1、2014高考英语阅读理解精品训练（8）及解析(2011四川卷，D)“Experience may possibly be the best teacher，but it is not a particulary good teacher.” You might think that Winston Churchill or perhaps Mark Twain spoke those words, but they actually come from James March, a professor at Stanford University and a pioneer in the fi
2、eld of organizational decision making. For years March( possibly the wisest philosopher of management) has studied how humans think and act，and he continues to do so in his new book The Ambiguities of Experience.He begins by reminding us of just how firmly we have been sticking to the idea of experi
3、ential learning ：“Experience is respected；experience is sought；experience is explained.”The problem is that learning from experience involves(涉及) serious complications (复杂化)，ones that are part of the nature of experience itself and which March discusses in the body of this book.In one interesting pa
4、rt of the book，for example, he turns a doubtful eye toward the use of stories as the most effective way of experiential learning. In our efforts to make stories interesting, he argues, we lose part of the complicated truth of things. He says“The more accurately(精确地)reality is presented，the less unde
5、rstandable the story，and the more understandable the story，the less realistic it is.”Besides being a broadly knowledgeable researcher, March is also a poet, and his gift shines through in the depth of views he offers and the simple language he uses. Though the book is short, it is demanding：Dont pic
6、k it up looking for quick, easy lessons. Rather, be ready to think deeply about learning from experience in work and life.多年来，人们强调经验型学习。而一位名叫James Mark的却说：经验可能是最好的老师，却不是一个特别好的老师。通过对于经验型学习，本文介绍了James Mark的关于经验的书。13According to the text, James March is _.Aa poet who uses experience in his writingBa te
7、acher who teaches story writing in universityCa researcher who studies the way humans think and actDa professor who helps organizations make important decisions答案：C。细节判断题。从第一个段落中最后一句话里可以找到信息句，即同选项C所说的一致。14According to James March, experience _.Ais overvalued Bis easy to explainCshould be actively so
8、ughtDshould be highly respected答案：A推理判断题。从文章的开头以及文中的字里行间“the problem is.” “turn a doubtful eye on.” 以及“think deeply about experience learning”等可以推测出James 对于经验学习持怀疑态度，认为人们太过于重视经验学习这一方式了。15What can we learn from Paragraph 3?AExperience makes stories more accurate.BStories made interesting fail to full
9、y present the truth.CThe use of stories is the best way of experiential learning.DStories are easier to understand when reality is more accurately described.答案：B。细节判断题。在倒数第二段中，James所说的话中“to make stories more interesting, we lose part of the complicated truth of things”就表明了故事越有趣，就越没有真实感，同选项B所说。16What
10、s the purpose of this text?ATo introduce a book.BTo describe a researcher.CTo explain experiential learning.DTo discuss organizational decision making.答案：A。作者意图判断题。纵观全文，作者一直都在围绕着一本书，在阐述关于本书中的内容以及本书作者的观点等，故选A。(2011湖北卷，E)Which are you more likely to have with you at any given momentyour cellphone or y
11、our wallet? Soon you may be able to throw your wallet away and pay for things with a quick wave of your smart phone over an electronic scanner.In January，Starbucks announced that customers could start using their phones to buy coffee in 6,800 of its stores.This is the first paybyphone practice in th
12、e US.，but were likely to see more wireless payment alternatives as something called near field communication(NFC)gets into Americas consumer electronics.Last December，some new smart phones which contain an NFC chip were introduced to the public.Already in use in parts of Asia and Europe，NFC allows s
13、hoppers to wave their phones a few inches above a payment terminala contactfree system built for speed and convenience.But before NFC becomes widely adopted in the US.，a few problems need to be worked out，like who will get to collect the profitable transaction(交易)fees.Although some credit card provi
14、ders have been experimenting with waveandpay systems that use NFCenabled credit cards，cellphone service providers may try to muscle their way into the pointofsale (POS)market.Three big cellphone service providers have formed a joint venture(合资企业)that will go into operation over the next 15 months.It
15、s goal is“to lead the US. payments industry from cards to mobile phone.”The other big NFC issue，apart from how payments will be processed，is security.For instance，whats to stop a thief from digitally pickpocketing you? “Were still not at the point where an attacker can just brush against you in a cr
16、owd and steal all the money out of your phone，”says Jimmy Shah，a mobile security researcher，“Users may also be able to set transaction limits，perhaps requiring a password to be entered for larger purchases.”Still uneasy about this digitalwallet business？Keep in mind that if you lose your smart phone
17、，it can be located on a map and remotely disabled.Plus，your phone can be password protected.Your wallet isnt.随着手机的普遍使用，以及手机功能的提升，如今，用手机付费购物都已经成了现实。 随着第一部能够付费的手机的诞生，以及其配套的科技手段的支撑，付费购物手机很快便成为美国市场上的抢手货。17What is predicted to happen in the US.?AThe expansion of cellphone companies.BThe boom of paybyphon
18、e business.CThe disappearance of credit cards.DThe increase of Starbucks sales.答案：B。推理判断题。从第二个段落的第二句话，随着第一部“用手机付费”的手机的上市，美国人会看到“more wireless payment”，可以推断出：这种手机会迅速火起来，即如同选项B所说的“boom”。18The NFC technology can be used to_.Aensure the safety of shoppersBcollect transaction fees easilyCmake purchase fa
19、ster and simplerDimprove the quality of cellphones答案：C。理解判断题。根据本段中关于NFC的说法“wireless payment alternative”可以断定：这种无限付费方式自然是极其方便的，即：快捷的购物手段。故选项C的说法是对的。19Three cellphone service providers form a joint venture to_.A. strengthen their relationshipB. get a share in the payments industryC. sell more cellphon
20、esD. test the NFC technology答案：B。理解判断题。根据第三个段落“may try to muscle their way into the pointofsale market”以及最后一句话“Its goal is.”可以找到本问题的提示，即： 为了打入这个新兴行业的市场，由此可见，选项B的说法与原文的信息句非常吻合。20According to the passage，what can users do if they lose their smart phones?A. Stop the functioning of their phones.B. Set u
21、p a password.C. Get all the money out of their phones.D. Cancel large purchases.答案：A。细节判断题。从最后一段中的信息词“remotely disabled”可以断定选项A是正确的。C32013福建卷 BYour glasses may someday replace your smartphone, and some New Yorkers are ready for the switch. Some in the city cant wait to try them on and use the maps a
22、nd GPS that the futuristic eyewear is likely to include.“Id use it if I were hanging out with friends at 3 am and going to the bar and wanted to see what was open，” said Walter Choo, 40, of Fort Greene.The smartphonelike glasses will likely come out this year and cost between $250 and $600, the Time
23、s said, possibly including a variation of augmented(增强的) reality, a technology already available on smartphones and tablets (平板电脑) that overlays information onto the screen about ones surroundings. So, for example, if you were walking down a street, indicators would pop_up showing you the nearest co
24、ffee shop or directions could be plotted out and come into view right on the sidewalk in front of you.“As far as a mainstream consumer product, this just isnt something anybody needs，” said Sam Biddle, who writes for G. “Were accustomed to having one thing in our pocket to do all these things，” he a
25、dded, “and the average consumer isnt gonna be able to afford another device (装置) thats hundreds and hundreds of dollars.”9to5Google publisher Seth Weintraub, who has been reporting on the smartphonelike glasses since late last year, said he is confident that this type of wearable device will eventua
26、lly be as common as smartphones.“Its just like smartphones 10 years ago，” Weintraub said. “A few people started getting emails on their phones, and people thought that was crazy. Same kind of thing. We see people bending their heads to look at their smartphones, and its unnatural，” he said. “Theres
27、gonna be improvements to that, and this a step there.” 60One of the possible functions of the smartphonelike glasses is to _Aprogram the opening hours of a barBsupply you with a picture of the futureCprovide information about your surroundingsDupdate the maps and GPS in your smartphones61The underli
28、ned phrase “pop up” in the third paragraph probably means “_”A. develop rapidly B. get round quicklyC. appear immediately D. go over automatically62According to Sam Biddle, the smartphonelike glasses are _A. necessary for teenagers B. attractive to New YorkersC. available to people worldwide D. expe
29、nsive for average consumers63We can learn from the last two paragraphs that the smartphonelike glasses _A. may have a potential market B. are as common as smartphonesC. are popular among young adults D. will be improved by a new technology【要点综述】 本文是一篇新闻报道， 客观报道了google 公司即将推出一款智能眼镜以及人们对它的不同看法。60C细节理解
30、题。根据原文第三段“a technologythat overlays information onto the screen about ones surroundings.” 可知选项C正确。61C词义猜测题。句意为：如果你在街上行走， 指示器将即刻显示离你距离最近的咖啡馆，所以答案应为C。 appear immediately即刻显示。62D细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知，Sam Biddle 认为一般的消费者买不起另一种价格昂贵的装置。63A推理判断题。文章最后两段把这种智能眼镜和十年前的智能手机作比较，认为现在的智能眼镜就像十年前的手机一样， 最终是会深受欢迎的，有巨大的市场潜力
31、。C32013四川卷 CLONDONA British judge on Thursday sentenced a businessman who sold fake(假冒的) bomb detectors (探测器) to 10 years in prison, saying the man hadnt cared about potentially deadly consequences.It is believed that James McCormick got about $77. 8 million from the sales of his detectorswhich were
32、 based on a kind of golf ball finderto countries including Iraq, Belgium and Saudi Arabia.McCormick, 57, was convicted(判罪) of cheats last month and sentenced Thursday at the Old Bailey court in London.“Your cheating conduct in selling a great amount of useless equipment simply for huge profit promot
33、ed a false sense of security and in all probability materially contributed to causing death and injury to innocent people，” Judge Richard Hone told McCormick.“You have neither regret，nor shame，nor any sense of guilt.”The detectors，sold for up to $42，000 each，were said to be able to find such dangero
34、us objects as bombs under water and from the air. But in fact they “lacked any grounding in science” and were of no use.McCormick had told the court that he sold his detectors to the police in Kenya，the prison service in Hong Kong，the army in Egypt and the border control in Thailand.“I never had any
35、 bad results from customers，”he said.39Why was McCormick sentenced to prison?A. He sold bombs.B. He caused death of people.C. He made detectors.DHe cheated in business. 40According to the judge, what McCormick had done _. A. increased the cost of safeguardingB. lowered peoples guard against dangerC.
36、 changed peoples idea of social securityD. caused innocent people to commit crimes41Which of the following is true of the detectors? A. They have not been sold to Africa.B. They have caused many serious problems.C. They can find dangerous objects in water.D. They dont function on the basis of scienc
37、e.42It can be inferred from the passage that McCormick _A. sold the equipment at a low priceB. was wellknown in most countriesC. did not think he had committed the crimeD. had not got such huge profit as mentioned in the text【要点综述】 这是一篇新闻报道。文章叙述了英国法官审判了一位商人，他有出售假冒炸弹探测器的犯罪行为。但这名犯罪嫌疑人根本没意识到他的行为给社会带来的危
38、害。39D细节理解题。根据第一段“A British judge on Thursday sentenced a businessman who sold fake bomb detectors to 10 years in prison”以及“McCormick, 57, was convicted of cheats last month”可知，McCormick被判处欺诈罪。故可以判断选D。40B推理判断题。根据第四段“Your cheating conduct in selling a great amount of useless equipment simply for huge
39、profit promoted a false sense of security and in all probability materially contributed to causing death and injury to innocent people”可知选B。41D细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“But in fact they lacked any grounding in science and were of no use.”可知，事实上它们“在科学上没有任何根据”，是没有用的。可以判断选D。42C推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“McCormick had told the court that he sold his detectors to the police in Kenya, the prison service in Hong Kong, the army in Egypt and the border control in Thailand.”及最后一段可知，麦考密克曾在法庭上说，他出售自己的探测器给肯尼亚警察、香港监狱、埃及的军队和泰国的边境管制处， 而且他从来没有从客户那里听到任何不好的结果。故可以推断出他根本没认识到他的罪行。故选C。
