1、Section Starting out&Understanding ideas.核心单词1_ n.种子，籽2_ vt.偶然遇到3_ vt.保存，保护4_ n.样本5_ v.猜想，怀疑，觉得6_ n.(动物的)原种，祖先seedencounter preservesamplesuspectancestor.拓展单词1_ adj.遥远的_ n.距离2_ n.地质学家_ n.地质学3_ v.进化_ n.进化_ adj.进化的，演变的4_ n.丢脸，耻辱_ n.优雅，风度5_ v.产生，创造_ n.产生，世代，一代人distantdistancegeologistgeologyevolve evol
2、utionevolutionarydisgrace gracegenerategeneration.重点短语1_ 追溯到，始于2_ 响应号召3_ 是耻辱，是丢脸的事4_ 通向，导致5_ 有史以来，自古以来6_ 讨论(或议论)中的7_ (某场所)挤满8_ 产生9_ 适应10_ 各种各样的11_ 被认为是12_ 以作为开始date back(to)answer the callbe a disgracelead toof all timein questionbe crowded withcome to existenceadapt to a variety of be regarded as b
3、egin with.重点句型1_ their beaks had evolved according to what food was available on that particular island.它们的喙似乎已经根据在那个特别的岛上可获得的食物进化了。2But Darwins scientific studies were _ more and more people started to believe his theory.但是达尔文的科学研究是如此具有说服力，以至于越来越多的人开始相信他的理论。It seemed so convincing that根据课文内容选择正确答案1
4、What do we know about Charles Darwin from the first paragraph?AHis father was disappointed about him.BHe wasnt interested in his lessons at college.CHe knew the captain of the Beagle very well.DHe wanted to travel around the world by ship.A2What was Charles Darwin interested in?ATravelling around th
5、e world.BLiving things on Earth.CCommunicating with others.DDoing research on resources.B3From the sixth paragraph，what was Charles Darwin brave to do?ATo travel alone in the mountains.BTo fight against other people.CTo express his own ideas.DTo inspire others to tell the truth.C4What did Charles Da
6、rwin base his theory on?ADoing experiments.BScientific research.CTraditional beliefs.DFamous sayings.B5What does this text mainly tell us about?AWhy people respect Charles Darwin so much.BWhy Charles Darwin was interested in living things.CHow lucky Charles Darwin was in his early years.DHow Charles
7、 Darwins Theory of Evolution came out.D第一版块|重点词汇诠释1date back to 追溯到；始于(1)date back todate from 为不及物动词短语，没有被动语态(2)out of date 过时的；缺乏新信息的；陈腐的up to date 最新的；时髦的；拥有(或包含)最新信息的The tradition dates back to the 15th century.这一传统可追溯到15世纪。The custom of preserving a dead body as a mummy dates fromancient Egypt.
8、把尸体作为木乃伊保存起来的风格始于古埃及。The dictionary is out of date:many words have been added to the language since it was published.这本字典过时了：自从它出版以来语言中又增加了许多词汇。Some of the older members of the profession are not up to datein their knowledge and methods.从事这个职业的年纪较大的成员中有一些人的知识和工作方法已赶不上目前的情况。即学即练 单句语法填空(1)The attracti
9、on of the Cloisters museum and gardens lies in the fact that its collections date _ the Middle Ages.(2)The dictionary is out _ date:many words have been added to the language since it was published.(3)Stonehenge is one of the worlds most famous prehistoric monuments _(date)back over 5,000 years.from
10、ofdating名师点津：date back to和date from在句中作谓语时，一定要用一般现在时，而不用一般过去时，除非所谈论的主体现在已不复存在。2.profit vi.&vt.获益，得到好处，对有用(或有益)n.C，U 利润，收益，赢利(1)profit from/by.因而获利/受益profit sb.使某人获益(2)a rise/an increase in profits 收益的上升/增长a drop/fall in profits 收益的跌落/下降make a profit 赚取利润Two quarrel and a third profits by it.谚鹬蚌相争，渔翁
11、得利。Many local people believe the development will profit them.当地的许多人认为，这项开发将对他们有利。Because of the recent economic crisis,investors suffer a huge drop in profits.因为最近的经济危机，投资者的收益大减。It will make the cinema owners happy if more people go to the movies as they will make a bigger profit.如果更多的人去看电影，电影院的老板会
12、很高兴，因为他们就会赚更多的钱。即学即练 单句语法填空/完成句子(1)She donates 10%of AilieCandys _(profit)to Big Smiles.(2)The local farmers will profit _ planting fruit trees on the hills.(3)It is wrong to assume arts groups cannot _(赚取利润)(4)This company _(利润下降)last year.(5)Applying the new technology,all concerning projects will
13、 get _(收益上升)profitsfrom/by make a profitfell in profita rise/an increase in profits易混辨析：profit和benefit作动词时都from/by，从中获益，得到好处，或后面直接sb.使某人获益，受益，这时两个词可以互换，但profit还可表示赢利(指财务上的利润)。3.distant adj.遥远的，久远的；冷淡的，疏远的；远房的，远亲的(1)distance n.C，U距离；U(时间的)久远，(空间的)遥远；U，C疏远in the distance 在远处from a distance 从远处at/from
14、a distance of.在/从远的地方of后跟具体的距离(2)distantly adv.遥远地；模糊地The time we spent together is now a distant memory.我们一起度过的时光现已成为久远的记忆。Pat sounded very cold and distant on the phone.从电话里听起来帕特非常冷淡和疏远。It was only after a family conversation that I found out she was actually my distant cousin.只是在一次家庭谈话后，我才发现她实际上是
15、我的远房表亲。The picture looks beautiful at a distance.那幅画远看很美。Farther in the distance,I could enjoy the view of snowy mountains.往远处看，我可以欣赏白雪皑皑的群山。即学即练 单句语法填空/完成句子(1)We could see nothing in the thick fog _ a distance of five metres,so we got lost.(2)My company is five miles _(离远)my home.(3)He threw the st
16、one with all his strength and it fell into a pond _(在远处)at/from distant fromin the distance巧学助记：We can see the waterfall in the distance,whose sound can be heard at a distance of two miles.It looks quite beautiful from a distance,I think.我们可以看见远处的瀑布，它的声音在两英里远的地方就能听见。我认为从远处看它很漂亮。4.predict vt.预言；预告；预报
17、(1)predictthat/wh-从句.预言It is predicted that.据预测/据预报(It作形式主语，that引导的从句为真正的主语)(2)prediction n.预言，预测predictable adj.可预见的，可预料的unpredictable adj.不可预料的Its difficult to predict who will win because two sides are competitive.难以预料谁会赢，因为双方都有竞争力。It is predicted that the weather will get better tomorrow.据预报，明天天
18、气会变好。即学即练 单句语法填空(1)_ is predicted that humans could live longer than 120 years in the future.(2)While some people say they could _ the future,there is no scientific basis behind their _.(predict)(3)From a scientific point of view,the development of the human brain seems unknown and _(不可预测的)It predic
19、tpredictionunpredictable巧学助记：He said that he could predict an earthquake several days ahead of time but some experts said that the prediction was ridiculous because the earthquake is unpredictable now.他说，他能提前几天预测地震，但是一些专家说这种预测是荒谬的，因为现在地震是不可预测的。5.of all time 意为“有史以来，历史上”，常与形容词最高级连用。(1)all the time 一直
20、始终(2)in time 及时(3)on time 准时(4)at times 有时(5)at one time 曾经(6)at a time 每次(7)in no time 立刻，马上(8)at no time 决不(位于句首时句子用部分倒装)He is universally recognized as one of the greatest scientists of all time.世界公认他是有史以来最伟大的科学家之一。Many people rated him the best singer of all time.许多人认为他是有史以来最优秀的歌手。Fame and wealt
21、h can be attractive,but at no time will they give you permanent happiness.名誉和财富可能是吸引人的，但是它们不会给你永远的快乐。即学即练 用time的相关短语完成句子(1)The match took nearly three hours and was interrupted _(有时)by rain.(2)Regardless of the weather or the distance,Paul Wilson will make sure low-income students in his neighbourho
22、od arrive at their college classes _(准时)(3)_(决不)will they break the rules of the game.(4)Today,Dutch artist Vincent van Gogh is recognized as one of the leading artists _(有史以来)(5)Achieving a goal is like climbing up a ladder,and we have to take one step _(每次)in order to reach the top.at timeson time
23、At no timeof all timeat a time名师点津：time当“时间，时刻”讲是不可数名词当“时代”讲时，常用复数in modern/ancient times 在现/古代当“时光；次；回；倍”讲是可数名词good times 美好的时光three times 三次6.crowded adj.挤满的；拥挤的(1)be crowded with.挤满(2)crowd in(on)sb.涌上(心头)，涌入(脑海)crowd into ones mind 涌上某人的心头crowd into.大批涌入(3)a crowd of/crowds of.一大群，很多Ive got tire
24、d of the crowded,noisy city and desire to live a peaceful life in the countryside.我已厌倦了拥挤喧闹的城市，渴望在乡下过平静的生活。Before the Spring Festival,all shops are crowded withshoppers.春节前所有的商店都挤满了购物者。When I look through the old photos,a lot of good memories crowd into my mind.当我翻看这些老照片时，许多美好的记忆涌上心头。After making my
25、 way through crowds of people,I finally found a subway line that was operating.从一大群人中间挤过去之后，我终于看到了一条还在运营的地铁线路。即学即练 单句语法填空/完成句子(1)My father warned me against going to the West Coast because it was crowded _ tourists.(2)It is no fun travelling during the National Day with visitors crowding _ the touri
26、st attractions.(3)一群男孩儿正在操场上踢足球。_ boys were playing football in the playground.(4)他突然有了一个想法：建设另一条高速公路就能解决问题。A thought _ that building another expressway could solve the problem.withintoA crowd of/Crowds ofcrowded into his mind/crowded in on him巧学助记：Crowds of students crowded into the school bus,and
27、in a while it was too crowded to hold anyone else.成群的学生涌进了校车，不一会儿，车就挤得容不下其他人了。7.insipire vt.(1)鼓励，激励，后接“人”作宾语；(2)启发思考，赋予灵感(1)inspire sb.to do sth.激励某人去做某事(2)inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的，启发灵感的inspired adj.受到鼓舞的(3)inspiration n.灵感；启发灵感的人Her trust in me inspired me to do what I had thought was impossible.她对我的信任
28、激励着我去做本以为不可能的事。The story was inspired by a chance meeting with an old friend.这个故事的创作灵感来自于与一位老朋友的不期而遇。即学即练 单句语法填空/完成句子(1)The possibility that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists _(explore)the outer space.(2)Her fathers _(inspire)words encouraged her never to
29、give up in her study.(3)The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be _(inspire)for great inventions.(4)他上周的演讲鼓舞我们更加努力学习。His speech last week _.to exploreinspiringinspiration(s)inspired us to study hard巧学助记：I was inspired by his inspiring remarks,which also brought me inspiration.他鼓舞人心的
30、话激励着我，也给我带来了创作灵感。8.suspect vt.怀疑，猜想 n.嫌疑犯，可疑对象(1)suspect that.怀疑/认为(尤指坏事可能属实或发生)suspect sb.of(doing)sth.怀疑某人(做了)某事(2)suspect sth./sb.to be.猜想某物/某人I suspected that there was something wrong with the engine.我怀疑发动机出了什么故障。We suspected him of suffering from an infectious disease.我们怀疑他患了传染病。I suspect him
31、to be the pickpocket.I suspect that he is the pickpocket.我怀疑他就是那个扒手。The suspect was taken to the police station for questioning.那名嫌疑犯被带到警察局盘问。即学即练 单句语法填空/单句写作(1)Drivers who cause traffic accidents,or who commit a moving traffic offence or are being suspected _ drink driving will be tested.(2)Two _(s
32、uspect)were declared to be innocent for lacking convincing evidence.(3)丽萨的朋友怀疑她偷了他的手机。_ofsuspectsLisas friend suspected that she had stolen his mobile phone.或Lisas friend suspected her of having stolen his mobile phone.易混辨析：doubt“无把握；不相信”，怀疑其无。在肯定句中doubt后接whether/if时，含义是“对某事不确定或没有信心”；doubt后面接that时，意
33、思是“认为某事不可能发生”。在否定句中doubt后面不能接whether/if。suspect“有存在或属实的想法；相信”，怀疑其有。后不可接whether或if从句。I doubt whether/if the new one will be any better.我不敢肯定这个新的是否会好些。9.convincing adj.令人信服的；有说服力的(1)convince vt.使确信；使信服；说服convince sb.of sth.that.使某人相信某事(2)convince sb.to do sth.说服某人做某事(3)convinced adj.坚信不疑的，确信的be convin
34、ced of/that.深信不疑；确信；坚信Youll need to convince them of your enthusiasm for the job.你要让他们相信你对这份工作的热情。Is there anything I can say in my resume to convince those companies to interview me?有什么我能在简历中说的来说服那些公司面试我呢？I am convinced that it was her support that won me the championship.我确信是她的支持使我赢得了冠军。Convinced
35、of the accuracy of the data,they stuck to their opinion.由于深信数据的准确性，他们坚持自己的意见。即学即练 单句语法填空(1)One day,mentally exhausted,I wrote down all the reasons why this problem could not be solved.I tried to convince _(I)that the trouble was with the problem itself,not with me.(2)Stephen Francis observed then ei
36、ghteen-year-old Shelly-Ann at a track meet and was _(convince)that he had seen the beginnings of true greatness.(3)Mr.Holden returned home from his holiday upset and _(convince)his pet was dead.myselfconvincedconvinced特别提示：表示“坚信时”一定要用“be convinced”我坚信他是无辜的。I convince that he is innocent.()I am convi
37、nced that he is innocent.()第二版块|重点句型解构1(教材P51)It seemed their beaks had evolved according to what food was available on that particular island.它们的喙似乎已经根据在那个特别的岛上可获得的食物进化了。此句中seemed后边省略了that。It seems(that).看起来(好像)，似乎该句型可以转换成sb./sth.seems to doIt seems that you have misunderstood what I said at the me
38、eting.You seem to have misunderstood what I said at the meeting.看来你误解了我在会上所说的话。It seems that he is happy.He seems to be happy.他看起来很高兴。It seems that they dont like the idea.They dont seem to like the idea.他们似乎不喜欢这个主意。即学即练 单句语法填空/单句写作(1)Monkeys seem _(have)a way with numbers.(2)Everyone knows that fis
39、h is good for health.The fats in fish are thought to help prevent heart disease.But _ seems that many people dont cook fish at home.(3)她似乎生病了。_to haveitIt seems that she is ill./She seems to be ill.名师点津：It seems that.看起来，一般表事实；It seems as if.看起来好像从句用于陈述语气(当说话者认为句子所述是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时)It seems as if
40、it is going to rain.从句用于虚拟语气(1)如果从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时did。He talks as if he knew where she was.(2)从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用had done。He talks about Rome as if he had been there before.他说起罗马来好像他以前去过似的。(3)从句表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用would(might,could)动词原形。He looks as if he would become a king.看起来他像是要成为国王了。2.(教材P51)But D
41、arwins scientific studies were so convincing that more and more people started to believe his theory.但是达尔文的科学研究是如此具有说服力，以至于越来越多的人开始相信他的理论。本句中的“so.that.”意为“如此以至于”。that在此引导结果状语从句。(1)“so/such.that.”意为“如此以至于”，引导结果状语从句；so后通常接形容词或副词，而such修饰名词。该结构的具体形式如下：(2)little表示“少”时用so修饰，但表示“小”时用such修饰。(3)在“so/such.tha
42、t.”结构中，当so/such置于句首时，其所在的句子要用部分倒装结构。The wind was so strong that we could hardly move forward.风刮得那么大，我们简直寸步难行。It was so cold a day that all the water pipes in the house froze up.It was such a cold day that all the water pipes in the house froze up.天气极度寒冷，房子里所有的水管都冻住了。He was in such a hurry that he al
43、most pushed me over.他这么急匆匆的，差点把我推倒。We had so little time to catch the train that we had to eat our lunch hurriedly.我们没有多少时间去赶火车了，所以不得不匆忙地吃午饭。So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed.光速很快，我们很难想象它的速度。即学即练 用so/such/that填空(1)On our way to the house,it was raining _ hard that we cou
44、ldnt help wondering how long it would take to get there.(2)It is _ cold that you cant go outside unless fully covered in thick clothes.(3)I have made _ rapid progress in English _ my parents are proud of me.(4)You cant imagine _ little birds can eat _ many insects in _ a short time.sososuchthatsuchs
45、osuch巧学助记：巧记so和such的用法区别：名前such，形副so；多多少少(many/much/few/little)也用so；little一词特殊记，“小”用such，“少”用so。.单词拼写1Some _(种子)fell along the footpath,and the birds came and ate them up.2In the course of _(进化),some birds have lost the power of flight.3The _(嫌疑犯)was arrested unawares,without the chance to dispose o
46、f the evidence.4Stone tools that were unearthed there indicate the early cultural capabilities of our human _(祖先)5The time we spent together is now a d_ memory.seeds evolutionsuspectancestors distant6Li Lei thinks it is a _(丢脸的事)for him to lie to his parents.7His grandfather works as a _(地质学家),who a
47、lways deals with rocks and soils in the open air.8The scientist collected some insects and plants as _(样本),in the mountain for his study.9Now,I _(怀疑)someone may have broken into this room and taken away something important.10The study shows that smoking may _(产生)long-term stress,even if people feel
48、it offers temporary relief.disgracegeologistsamplessuspectgenerate.单句语法填空1_(date)back to the Qin Dynasty,the traditional crosstalk shows have made people all over the country roar with laughter for centuries.2Research findings seem _(indicate)that the creation by a great artist is as permanent an ac
49、hievement as a discovery by a great scientist.3In order to continue with the project,you should profit _ this deal.4The market is crowded _ people talking and bargaining.Datingto indicatefrom/by with5In her book，Anna described how his experience inspired her _(become)a medical scientist.6The man sus
50、pected _ stealing the machine was taken to the police station.7_ seems that he has finished the project ahead of time.to becomeofIt.课文语法填空Charles Darwin was a geologist and naturalist,fascinated by rocks,plants and animals.He left England on the ship,the Beagle,in 1831.The journey gave him the chanc
51、e 1._(study)various living things in their natural environments.He noticed that some species of animals were very similar 2._ each other.At that time,people believed that all species had appeared on Earth at the same time,and 3._(change)since.But Darwin began to think differently.to studyto hadnt ch
52、angedWhen the ship reached the Galapagos Islands in 1835,it 4._(be)the birds that interested him the most.He suspected that the different 5._(finch)had evolved from a common ancestor,6._ had arrived on the islands a long time before.It was a 7._(complete)new ideaa theory of evolution.Darwin explaine
53、d this theory in his book,On the Origin of Species.Many people refused to believe that living things,8._(include)humans,had evolved from lower forms of life.But Darwins scientific studies were so convincing 9._ more and more people started to believe his theory.Today,the book is regarded as one of the most important works ever 10._(write)was finches which completelyincludingthat written
