与众不同。全析提示quite adv.完全,彻底,全然地quite ready完全准备好了Thats quite another matter.那完全是另外一回事。15.Most Canadians live within 320 kilometers of the USA border.多数加拿大人生活在离美国边界320千米的区域内。most adj.&
18、pron.最多的,多数的,大部分的;大多数；大部分e.g.to get the most votes得到最多的票数Most of his time is spent on traveling.他的大部分时间花在旅行上。Most people take their holidays in the summer.大多数人在夏季休假。思维拓展most adv.最,十分,最大的n.大多数,大部分e.g.She has the most to gain.她可以获得最多的收益。I like the last song most.我最喜欢最后那首歌。16.And in fact,the population
19、 of Canada is only slightly over 30 million.实际上，加拿大人口只有三千万多一点儿。population n.人口(数字);(全体)居民e.g.Whats the population of the country?这个国家有多少人口?This city has a population of more than 1 000 000.这个城市人口超过一百万。要点提炼1.问人口多少用what提问,不用how much/many。2.表示人口很多用a large population不用much/many/more等。17.They went throug
20、h a wheat-growing province and saw farms that were thousands of square kilometers in size.她们经过了一个小麦种植省，看到了数千平方千米的大农场。size n.大小,尺寸,(衣服等)尺码e.g.The two books were the same size.这两本书一样大小。The size of a wave depends on how strong the wind is,how long it blows,and how large the body of water is.波浪的大小取决于风力的
21、强弱,刮风时间的长短以及水源的大小。These shoes are Size 5.这双鞋是五号。思维拓展size vt.按大小排列/分类size up估计；判断e.g.She sized up her opponent.她评估她的对手。size a company将一连士兵按高矮排列成队18.This city is at the top end of the Great Lakes,and it is a very busy port,although it is close to the center of the country.这座城市位于五大湖的最北端，尽管靠近内陆中央，是一个繁忙的
22、港口。close adj.（常与to连用），靠近的；近的；接近的e.g.I live close to the shops.我住得离商店很近。What she said was very close to home.她说的情况非常接近事实。思维拓展close vt.关闭e.g.Its Sunday,so all the shops are closed.今天是星期天，所以这些店铺都关门了。19.The fact that ocean ships can go there surprises many people.远洋货轮却能够驶达这里,这一事实令许多人惊讶不已。surprise vt.使惊奇
23、，使惊愕（常与at连用），惊呆；使难以置信;（与into连用）使出其不意e.g.His anger surprised meI had thought he was a calm person.他的愤怒使我很惊讶，我原来以为他是个冷静的人。He was so surprised at being discovered that he did not even try to run away.此人由于被发现而非常吃惊,甚至都没有想起逃跑。His collegues were surprised at his absurd behavior.同事们对他那荒诞的行为感到吃惊。思维拓展surprise
24、 n.惊奇, 惊人之事e.g.Dont tell him about the presentits a surprise.不要告诉他礼物的事，这是一件意想不到的礼物。I looked at him in surpriseI didnt expect to see him again.我惊奇地看他，没想到又见到他。20.That night,they slept as the train rushed through the night across the top of Lake Superior,through the forests and southward toward Toronto
25、.那天夜里，当列车急驰过苏必利尔湖北部，穿越数片森林、向南驶往多伦多的时候，姐妹俩在车上睡着了。as conj.当 的时候,一边一边,随着e.g.I slipped on the ice as I ran home.我跑回家时在冰上滑了一跤。She sang as she worked.她一边工作一边唱歌。I saw him as he was getting off the bus.正当他下公共汽车时,我看见了他。As a child,he lived in America.他小时候住在美国。You will grow wiser as you grow older.随着你年龄的增长,你会变
26、得更聪明。思维拓展as conj.与一样,像;因为，当之时,e.g.Run as I do.像我这样跑。Leave it as it is.保持原状, 不要动它。He can run as fast as I can.他能跑得和我一样快。She works in the same building as my sister.她和我的妹妹在同一栋大楼上班。I went to bed early,as I was exhausted.我睡得早，因为我筋疲力尽了。Reading 2“THE TRUE NORTH” FROM TORONTO TO MONTREAL1.and there was fro
27、st on the groundfall had arrived in Canada.地上到处是霜秋天已经来到了加拿大。fall n.秋季,瀑布,落差,采伐量,堕落,下降e.g.Fall is coming.秋天快到了。He suffered a fall from his horse.他从马背上跌了下来。There has been a fall in the price of food.食品的价格有所下跌。A fall of rocks and earth blocked the road.落下的岩石和泥土阻塞了道路。a heavy fall of rain大雨A fall into th
28、e pit,a gain in your wit.吃一堑,长一智。思维拓展fall vi.倒下,落下,失守,垮台,下跌,阵亡e.g.The book fell off the shelf.这本书从架子上掉了下来。The price of food has fallen.食品价格下跌。Night fell quickly.夜色很快降临。fall asleep入睡The city fell (to the enemy) 这座城市沦陷了。2.Around noon they arrived in Toronto,the most wealthy and biggest city in Canada.
29、中午,他们抵达多伦多，这座加拿大最富有、最大的城市。around prep.大约，左右around 20 people大约20人e.g.Come around four.大约在4点钟来。There are around 80 pyramids in Egypt.在埃及大约有80座金字塔。思维拓展around prep.在周围,四处e.g.There was a fence around the yard.在院子的四周围有一圈篱笆。3.In the distance,they could see the misty cloud that rose from the great Niagara F
30、alls.从远处，他们能看到一层薄雾从尼亚加拉大瀑布上方弥漫开来。in the distance 在远处,在很远的那边e.g.I could see the bus coming in the distance.我看见公共汽车从远处开来了。思维拓展相似词组:at a distance相距,相隔keep ones distance保持一定距离，客客气气4.The water flows into the Niagara River and over the falls,on its way to the sea.这些水流进尼亚加拉河，越过瀑布，奔向大海。此句中的动词flows 后跟介词into，
31、over，on。本课类似的句子还有：That night,they slept as the train rushed through the night across the top of Lake Superior,through the forests and southward toward Toronto.那天夜里，当列车急驰过苏必利尔湖北部，穿越数片森林、向南驶往多伦多的时候，姐妹俩在车上睡着了。要点提炼这样做让读者能清晰地想象出河水涌流的生动形象，及列车穿行于各地的状态。5.The cousins were invited to have dinner in downtown C
32、hinatown,one of the three in Toronto.表姐妹俩应邀在市区内的唐人街吃午餐，这是多伦多市三个唐人街中的一个。downtown n.城镇中心区e.g.live in downtown New York住在纽约闹市区思维拓展downtown adv.在市区,往市区adj.市区的go/live downtown去/住在商业区6.It is too bad you cant go as far as Ottawa,Canadas capital.你们如果不去渥太华，加拿大的首都，那真是太遗憾了。(1)bad adj.后悔的；遗憾的e.g.She feels bad a
33、bout how she treated you.她对于那样对待你而感到后悔。I felt bad about not being able to attend your birthday party yesterday evening.昨晚未能出席你的生日聚会深感抱歉。(2)as far as adv.远到,直到e.g.They went to as far as the sea.他们一直走到海边。全析提示(1)bad adj.劣质的，有害的，坏的；腐烂的，不道德的，不适宜的，令人不愉快的， 病痛的；不健康的(2)as far as至于e.g.They returned at nine,as
34、 far as we know.据我们所知，他们是九点返回的。7.It is about four hundred kilometers northeast of Toronto,so it would take too long.它在多伦多市东北部大约400千米的地方，所以路途比较远。so it would take too long在此处是虚拟语气的用法，完整意思应该是（If you went there,it would take too long）假如你要去的话，路途比较远。要点提炼虚拟语气是一种假设的口气，对将来事实的虚拟。常见用: If + 一般过去时/were to do/wer
35、e going to do,+主句(would/should/might+do)8.There were signs and ads in French,but some of them had English words in smaller letters.那里有用法语写的标识和广告，但其中的一些也配有小写英文。sign标记,记号,征兆,迹象,告示;标语;牌示,牌子,征候e.g.He made a sign for me to follow him.他向我示意跟着他（走）。The sign by the road said “No Parking”.路边的牌子上写着“禁止停车”。 Ther
36、e are no signs of life about the house.这房子没有有人住的迹象。全析提示sign v.署名,签署，打招呼；做手势e.g.He signed me to be quiet.他做手势要我安静。9.As they sat in a caf looking over the broad St Lawrence River,a young man sat down with them. 正当她们坐在咖啡馆里向外瞭望宽阔的圣劳伦斯河的时候，一个年轻人和他们坐到了一起。looking over在这里是现在分词短语作sat的伴随状语。look over查看;过目；翻阅，浏
37、览,从上面看,检查,原因 调查10. .And I was wondering where you are from.并且我想知道你们从哪里来。wonder vt.对感到惊讶,惊奇,想知道e.g.Ted wondered why he was wanted by the police,but he went to the station yesterday.特德不知道为什么警察局要他去,但昨天他去了。I wonder why James is always late for school.我想知道为什么詹姆斯上学总是迟到。思维拓展wonder 的习惯用语Its a wonder.难得；奇怪的是
38、e.g.Its a wonder you recognized me.难得你还认得我。(Its) no wonder 难怪；并不奇怪；当然No wonder he is not hungry;he has been eating sweets all day.难怪他不饿，他整天在吃糖果。Grammar1.同位语从句同位语从句跟在一个名词后，对其作进一步解释；同位语从句常用的连接词是that。e.g.I had no idea that you were here.我不知道你在这儿。The news that our team won the basketball match excited u
39、s all.我们取得篮球比赛胜利的消息，令我们大家非常激动。同位语从句有时被别的词把它和名词隔开：e.g.The story goes that William Tell killed the tyrant with an arrow.传说威廉泰尔用箭射死了暴君。带同位语从句的名词有news(消息)，fact（事实），idea(主意),thought(想法)，hope（希望），order（命令）,等等。2.if,whether引导的名词从句 （1）yes-no型疑问从句从属连词if,whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的，因此也分别被称为yes-no型疑问从句和选择型疑
40、问从句，其功能和wh-从句的功能相同。例如：主语：Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved.这一计划是否可行还有待证实。宾语：Let us know whether/if you can finish the article before Friday.请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章写完。表语：The point is whether we should lend him the money.问题在于我们是否应该借钱给他。同位语：They are investigating the question whether the ma
41、n is trustworthy.他们调查他是否值得信赖。形容词宾语： Shes doubtful whether we shall be able to come.她怀疑我们是否能够前来。介词宾语：I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness.我担心他是否能度过疾病的危险期。（2）选择性疑问从句选择性疑问从句由关联词if/whether.or或whether.or not构成。e.g.Please tell me whether/if they are Swedish or Danish.请告诉我他们是
42、瑞典人还是丹麦人。I dont care whether you like the plan or not.我不在乎你是否喜欢该计划。My classmates introduced me to the pleasure on the internet.我的同学向我介绍了上网的乐趣。introduce sth.into.将引进e.g.Its necessary to introduce advanced technology into our production.将先进技术引进到生产上来是必要的。要点提炼将think,believe,suppose,expect,fancy,imagine等
43、动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。e.g.I dont think I know you.我想我并不认识你。注意：若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。e.g.I hope you werent ill.我想你没有生病吧。2.将seem,appear 等后的从句的否定转移到前面。e.g.It doesnt seem that they know where to go.看来他们不知道往哪里去。3.if引导的名词性从句不能作主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句及介词的宾语从句。e.g.I havent settled the question of whether Ill go back home.我还没有决定是否要回家去。
