1、云南省水富市第一中学2021-2022学年高一上学期9月英语诊断卷（二）第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AUrban household assets reach average of 3.18 million yuan in 2019Editors note: Urban residents average household assets（资产）were about 3.18 million yuan in China in 2019 and that of Beijing
2、 residents was about 8.93 million yuan, the highest in the country.Distribution of household assets of urban residentsUrban residents household assets are mainly physical assets with housing as the main part, accounting for about 80% of the total.The housing ownership rate was 96%, 1.5 sets for each
3、 household on average. 58.4% families have one set of housing 31.0% families have two sets of housing10.5% families have three or more sets of housingHousehold average assets in eastern regions are higher than other parts of China, with the amount in Northeast China the lowest, accounting for about
4、one third of East China.Top three regions with highest household assets in China in 2019 are Beijing, Shanghai and Jiangsu province.Middle-aged and young people and well-educated people are more likely to have debtsAverage household debt: 512,000 yuanFamilies with householders aged 65 or above are m
5、ore likely to invest in financial products including wealth management, asset management and trust.The average value was about 239,000 yuan, about 1.4 times the average.Household debt participation rate by householders education levelHousehold debt participation rate by ageAbout 73. 1% of those aged
6、 between 26 and 35 have household debt.1How many families have more than two sets of housing, according to the passage?A58.4%.B31.0%.C10.5%.D96%.2Which region has the highest household assets in China in 2019?ABeijing.BShanghai.CJiangsu.DNortheast China.3Who does probably have the most household deb
7、t, according to the report?ALi Hua, graduating from high school, 37 years old, working as a self-employed.BSun Yi, masters degree, 35 years old, working in a IT company.CZhang Yinyin, college degree, 18 years old, studying in a key university.DChen Rui, Bachelors degree, 69 years old, retired from t
8、he work.B Jeremy Locke, who owns a roofing and construction company in Glace Bay, Nova Scotia, had always been wanting to repair the roof of Jeanette MacDonalds home. Whenever he drove past the womans home, he assumed that the roof was under repair because the job had already been taken on by anothe
9、r group of repairmenbut as the weeks wore on, the roof continued to worsen without any signs of repair.“ I had it in my mind that if no one steps up to help this lady in our community, Id be more than happy to,” Locke told CBCWhen Locke finally reached out to MacDonald about fixing her roof for free
10、, however, she politely declined his offer because she did not like to accept charity. That being said, she had already applied for a government grant （补助金） to fix the roof and she said she was more than happy to hire Locke once her grant application was approved.Unfortunately, MacDonald never recei
11、ved the approval.As the stubborn （固执的） Canadian senior refused to accept any assistance from Locke, the sympathetic construction worker played an innocent trick in order to get her to accept his help. He invited MacDonald to enter a raffle （抽奖活动）that his business was holding for a free roof. After t
12、he grandmother of four accepted one of the raffle tickets, Locke told her that she was the winnerbecause she was the only one who had entered the raffle.Thanks to his sweet little plan, Locke and his crew are starting work on the roof this week, which is expected to cost his company about $9, 000.Ma
13、cDonald, meanwhile, told CBC that she doesnt know how to express her gratitude to Locke, saying that he is her “guardian angel”.Theres nobody out there like him, she added.4What did Locke desire to do for MacDonald?ARepair her roof.BFind a repairman.CRun a charity.DRaise money.5Why did MacDonald ref
14、use Lockes offer initially?AShe didnt trust him.BShe had won a raffle.CShe didnt like free help.DShe had got an official grant.6How did Locke finally make MacDonald change her mind?AHe persuaded her to give up her application.BHe invited her to enter his business.CHe gave her about $9, 000.DHe told
15、her a white lie.7Which of the following words best describe Locke?AStubborn and tricky.BWealthy and innocent.CDetermined and warm-hearted.DDifferent and ambitious.C People made wings and strapped them to their arms. They flapped their arms but couldnt fly. They built gliders(滑翔机), light aircraft wit
16、h wings. Some didnt work, but some did.The gliders that worked had special wings. These wings were arched on both the top and the bottom. The air pulled the wings from above and pushed the wings from below. When the wings went up, so did the glider! Arched wings help create a force called lift. Lift
17、 is the force that keeps the gliders in the air.Most gliders have long, thin wings. The wings create enough lift to carry the aircraft and its passengers. Gliders usually ride currents of air the same way a hawk soars(飞翔).Gliders are very light, and long wings and air currents can give them enough l
18、ift to fly. But to carry more than just a passenger or two, an aircraft needs a lot more lift. The question is: How do you create more lift?The engine is the answer!The engine is a machine that changes energy into movement. The forward movement that an airplane needs to fly is called thrust. More th
19、rust makes an airplane move forward faster. Moving faster creates more lift. And with more lift, an airplane can carry more weight so an aircraft with an engine can carry passengers or cargo.In 1903 the Wright brothers figured out how to get wings and an engine to work together in order to give an a
20、irplane enough thrust to fly. They made the first powered flight at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina.Since then people have made airplanes that can fly faster than sound can travel. They have made airplanes that can fly all the way around the world without stopping.Today, thousands of people travel in air
21、planes every day. People really have learned how to fly!8If a flyer wants to stay in the air, it needs enough _.AliftBthrustCwingsDengines9What made the flyers moving forward in the sky?AThe air.BThe lift.CThe thrust.DThe wind.10An airplane can carry heavy weight and fly very fast mostly because of
22、_.Athe liftBthe thrustCthe soundDthe engine11The whole passage mainly tells us _.Ahow gliders were builtBhow important the engine wasChow people learned to flyDhow the first airplane was madeD When people pause before replying to a question, even for just a few seconds, their an-swers are supposed t
23、o be less sincere and believable than if they had replied immediately. And the longer the hesitation lasts, the less sincere the response appears.Researchers conducted a series of experiments involving more than 7, 500 individuals. Participants either listened to an audio record, viewed a video or r
24、ead an account of a person responding to a simple question. In each case, the response time varied from immediate to a 10-second delay. Participants then rated the sincerity of the response on a sliding scale. Across all 14 experiments, participants consistently rated delayed responses as less since
25、re re-gardless of the question.The findings have wide connotations. Whenever people are interacting, they are judging each others sincerity. These results can be applied to a wide range of interactions, going from workplace chats to couples and friends arguing. Further, in job interviews and in cour
26、t hear-ings and trials, people are often tasked with judgments of sincerity. Here, too, response speed could play a part. In general, whenever there is a response that requires an answer, such as in a job interview, delayed responses can be thought as less sincere.It would be unfair for the responde
27、r, such as a crime suspect, if the response delay was sorted by mistake into thought control or answer making up when it was in fact caused by a different factor, such as simply being distracted or thoughtful. The experiment also found that definitely instructing participants to ignore delayed respo
28、nse reduced, but did not com-pletely remove, the effect of delayed response on judgment of sincerity or guilt. Nevertheless, on the whole, a fast response seems to be regarded as more sincere, while a response that is delayed for even a couple of seconds may be considered a slow lie.12What does the
29、reliability of answers lie on according to the study?AThe response time.BThe answer content.CThe tone of speakers.DThe difficulty of questions.13What does the underlined word “connotations” in paragraph 3 probably mean?AChoices.BResponsibilities.CMeanings.DPossibilities.14What effects does the study
30、 result have on our life?AIt is a test to judge honesty.BIt can prevent a lot of crimes.CIt improves skills in asking questions.DIt promotes the harmony between people.15What can we infer from the last paragraph?ADelayed answers are lies.BIt is unfair to require all to answer slowly.CDelayed answers
31、 can lead to misjudgment.DDelayed response should be ignored completely.第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项，选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Useful Memory StrategiesForm associations between new and remembered information. If you can link new ideas with previously established ones, then, you can increase t
32、he chance that new memories will be formed. Try coming up with a familiar picture, song, joke, or rhyme. 16 Form a picture in your mind that includes the new fact.17 It may be boring, but simply repeating new information over and over in different ways will help it stick in your brain better, especi
33、ally if you space out the repetition over time. For example, if youre trying to remember the definition of a new word, read it several times to yourself. Then speak the definition out loud a couple times, and try writing it down once or twice.Teach someone else the information youre trying to learn.
34、 Teaching others can help you remember and understand things better. Find a classmate or co-worker who needs to learn the same information, form a study group, and take turns teaching each other different concepts. 18!Test yourself after learning something new. 19 You have to actually practice findi
35、ng the information from your memory in order to strengthen the connections within your brain. 20 In this way, you can make sure youve got them right. If you answer something wrong, you will be more likely to remember it incorrectly in the future as well, so instantly correct yourself and repeat the
36、right answer a few more times.ABe sure to immediately check your answers.BMake sure that the basic information is right.CAnd you can associate them with the new material.DRepeat new facts as soon as you come across them.E.Simply re-reading the same information isnt good enough.F.Then keep trying eff
37、ective methods and cooperation with others.G.Alternately, ask your friends if theyre willing to learn something new from you.第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节（共20小题； 每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。I can still remember the afternoon when we climbed the mountain as if it were yester
38、day. It was a sunny day. _21_ to spend some time outdoors, I went up the mountain with Uncle Jimmy. The mountain was not easy to climb and had tough rocks and streams on it. In the end, _22_ and hot, I couldnt go any further. _23_, we went back down the mountain in the end. On the way back down, Unc
39、le Jimmy asked me a question, which _24_ me speechless for a second: “Whats your dream, young lady?” “I have no idea,” I answered after thinking for a while. Then he smiled and told me about his _25_. He didnt _26_ well at school when he was a student. Although _27_ thought he could succeed, he knew
40、 _28_ what his dream was to be a _29_. “I knew I wasnt _30_ when it came to studying, so I tried to buy snacks from a nearby market and sell them after class,” he told me. After he left school, he started selling different items to _31_ which one was most attractive to customers. Of course, he often
41、 had no money in his pocket, but _32_ difficult life was, he never gave up.“There is no _33_ that a person who puts in a great deal of _34_ to reach his or her goal will have good luck at some point. The meaning of life is to chase your dream,” he said gently.That night I could not fall asleep. With
42、 my eyes wide open, I lay in bed tossing and turning, asking myself, “Whats my motivation?” I wanted to be a top student, but the hard work _35_ meant putting everything into following my _36_. If I find myself _37_ willpower, what should I do? Leaving home early the next morning, I climbed the moun
43、tain again all by myself. It made me think: If we dont _38_ the climb, how can we get to enjoy the scenery on the top of the mountain? At last, I reached the top and was _39_ by the warm breeze and sunshine. Nothing could be more _40_ than that.21. A. HesitantB. UnwillingC. SatisfiedD. Eager22A. wor
44、riedB. anxiousC. exhaustedD. scared23. A. ConsequentlyB. HoweverC. Meanwhile D. Furthermore24. A. causedB. leftC. pushedD. brought25. A. careerB. storyC. idea D. confusion26. A. behaveB. performC. respondD. impress27. A. somebodyB. everybodyC. nobodyD. anybody28. A. shortlyB. directlyC. clearlyD. ra
45、pidly29. A. chefB. scholarC. deliveryman D. businessman30. A. giftedB. skilledC. diligent D. knowledgeable31. A. make sureB. check inC. figure out D. count on32. A. whateverB. howeverC. wherever D. whichever33. A. needB. doubtC. wonder D. possibility34. A. talentB. potentialC. ambitionD. effort35. A
46、. directedB. connectedC. pulledD. involved36. A. passionB. abilityC. strengthD. demand37. A. lackingB. sharingC. desiring D. possessing38. A. graspB. approachC. experience D. recognize39. A. shockedB. amusedC. honoredD. greeted40. A. pleasantB. unexpectedC. relaxing D. challenging第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，
47、满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Moving around Bogota can be a bit of an extreme experience. On the one hand, this city has a bad reputation for having the worlds 41 (bad) traffic. Yet, on the other, its cycling infrastructure- 42 (onsider) a model of sustainable urban traffic. This city even h
48、as a special movement called Ciclovia, 43 (encourage) l.5 million people to bike for 128 km on car-free streets each Sunday morning. Carlos Pardo, 44 local cycling supporter at the New UrbanTraffic Union says: “Everyone starts using a bicycle because we have this bike culture thanks to the Ciclovia.
49、 ” Biking has regained 45 (popular) around the world as urban residents avoid using public transport ever since the outbreak of coronavirus. Now, many supporters are working with the local government 46 the hope of turning these pandemic response measures into lasting changes, which will 47 (dramati
50、cal) change the way people travel across cities.Next 48 (come) the question of how government can keep citizens cycling to work once the coronavirus passes. Local authorities need 49 (improve) the bike networks, ensuring that they are well maintained even in poor weather. Plus, they can carry out si
51、mple policies 50 can encourage cycling, including cutting down tax, reducing healthcare costs or offering workers compensation packages that include benefits for bike riders.第三部分 写作（共两节，满分30分）第一节 短文改错（共10题；每小题1分，满分10分）一、假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加:
52、在缺词处加一个漏字符号(),并在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改:在错的词下画一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。In my childhood, my parents sent me to learn Chinese calligraphy. However, things are quite oppositeto their expectations. Not only I get bored with hours of practice but also I doubted a
53、bout the valuable of it. Nevertheless, when I entered high school, write calligraphy proved both essential or beneficial. It was at that time when I realized how important it is to master a certain skill.Judging from my own experience, I want to say a few word to those children who have a same troub
54、le as I did. Do not refuse to learn a s第二节 书面表达（满分25分）假定你是李华，你校正在选拔交换生去英国St.Mary School学习。请你给英语老师 Mr.Smith 写信推荐自己，要点如下：1推荐自己；2. 自荐理由（性格、能力等方面）。关注：1写作回数应为80左右：2请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Dear Mr Smith,_Li HuaA这是一篇新闻报道。2019年中国城镇居民平均家庭资产(资产)约为318万元。文章从四个方面对此进行了分析。其中北京居民约为893万元，居全国首位。1C细节理解题。根据文章第二段Distribution
55、of household assets of urban residents中的10.5% families have three or more sets of housing. 10.5%家庭拥有三套或三套以上住房。由此可知，超过两套及以上房产的家庭有10.5%。故选C。2A细节理解题。根据第二段Distribution of household assets of urban residents中的 Top three regions with highest household assets in China in 2019 are Beijing, Shanghai and Jian
56、gsu province. 2019年中国家庭资产最高的前三个地区是北京、上海和江苏省。由此可知，2019年中国家庭资产最高的地区是北京。故选A。3B推理判断题。根据Household debt participation rate by householders education level中的图表可知，家庭债务参与率最高的是有masters degree（博士学位）的人，由此可推知，B项（Sun Yi, masters degree, 35 years old, working in a IT company）可能家庭债务率最高。故选B。B这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Jeremy Lock
57、e为Jeanette MacDonald免费修理屋顶的经历。4C细节理解题。根据第一段“Jeremy Locke, who owns a roofing and construction company in Glace Bay, Nova Scotia, had always been wanting to repair the roof of Jeanette MacDonalds home.”可知，Jeremy Locke一直都很想修理Jeanette MacDonald家的屋顶，A项切合题意。故选A项。5C推理判断题。根据第三段“she politely declined his of
58、fer because she did not like to accept charity.”可知，她礼貌地拒绝了Locke的帮助是因为他不想接受免费的帮助，C项切题。故选C项。6D推理判断题。根据第五段中“As the stubborn （固执的） Canadian senior refused to accept any assistance from Locke, the sympathetic construction worker played an innocent trick in order to get her to accept his help”可知，因为这位固执的加拿
59、大老人拒绝Locke的帮助，这个有同情心的建筑工人玩了一个善意的伎俩来让她接受帮助，意在表明Locke说了一个善意的谎言使得MacDonald改变了主意，D项切题。故选D项。7C推理判断题。根据第二段中“I had it in my mind that if no one steps up to help this lady in our community, Id be more than happy to”可知如果没人出面帮这位女士修屋顶，Locke非常愿意帮忙修理，表明Locke乐于助人，很热心。结合下文第五段中“As the stubborn （固执的） Canadian senior
60、 refused to accept any assistance from Locke, the sympathetic construction worker played an innocent trick in order to get her to accept his help.”可知为了让MacDonald接受帮助，Locke说了一个善意的谎言，意在表明Locke是一个很有决心的人，C项“有决心、热心”符合题意。故选C项。C本文是一篇说明文。本文主要告诉人们是怎样学会飞行的。8A细节理解题。根据第二段的Lift is the force that keeps the glider
61、s in the air. 升力是使滑翔机保持在空中的力。由此可知，如果一个飞行器想要停留在空中，它需要足够的升力，故选A。9C细节理解题。根据第六段的The forward movement that an airplane needs to fly is called thrust. 飞机飞行所需要的向前运动叫做推力，由此可知，推力使飞行器在空中向前移动，故选C。10D细节理解题。根据第六段的And with more lift, an airplane can carry more weight so an aircraft with an engine can carry passen
62、gers or cargo. 随着升力的增加，飞机可以承载更多的重量，所以有引擎的飞机可以承载乘客或货物。由此可知，一架飞机能够携带重物并且飞得很快，这主要是因为它的发动机，故选D。11C主旨大意题。浏览全文以及文章最后一段的People really have learned how to fly人们真的学会了飞行，可知本文主要告诉人们是怎样学会飞行的，故选C。D这是一篇说明文。当人们在回答问题前稍做停顿时，即使只有几秒钟，他们的回答也会被认为不如立即回答来得真诚和可信。犹豫的时间越长，回应就显得越不真诚。12A推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“Across all 14 experiment
63、s, participants consistently rated delayed responses as less sincere regardless of the question.(在所有的14个实验中，参与者一致认为不管问题是什么，延迟的回答都不够真诚)”可知，答案的可靠性取决于响应时间。故选A。13C词句猜测题。根据第三段第三句和第四句“These results can be applied to a wide range of interactions, going from workplace chats to couples and friends arguing. F
64、urther, in job interviews and in court hear-ings and trials, people are often tasked with judgments of sincerity.(这些结果可以应用于广泛的互动，从工作聊天到夫妻和朋友之间的争吵。此外，在工作面试、法庭听证和审判中，人们经常被要求做出真诚的判断)”可知，这些发现有广泛的含义。由此推知，划线词connotations意为“含义”。故选C。14A细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“Nevertheless, on the whole, a fast response seems to be
65、 regarded as more sincere, while a response that is delayed for even a couple of seconds may be considered a slow lie.(然而，总的来说，一个快速的反应似乎被认为是更真诚的，而一个反应延迟甚至几秒钟可能被认为是一个缓慢的谎言)”可知，这个研究的结果在我们生活中的影响是这是一种判断诚实与否的考验。故选A。15C推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“It would be unfair for the responder, such as a crime suspect, if the r
66、esponse delay was sorted by mistake into thought control or answer making up when it was in fact caused by a different factor, such as simply being distracted or thoughtful.(如果把反应延迟误归为思想控制或编造答案，而实际上是由于其他原因，如分心或考虑太多，这对应答者来说是不公平的，比如犯罪嫌疑人)”可知，延迟的回答会导致错误的判断。故选C。【点睛】做细节题时，用题干直接在文章中进行定位，与题干意思相符的原文或是在原文附近就
67、是答案的位置。如第二题，根据题干What made the flyers moving forward in the sky?可定位在原文的第六段的The forward movement that an airplane needs to fly is called thrust.既是答案所在。21.D考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因为渴望户外的时光，我与Jimmy叔叔一起去爬山。A. Hesitant犹豫的；B. Unwilling不情愿的；C. Satisfied感到满意的；D. Eager渴望的。根据后文“to spend some time outdoors, I went up the
68、 mountain with Uncle Jimmy”可知阳光明媚的美好天气下，应该是户外游玩的好时候，作者渴望在这样好的日子里去户外，故选D。22.C考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最后，我又累又热，再也走不动了。A. worried担忧的； B. anxious 焦虑的；C. exhausted感到疲劳的；D. scared害怕的。根据后文“and hot, I couldnt go any further”可知，作者最后是因为感到劳累与天气热而放弃这次爬山。故选C。23.A考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，最后我们下山返回了。A. Consequently因此；B. However然而；C. Me
69、anwhile期间，同时；D. Furthermore而且。上文提到作者因为感到劳累与天气热走不动，后文则说下山返回了，为因果关系，Consequently符合语境。故选A。24.B考查动词词义辨析。句意：在下山返回的路上，Jimmy叔叔问了我一个问题 ，使我一时无言以对，他说：“你的梦想是什么，小姐？”。A. caused 引起；B. left留下；C. pushed推；D. brought带来。根据后文“me speechless for a second”可知，是叔叔的话作者无言以对。短语“leave sb. adj”，形容词speechless 作宾补，其他选项无此用法。故选B。25.
70、B考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后他笑着给我讲了他自己的故事。A. career事业；B. story故事；C. idea主意；D. confusion困惑。结合后面讲叔叔上学时的经历，可知是他给作者讲的是他本人的故事，故选B。26.B考查动词词义辨析。句意：学生时期他在校表现不好。A. behave行为；B. perform表现；C. respond回应；D. impress印象。根据后文“well at school when he was a student”可知，是指学生时期在校表现不好。故选B。27.C考查不定代词词义辨析。句意：虽然没有人认为他会功，但是他清楚的知道自己的梦想是什么。A
71、. somebody某人；B. everybody每人；C. nobody没有人；D. anybody任何人。上文提到叔叔在校表现不好，所以是没有人会认为他会成功。故选C。28.C考查副词词义辨析。句意：虽然没有人认为他会成功，但他清楚地知道他的梦想是什么成为一个商人。A. shortly简短地； B. directly直接地；C. clearly清楚地；D. rapidly快速地。根据后文“what his dream was to be a”可知，叔叔清楚地知道自己的梦想是做一名商人。故选C。29.D考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然没有人认为他会成功，但他清楚地知道他的梦想是什么成为一个商人。
72、A. chef厨师；B. scholar学者；C. deliveryman送货员； D. businessman商人。结全下文“I tried to buy snacks from a nearby market and sell them after class”他卖各种东西可知，他的梦想是做一名商人。故选D。30.A考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我知道我在学习方面没有天赋。A. gifted有天赋的；B. skilled技术娴熟的；C. diligent勤劳的；D. knowledgeable有学识的。根据上文“He didntwell at school when he was a stud
73、ent. ”可知，叔叔在学校表现不好，说明他在学习上没有天赋。故选A。31.C考查动词短语辨析。句意：离开学校后，他开始出售不同的商品，以弄清楚哪种商品最能吸引顾客。 A. make sure确保；B. check in登记入住；C. figure out理解，弄明白；D. count on依赖。根据后文“which one was most attractive to customers.”可知，此处是指叔叔搞清楚顾客最想买什么，故选C。32.B考查连词词义辨析。句意：当然，他的口袋里经常没有钱，但无论生活多么困难，他从不放弃。A. whatever无论什么；B. however不管怎样，无
74、论如何；C. wherever无论哪里；D. whichever无论哪个。引导让步状语从句，表示“无论多么困难”应用however。故选B。33.B考查名词词义辨析。句意：毫无疑问，一个人如果付出了巨大的努力去实现他或她的目标，他会在某个时候拥有好运。A. need需要；B. doubt怀疑；C. wonder奇迹；D. possibility可能性。此处为固定句型there is no doubt that“毫无疑问”。故选B。34.D考查名词词义辨析。句意：毫无疑问，一个人如果付出了巨大的努力去实现他或她的目标，他会在某个时候拥有好运。A. talent天赋；B. potential潜能；
75、 C. ambition雄心壮志；D. effort付出，努力。结合后文“to reach his or her goal”以及常识可知，指人要付出努力，才能实现梦想。故选D。35.D考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想当一名尖子生，但是所涉及的艰辛工作意味着我所做的每件事都要跟随我的激情。A. directed被指导；B. connected被连接；C. pulled被拉；D. involved涉及。结合上文“I wanted to be a top student, but the hard work”可知，要想成为尖子生，就要涉及到投入艰辛的工作。故选D。36.A考查名词词义辨析。句意：我想当一
76、名尖子生，但是所涉及的艰辛工作意味着我所做的每件事都要跟随我的激情。A. passion激情，酷爱的事物；B. ability能力；C. strength优点；D. demand需求。结合上文可知，追求自己的梦想，就该跟随自己内心的激情，做自己喜爱的事物，故选A。37.A考查动词词义辨析句意：如果发现自己缺乏意志力，我该怎么办？ A. lacking缺乏；B. sharing分享；C. desiring渴望；D. possessing拥有。结合上文作者登山半途要返回，可知，作者发现自己缺乏意志力，故选A。38.C考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果不经历攀登，我们怎能享受到顶峰上的风景？A. gras
77、p抓住；B. approach靠近；C. experience经历；D. recognize辨认。根据“I climbed the mountain again all by myself.”可知，只有经历攀爬之艰辛，才有机会领略到顶峰上的美景，故选C。39.D考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后，我到达了山顶，迎接我的是温暖的微风和阳光。A. shocked震惊；B. amused娱乐；C. honored荣誉；D. greeted问候，迎接。根据“I reached the top”以及“by the warm breeze and sunshine.”可知，此处作者站在顶峰上，迎接作者的是顶峰的
78、美景，greet符合语境。故选D。40.A考查形容词义辨析。句意：没有比这更令人愉快的了。A. pleasant愉悦的；B. unexpected意料之外的；C. relaxing放松的；D. challenging挑战的。结合通篇全文，作者最后登上了山顶，领略到顶峰上的美景，战胜自己，明白了叔叔的鼓励，为追求梦想，坚定了自己的意志力，所以此时的内心感觉是愉悦的。故选A。【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍波哥大有着世界上交通最糟糕的坏名声，然而它的自行车基础设施被认为是可持续的城市交通模式。自冠状病毒爆发以来，随着城市居民避免使用公共交通工具，自行车在世界各地重新流行起来。接下来的问题是，一旦
79、新冠肺炎过去，政府如何让公民骑自行车上班。41worst考查形容词最高级。句意：一方面，这个城市有着世界上交通最糟糕的坏名声。前面有范围，所以用形容词最高级作定语。故填 worst。42is considered考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：然而，另一方面，它的自行车基础设施被认为是可持续的城市交通模式。描述现状，所以用一般现在时态。consider和句子主语之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，主语为不可数名词，所以谓语动词用单数。故填is considered。43encouraging考查现在分词。句意：这个城市甚至有一项专门运动名为 Ciclovia，鼓励1500万人在每个周日早上在无车街道
80、上骑行128公里。encourage和它所修饰的词之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填 encouraging。44a考查冠词。句意：新城市交通联盟(New Urban Traffic Union)的当地自行车支持者卡洛斯帕尔多( Carlos Pardo)说：“每个人都开始使用自行车，因为多亏了 Ciclovia，我们才有了这种自行车文化。”泛指一个，所以用不定冠词。故填a。45popularity考查名词的数。句意：自冠状病毒爆发以来，随着城市居民避免使用公共交通工具，自行车在世界各地重新流行起来。作宾语，所以用名词，表示抽象概念，为不可数名词。故填popularity。46wi
81、th考查介词。句意：现在，许多支持者正在与当地政府合作，希望将这些应对疫情的措施转化为持久的变化，这将极大地改变人们在城市中穿行的方式。 with the hope of抱着的希望。故填with。47dramatically考查副词。句意：现在，许多支持者正在与当地政府合作，希望将这些应对疫情的措施转化为持久的变化，这将极大地改变人们在城市中穿行的方式。修饰动词，所以用副词。故填dramatically。48comes考查时态和主谓一致。句意：接下来的问题是，一旦新冠肺炎过去，政府如何让公民骑自行车上班。描述现状，所以用一般现在时态，主语为单数名词 the question，所以谓语动词用第三
82、人称单数形式。故填 comes。49to improve考查非谓语动词。句意：当地政府需要改善自行车网络，确保它们即使在恶劣天气也能得到良好的维护。need to do sth.需要做某事。故填to improve。50which/that考查定语从句。句意：此外，他们还可以实施一些鼓励骑车的简单政策，包括减税、降低医疗成本或向员工提供包括骑车者福利在内的补偿方案。先行词为物，在定语从句中作主语,所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。考查动词的时态。由上下文可知此处应用一般过去时,故将are改为were。考查倒装句。在not only.but also.结构中,若n
83、ot only置于句首,含not only的分句用部分倒装;根据上下文的时态可知,在主语I前加助动词did构成倒装。考査名词。此处表示“书法练习的价值”,应将形容词valuable改为其名词形式value.考查非谓语动词动名词。短语writing calligraphy作主语。考查并列连词。both.and.是习惯搭配。考查强调句。此句在对时间状语at that time进行强调,根据强调句的结构 “It is/was+被强调部分+that+其他成分”可知,应将when改为that考查名词。word表示“言语,话”时是可数名词,a few提示word应使用复数形式。考査冠词。形容词same前习
84、惯搭配定冠词the。考査介词短语. in the long run是固定短语,意为“从长远来看”.考査代词。此处代词指代上文中的a skill,故将them改为it。Dear Mr Smith,More than thrilled, Im writing to recommend myself for the exchange student program.With a mild and outgoing personality, coupled with my independent character, I find myself confident to blend into any
85、new and challenging environment, let alone an alien one. Besides, the sound academic performance in every subject, English in particular, allows me the competence to handle any task to be assigned in the project.I have always longed for a chance to experience foreign cultures, hence feeling it a mus
86、t to grasp this opportunity to present myself. And you may rest assured that I wont fail you.Thanks for your time. Your favorable consideration will be highly appreciated.Li Hua【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给英语老师 Mr.Smith 写信推荐自己，争取成为交换生，去英国St.Mary School学习。【详解】1.词汇积累兴奋的：excited thrilled加上：together with couple
87、d with融入：fit into blend into渴望：desire long for因此：thus hence抓住：catch grasp2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：I have always longed for a chance to experience foreign cultures, hence feeling it a must to grasp this opportunity to present myself. 拓展句：I have always longed for a chance to experience foreign cultures, which makes it a must to grasp this opportunity to present myself.【点睛】高分句型1 More than thrilled, Im writing to recommend myself for the exchange student program.（运用了形容词作方式状语）高分句型2 And you may rest assured that I wont fail you.（运用了由that引导的宾语从句作rest assured的宾语）
