1、2014高考英语阅读理解基础精品二轮训练题（6）及答案阅读理解Nearly all of todays Native Americans in North, Central and South America can trace their ancestry to just six women whose descendants（后裔）immigrated around 20,000 years ago, a DNA study suggestsThe finding does not mean that only these six women gave rise to migrants w
2、ho crossed into North America from Asia in the earliest population of the continentRather, it suggests that only six left a particular DNA legacy that persists to today in about 95% of Native Americans, said study co-author Ugo Perego in Utah“The women did not necessarily arrive together, nor even a
3、ll live at the same time,” he saidResults indicate the women arrived sometime between 18,000 and 21,000 years agoThe work was published this week by the journal PLoS OnePerego is from the Sorenson Molecular Genealogy Foundation in Salt Lake City and the University of Pavia in ItalyThe work confirms
4、the previous indications of just six maternal（母系的）lineages, as well as a date of around 20,000 years ago when the first people in North America arrived after crossing a land bridge from Asia, Perego saidThe researchers studied mitochondrial （线粒体） DNA, which is passed only from mother to daughterThey
5、 created a “family tree” that traces the different DNA lineages found in todays Native AmericansBy noting mutations（突变）in each branch and applying a formula for how often such mutations arise, they calculated how old each branch wasThat indicated when each branch arose in a single womanThe six “foun
6、ding mothers” obviously did not live in Asia because the DNA signatures they left behind are not found there, Perego saidSo they probably lived in Beringia, the now-submerged land bridge that stretched to North America, he said6What is the passage mainly about?AA study indicates that women arrived i
7、n America around 20,000 years agoBA study indicates six women gave rise to migrants of AmericaCA DNA study tells about people who crossed into North America from AsiaDA study indicates Native Americans can trace their ancestry to just six women7Which of the following is TRUE about the research?AIt s
8、hows that DNA is passed from parents to daughtersBIt concludes that the six women arrived individually but lived at the same timeCIt is a joint one conducted by Salt Lake City and an Italian universityDIt shows that only six women in 95% of present Native Americans have got a particular DNA legacy8W
9、hich of the following has the closest meaning to the underlined word “lineages”?AClasses BVarieties CFamilies DFindings9What didnt Ugo Perego and his team do?AThey used a “family tree” to analyze the findingsBThey focused on life styles of the original womenCThey clarified genetic changes in the fam
10、ily treeDThey studied how long each branch had developed10What can we infer from the finding?AThe six mothers probably lived on the present islands in North AmericaBMost Native Americans have got the DNA legacy passed from the six womenCBeringian DNA was found in the women who originally immigrated
11、to North AmericaDThe research was not accepted by the previous scientists because of its contradiction【参考答案】610、 D C C B BASome children are natural-born bosses. They have a strong need to make decisions, manage their environment, and lead rather than follow. Stephen Jackson, a Year One student, “op
12、erates under the theory of whats mine and whats yours is mine,” says his mother. “The other day I bought two new Star Wars light sabers(剑). Later, I saw Stephen with the two new ones while his brother was using the beat-up ones.”“Examine the extended family, and youll probably find a bossy grandpare
13、nt, aunt, uncle or cousin in every generation. Its an inheritable trait,” says Russell Barkley, a professor at the Medical University of South Carolina. Other children who may not be particularly bossy can gradually gain dominance(支配地位) when they sense their parents are weak, hesitant, or in disagre
14、ement with each other.Whether its inborn nature or developed character at work, too much control in the hands of the young isnt healthy for children or the family. Fear is at the root of a lot bossy behavior, says family psychologist John Taylor. Children, he says in his book From Defiance to Cooper
15、ation, “have secret feelings of weakness” and “a desire to feel safe.” Its the parents role to provide that protection.When a “boss child” doesnt learn limits at home, the stage is set for a host of troubles outside the family. The overly willful and unbending child may have trouble obeying teachers
16、 or coachers, for example, or trouble keeping friends. It can be pretty lonely as the top dog if no one likes your bossy ways.“I see more and more parents giving up their power,” says Barkley, who has studied bossy behavior for more than 30 years. They bend too far because they dont want to be as st
17、rict as their own parents were. But they also feel less confident about their parenting skills. Their kids, in turn, feel more anxious.1. Bossy children like Stephen Jackson _.A. make good decisionsB. show self-centerednessC. lack care from othersD. have little sense of fear2. The underlined phrase
18、“inheritable trait” in paragraph 2 means _.A. inborn natureB. developed characterC. accepted theoryD. particular environment3. The study on bossy behavior implies that parents _.A. should give more power to their children B. should be strict with their childrenC. should not be so anxious about their
19、 childrenD. should not set limits for their children4. What is the passage mainly about?A. How bossy behavior can be controlled.B. How we can get along with bossy children.C. What leads to childrens bossy behavior.D. What effect bossy behavior brings about.CEveryone knows about straight-A studentsWe
20、 see them frequently in TV situation comedies and in movies like Revenge（报复）of the NerdsThey get high grades, all right, but only by becoming dull laborers, their noses always stuck in a bookThey are not good at social communication and look clumsy while doing sportsHow, then, do we account for Dome
21、nica Roman or Paul Melendres?Roman is on the tennis team at Fairmont Senior High SchoolShe also sings in the choral group, serves on the student council and is a member of the mathematics societyFor two years she has maintained As in every subjectMelendres, a freshman at the University of New Mexico
22、, was student-body president at Valley High School in AlbuquerqueHe played soccer and basketball well, exhibited at the science fair, and meanwhile worked as a reporter on a local television stationBeing a speech giver at the graduation ceremony, he achieved straight As in his regular classes, plus
23、bonus points for As in two college-level coursesHow do super-achievers like Roman and Melendres do it? Brains arent the only answer“Top grades dont always go to the brightest students, ” declares Herbert Walberg, a professor of education at the University of Illinois at Chicago, who has conducted ma
24、jor studies on super-achieving students“Knowing how to make the most of your innate（天生的）abilities counts for moreMuch more”In fact, Walberg says, students with high IQ sometimes dont do as well as classmates with lower IQFor them, learning comes too easily and they never find out how to get downHard
25、 work isnt the whole story, either“Its not how long you sit there with the books open, ” said one of the many-A students we interviewed“Its what you do while youre sitting” Indeed, some of these students actually put in fewer hours of homework time than their lower-scoring classmatesThe kids at the
26、top of the class get there by mastering a few basic techniques that others can readily learn11The underlined word “nerds” can probably be Adull bookworms lacking sports and social skillsBsuccessful top students popular with their peersCstudents with certain learning difficultiesDborn leaders crazy a
27、bout social activities12What can we conclude from the first paragraph?AMost TV programs and films are about straight-A studentsBPeople have unfavorable impression on straight-A studentsCEveryone knows about straight-A students from TV or filmsDStraight-A students are well admired by people in the so
28、ciety13Some students become super-achievers mainly because Athey are born cleverer than othersBthey work longer hours at studyCthey make full use of their abilitiesDthey know the shortcut to success14What will be talked about after the last paragraph?AThe interviews with more studentsBThe role IQ pl
29、ays in learning wellCThe techniques to be better learnersDThe achievements top students make15What can we infer from the passage?AIQ is more important than hard work in studyBThe brightest students can never get low gradesCTop students certainly achieve all-around developmentsDStudents with average
30、IQ can become super-achievers【参考答案】1115、A B C C DDBack in the fifteenth century, in a tiny village near Nuremberg, lived a family with eighteen childrenIn spite of the hopeless condition, two of the children, Albrecht Durer and Albert, had a dreamThey both wanted to pursue their talent for artAfter
31、many long discussions, the two boys finally worked out an agreementThey would toss a coinThe loser would go down into the nearby mines and, with his earnings, support his brother who attended the academyThen, when that brother who won the toss completed his studies, in four years, he would support t
32、he other brother at the academyTossing a coin, Albrecht Durer won and went off to NurembergAlbert went down into the dangerous mines and, for the next four years, supported his brother, whose work at the academy was almost an immediate sensation（轰动）By the time he graduated, he had earned considerabl
33、e fees for his outstanding worksWhen the young artist returned to his village, the Durer family held a festive dinner to celebrate lbrechts triumphant（胜利的）homecomingAlbrecht drank a toast to his beloved brother for the years of sacrifice that had enabled him to complete his dream“And now, Albert, bl
34、essed brother of mine, now it is your turnNow you can go to Nuremberg to look for your dream, and I will take care of you”Tears streaming down his pale face, Albert sobbed, “NonoIt is too late for meLooklook at what four years in the mines have done to my hands！The bones in every finger have been br
35、oken at least once, and lately I have been suffering from arthritis（关节炎）so badly in my right hand that I cannot even hold a glass to return your toast, much less draw delicate lines with a pen or a brush”To show thanks to Albert for all that he had sacrificed, Albrecht Durer painstakingly drew his b
36、rothers injured hands with palms together and thin fingers stretched skywardHe called his powerful drawing simply “Hands”, but the entire world almost immediately opened their hearts to his great masterpiece and renamed it “The Praying Hands”The next time you see a copy of that touching creation, le
37、t it be your reminderno one ever makes any success alone！16Why did the two brothers work out the agreement？AThey were so curious as to make a jokeBTheir family couldnt afford the academyCOne of the brothers was supposed to go into minesDThey wanted to support the other sisters and brothers17The unde
38、rlined word “whose” in Para2 refers to Athe Durer familys Bthe miners CAlberts DAlbrechts18Which of the following statements is NOT true about Albrecht Durer？AHe began to earn his living after graduationBHe did perfectly well at the academyCHe wanted his brother to go to the academyDHe created great
39、 masterpieces19Which of the following is the correct order of the story？aAlbrecht went to NurembergbAlbert supported his brothercThe Durer family held a festive dinnerdAlbrecht drew his brothers injured handseThe brothers tossed a coinAb, a, c, d, e Ba, e, c, d, b Ce, a, c, b, d De, a, b, c, d20What
40、 can we learn from the story？AOne can achieve success simply on his ownBAny success requires the help of othersCIts other people who contribute to ones successDNobody could succeed without good guidance【参考答案】1620、B D A D B阅读理解-BHealthy knees arent the main consideration in choosing high heels, but n
41、ew research says chunky heels are just as bad for the knees as spindly stilettos (细高跟鞋). “It takes a long time to feel the effects of knee osteoarthritis (骨关节炎) - and once you do, it is too late,” said Dr. Casey Kerrigan, leading researcher of the study and associate professor at Harvard Medical Sch
42、ools department of physical medicine. “I compare it to smoking - one cigarette is not painful, but over a lifetime it is. Wide-heeled shoes feel comfortable, so women wear them all day long, “Kerrigan said. “They are better for your feet than stiletto heels, but just as bad for your knees.”In the st
43、udy, researchers had twenty women wear two pairs of shoes with three-inch heels, one with a narrow heel and the other with a thick one. The scientists compared how much pressure was put on the womens knees by both types of shoes. The women also walked barefoot to test normal pressure. The scientists
44、 found that both types of shoes applied equal amounts of pressure to the knees. Compared with walking barefoot, the heels increased pressure on the inside of the knee by 26 percent. Increased pressure on the knee eventually leads to arthritis(关节炎), experts say.The idea that high heels are bad for yo
45、ur health isnt new - scientists have warned women for years that they contribute to problems ranging from corns to hammer toes, tendonitis, knee pain, sprained (扭伤) ankles and back problems. But in 1998, Kerdgan and a team of Harvard researchers were the first to link high heels and knee osteoarthri
46、tis, a painful joint disease that destroys cartilage (软骨) surrounding the knee. The first study looked only at stiletto heels, and Kerrigan said she wanted to study the chunky high-heeled shoes she noticed many women wearing. “This study confirms what we all intuitively (直觉地) know that high-heeled s
47、hoes of any kind are not good for our health,” said Dr. Glenn Pfeifer, a San Francisco doctor and member of the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons who was not connected to the study.5. We learn from the passage that women choose chunky heels because _.A. they want to walk comfortablyB. chunky h
48、eeled shoes are cheaper than stiletto heeled pairsC. chunky heels do less harm to kneesD. chunky heels are not painful at all6. It can be inferred from the passage that _.A. people got to know the high heels are bad for health recentlyB. people have known the high heels are bad for health for yearsC
49、. people havent known the high heels are bad for health yetD. people will be warned that the high heels are bad for health soon7. The best title for the passage may be _.A. Taking Healthy Knees into Consideration B. High-heels Do Harm to KneesC. Chunky Heels and Stiletto Heels D. When Wearing High-heels
