1、2014高考英语阅读理解练习（4）及答案（解析） C22013浙江卷 DIn 1974, after filling out fifty applications, going through four interviews, and winning one offer, I took what I could geta teaching job at what I considered a distant wild area: western New Jersey. My characteristic optimism was alive only when I reminded mysel
2、f that I would be doing what I had wanted to do since I was fourteenteaching English. School started, but I felt more and more as if I were in a foreign country. Was this rural area really New Jersey? My students took a week off when hunting season began. I was told they were also frequently absent
3、in late October to help their fathers make hay on the farms. I was a young woman from New York City, who thought that “Make hay while the sun shines” just meant to have a good time. But, still, I was teaching English. I worked hard, taking time off only to eat and sleep. And then there was my sixthg
4、rade classseventeen boys and five girls who were only six years younger than me. I had a problem long before I knew it. I was struggling in my work as a young idealistic teacher. I wanted to make literature come alive and to promote a love of the written word. The students wanted to throw spitballs
5、and whisper dirty words in the back of the room. In college I had been taught that a successful educator should ignore bad behavior. So I did, confident that, as the textbook had said, the bad behavior would disappear as I gave my students positive attention. It sounds reasonable, but the text evide
6、ntly ignored the fact that humans, particularly teenagers, rarely seem reasonable. By the time my boss, who was also my taskmaster, known to be the strictest, most demanding, most quick to fire inexperienced teachers, came into the classroom to observe me, the students exhibited very little good beh
7、avior to praise. My boss sat in the back of the room. The boys in the class were making animal noises, hitting each other while the girls filed their nails or read magazines. I just pretended it all wasnt happening, and went on lecturing and tried to ask some inspiring questions. My boss, sitting in
8、 the back of the room, seemed to be growing bigger and bigger. After twenty minutes he left, silently. Visions of unemployment marched before my eyes. I felt mildly victorious that I got through the rest of class without crying, but at my next free period I had to face him. I wondered if he would le
9、t me finish out the day. I walked to his office, took a deep breath, and opened the door. He was sitting in his chair, and he looked at me long and hard. I said nothing. All I could think of was that I was not an English teacher; I had been lying to myself, pretending that everything was fine. When
10、he spoke, he said simply, without accusation, “You had nothing to say to them.”“You had nothing to say to them，” he repeated. “No wonder theyre bored. Why not get to the meat of the literature and stop talking about symbolism. Talk with them, not at them. And more important, why do you ignore their
11、bad behavior？” We talked. He named my problems and offered solutions. We roleplayed. He was the bad student, and I was the forceful, yet, warm, teacher. As the year progressed, we spent many hours discussing literature and ideas about human beings and their motivations. He helped me identify my weak
12、nesses and my strengths. In short, he made a teacher of me by teaching me the reality of Emersons words: “The secret to education lies in respecting the pupil.”Fifteen years later I still drive that same winding road to the same school. Thanks to the help I received that difficult first year, the sc
13、hool is my home now. 55It can be inferred from the story that in 1974 _. A. the writer became an optimistic personB. the writer was very happy about her new jobC. it was rather difficult to get a job in the USAD. it was easy to get a teaching job in New Jersey56According to the passage, which of the
14、 following is most probably the writers problem as a new teacher? A. She had blind trust in what she learnt at college. B. She didnt ask experienced teachers for advice. C. She took too much time off to eat and sleep. D. She didnt like teaching English literature. 57What is the writers biggest worry
15、 after her taskmasters observation of her class? A. She might lose her teaching job. B. She might lose her students respect. C. She couldnt teach the same class any more. D. She couldnt ignore her students bad behavior any more. 58Which of the following gives the writer a sense of mild victory?A. He
16、r talk about symbolism sounded convincing. B. Her students behaved a little better than usual. C. She managed to finish the class without crying. D. She was invited for a talk by her boss after class. 59The students behaved badly in the writers classes because _. A. they were eager to embarrass herB
17、. she didnt really understand themC. they didnt regard her as a good teacherD. she didnt have a good command of English60The taskmasters attitude towards the writer after his observation of her class can be best described as _A. cruel but encouraging B. fierce but forgivingC. sincere and supportive
18、D. angry and aggressive【要点综述】 这是一篇感人的文章，作者历经千辛万苦获得了一份教师的工作，但由于初为人师，教条主义和理想化成了她教学的最大问题。有一天老板来听课，却看到作者对学生恶劣的行为置之不理，所以只听了二十分钟便离开了，作者感觉自己可能要失去教学的工作。她虽然没有在课堂上哭泣而坚持讲完了剩下的课，但毫无疑问，这仍然是一堂失败的课。终于，老板告诉她问题的症结所在没有真正了解学生。55C考查推理判断。从全文第一段提到的“In 1974, after filling out fifty applications，”推知，在1974年要想在美国得到一份工作是非常艰难的
19、事情，所以答案选C项。56A考查推理判断。从文章第三段的“I was struggling in my work as a young idealistic teacher.”和第四段中的“In college I had been taughtbut the text evidently ignored the fact”推知，作为一位新老师，作者过于理想化和教条主义，所学知识和现实之间有很大的差异，这是作者的问题所在，由此可知A项为最佳答案。57A考查推理判断。从文章第五段“Visions of unemployment marched before my eyes.”可以推断出，当老板坐
20、在课堂上听课，而我却对学生束手无策时，一种要丢掉工作饭碗的预感深深困扰着我，由此答案选A项。58C考查细节理解。从第六段“I felt mildly victorious that I got through the rest of class without crying”可知，令作者还有些成就感的是她终于顺利地上完了课，而且也没有哭，答案选C项。59B考查推理判断。从文章倒数第三段“You had nothing to say to them”推断知，老板认为作者没有真正地对学生发问，也就是说作者没有真正地了解学生，走近学生，所以学生们在她的课堂中表现很差，答案选B项。60C 考查观点态度
21、。从倒数第三段中“He named my problems and offered solutions.”知，作者的老板对作者非常友善，他指出了作者的不足并积极提供解决方法，由此可知他是一个很真诚并且给予帮助的人，故答案C项最佳。(2011福建卷，D)Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy Onassis was one of the most private women in the world, yet when she went to work as an editor in the last two decades of her life, she revealed (展
22、现) herself as she did nowhere else.After the death of her second husband，Greek shipping magnate (巨头) Aristotle Onassis lacquelines close friend and former White House social secretary Letitis Baldrige made a suggestion that she consider a career (职业) in publishing.After consideration，Jacqueline acce
23、pted it.Perhaps she hoped to find there some ideas about how to live her own life. She became not less but more interested in reading.For the last 20 years of her life, Jacqueline worked as a publishers editor, first at Viking，then at Doubleday, pursuing(追求)a latelife career longer than her two marr
24、iages combined.During her time in publishing, she was responsible for managing and editing more than 100 successfully marketed books.Among the first books were In the Russian Style and Inventive Paris Clothes.She also succeeded in persuading TV hosts Bill Moyers and Joseph Campbell to transform thei
25、r popular television conversation into a book ，The Power of Myth.The book went on to become an international bestseller.She dealt，too with Michael Jackson as he prepared his autobiography(自传)，Moonwalk.Jacqueline may have been hired for her name and for her social relations，but she soon proved her wo
26、rth.Her choices，suggestions and widespread social relations were of benefit both to the publishing firms and to Jacqueline herself.In the books she selected for publication，she built on a lifetime of spending time by herself as a reader and left a record of the growth of her mind.Her books are the a
27、utobiogaphy she never wrote.Her_role_as_First_Lady，in_the_end，was_overshadowed_by_her_performance_as_an_editor.However，few knew that she had achieved so much. 本文主要讲述Jacqueline在选择了编辑这一职业后所做出的成就。在这一行业里她的光芒甚至压过了她作为第一夫人的头衔。17We can learn from the passage that Jacqueline_.Abecame fond of reading after wo
28、rking as an editorBwas in charge of publishing 100 booksCpromoted her books through social relationsDgained a lot from her career as an editor答案：D。推理判断题。由文章内容可知，在第二任丈夫去世后 ，朋友推荐Jacqueline考虑在出版业谋一职位，没有想到她在此行业取得了成功，即D项正确。18The underlined sentence in the last paragraph probably means that_.AJacqueline e
29、nded up as an editor rather than as First LadyBJacquelines life as First Lady was more colorful than as an editorCJacqueline was more successful as an editor than as First LadyDJacquelines role as First Lady was more brilliant than as an editor答案：C。句意理解题。解本题的关键在于正确理解overshadow一词。通读全文可知，Jacqueline作为编
30、辑取得了巨大成功，光芒超过了她第一夫人的头衔，故C项正确。19What can be inferred from the passage?AJacquelines two marriages lasted more than 20 years.BJacquelines own publishing firm was set up eventually.CJacquelines views and beliefs were reflected in the books she edited.DJacquelines achievements were widely known.答案：C。推理判断
31、题。由文章最后一段信息“In her books she selected for publication，she built on a lifetime of spending time by herself as a reader and left a record of the growth of her mind.”可知她的一些个人观点在自己编辑的书中有所表露，故C项正确。20The passage is mainly_.Aan introduction of Jacquelines life both as First Lady and as an editorBa brief de
32、scription of Jacquelines lifelong experiencesCa brief account of Jacquelines career as an editor in her last 20 yearsDan analysis of Jacquelines social relations in publishing答案：C。主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述Jacqueline作为编辑所取得的成就，故C项正确。C82012浙江卷 Below is a selection about some Guinness(吉尼斯) World Records.Top
33、6 Unusual Guinness World RecordsFastest 100 m running on all foursThe 2008 Guinness World Records Day was, according to GWR，their biggest day of recordbreaking ever, with more than 290,000 people taking part in record attempts in 15 different countries. Kenichi Itos record attempt was part of this s
34、pecial day. He is just another example of Japanese with “super powers”. His “super power” is to run with great speed on all fours. Kenichi Ito ran 100 m on all fours in 18.58 seconds. The Japanese set this record at Setagaya Kuritsu Sogo Undojyo, Tokyo, in 2008.Most people inside a soap bubbleLonges
35、t ears on a dogMost living generationsDid you ever wonder what is the Guinness World Record for most living generations in one family? Seven is the answer.The ultimate authority on recordbreaking mentions on the website that the youngest greatgreatgreatgreat grandparent of this family was Augusta Bu
36、ng “aged 109 years 97 days, followed by her daughter aged 89, her granddaughter aged 70, her great granddaughter aged 52, her greatgreat granddaughter aged 33 and her greatgreatgreat granddaughter aged 15 on the birth of her greatgreatgreatgreat grandson on January 21, 1989”Most Tshirts worn at once
37、Heaviest pumpkin46Why is Kenichi Ito described as a man with a “super power”？AHe set a good example to all Japanese.BHe made record attempts in 15 different countries.CHe set a new record for “Fastest 100 m running on all fours”DHe participated in the 2008 Guinness World Records Day activities.47Jef
38、fries is the name of _.Athe owner of the dog with the longest earsBthe grandfather of the dog with the longest earsCthe present holder of the record for “Longest ears on a dog”Dthe former holder of the record for “Longest ears on a dog”48How many Tshirts had Krunoslav Budiseli put on before he felt
39、it difficult to go on?A68. B120. C238. D245.49According to the given information, which Guinness World Record was most recently set?AThe record for “Most people inside a soap bubble”BThe record for “Most living generations”CThe record for “Most Tshirts worn at once”DThe record for “Heaviest pumpkin”
40、【要点综述】本文是一篇应用文，主要向读者介绍6个不同寻常的吉尼斯世界纪录的情况。46. C细节理解题。从第一则纪录中提到的He is just anothersuper powersKenichi Ito ran 100 m on all fours知，Kenichi Ito创造了最新的最快的100米“四肢爬”纪录，所以选C项。47. D细节理解题。从文章第三则纪录中Mr. Jeffries is the previous record holder of this title可以知道，Mr. Jeffries是前纪录保持者，所以选D项。48. B细节理解题。从第五则纪录中The Tshirt
41、s weighed 68 kg and Budiseli said he began struggling around Tshirt No. 120可以知道Budiseli在穿了120件T恤后感觉有点困难再穿上T恤了，所以选B项。49. A推理判断题。从文章的纪录中可以知道，A项是2011年4月4日创造的；B项是1989年1月21日创造的；C项是2010年5月22日创造的；D项是2010年10月9日创造的，由此知A项是最近时间创造的，所以选A项。C82012四川卷 Plants are flowering faster than scientists predicted(预测)in reac
42、tion to climate change, which could have long damaging effects on food chains and ecosystems.Global warming is having a great effect on hundreds of plant and animal species around the world, changing some living patterns, scientists say.Increased carbon dioxide(CO2)in the air from burning coal and o
43、il can have an effect on how plants produce oxygen, while higher temperatures and changeable rainfall patterns can change their patterns of growth.“Predicting species reaction to climate change is a major challenge in ecology，” said the researchers of several US. universities. They said plants had b
44、een the key object of study because their reaction to climate change could have an effect on food chains and ecosystem services.The study, published on the Nature website, uses the findings from plant life cycle studies and experiments across four continents and 1,634 species. It found that some exp
45、eriments had underestimated(低估) the speed of flowering by 8.5 times and leafing by 4 times.“Across all species, the experiments underpredicted the speed of the advancefor both leafing and floweringthat results from temperature increases，” the study said.The design of future experiments may need to b
46、e improved to better predict how plants will react to climate change, it said.Plants are necessary for life on the Earth. They are the base of the food chain, using photosynthesis(光合作用)to produce sugar from carbon dioxide and water. They let out oxygen which is needed by nearly every organism on the
47、 planet.Scientists believe the worlds average temperature has risen by about 0.8 since 1900, and nearly 0.2 every ten years since 1979.So far, efforts to cut emissions(排放)of planetwarming greenhouse gases are not seen as enough to prevent the Earth heating up beyond 2 this centurya point scientists
48、say will bring the danger of a changeable climate in which weather extremes are common, leading to drought, floods, crop failures and rising sea levels.57. What is the key information the author wants to give in Paragraph 1?APlants reaction to weather could have damaging effects on ecosystems.BThe i
49、ncreasing speed of flowering is beyond scientists expectation.CClimate change leads to the change of food production patterns.DFood chains have been seriously damaged because of weather.58. We can learn from the study published on the Nature website that _.Aplants flowering is 8.5 times faster than
50、leafingBthere are 1,634 plant species on the four continentsCscientists should improve the design of the experimentsDthe experiments failed to predict how plants react to climate change59. Scientists pay special attention to the study of plants because_.Athey can prove the climate change clearlyBthe
51、y are very important in the food chainsCthey play a leading role in reducing global warmingDthey are growing and flowering much faster than before60. What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs about the worlds temperature?AIt has risen nearly 0.2 since 1979.BIts change will lead to weather ex
52、tremes.CIt is 0.8 higher in 1979 than that of 1900.DIt needs to be controlled within 2 in this century.【要点综述】本文为科普类文章。文章论述了全球变暖的气候环境会让植物提前开花，进而影响整个食物链及生态系统。57. B细节理解题。第一段话给读者传达的主要信息存在于主句，而不是which所引导的定语从句上。根据“Plants are flowering faster than scientists predicted”可知，作者是要告知读者植物开花的增速超出了科学家的预期。故选B。A为次要信息
53、。58. C推理判断题。第五段话“It found that some experiments had underestimated(低估)the speed of flowering by 8.5 times and leafing by 4 times.”暗示读者：对于植物所设计的实验应该有所改进，故答案选C。59. B细节理解题。根据第四段“They said plants had been the key object of study because their reaction to climate change could have an effect on food chain
54、s and ecosystem services.”可知植物对气候变化的反应对整个食物链和生态系统都至关重要。故答案选B。60. D推理判断题。从倒数第二段“has risen by about 0.8 since 1900, and nearly 0.2 every ten years since 1979.”可知A、C项错误；从最后一段叙述可知，如果本世纪地球变暖超过2，便会出现weather extremes。暗示我们这个世纪地球温度的上升需要控制在2的范围之内。故答案选D。C22013重庆卷 AThe morning had been a disaster.My tooth was a
55、ching，and Id been in an argument with a friend.Her words still hurt：“The trouble with you is that you wont put yourself in my place.Cant you see things from my point of view？”I shook my head stubbornlyand felt the ache in my tooth.Id thought I could hold out till my dentist came back from holiday，bu
56、t the pain was really unbearable.I started calling the dentists in the phone book，but no one could see me immediately.Finally，at about lunchtime，I got lucky.“If you come by right now，”the receptionist said，“the dentist will fit you in.”I took my purse and keys and rushed to my car.But suddenly I beg
57、an to doubt about the dentist.What kind of dentist would be so eager to treat someone at such short notice？Why wasnt he as busy as the others?In the dentists office，I sat down and looked around.I saw nothing but the bare walls and I became even more worried.The assistant noticed my nervousness and p
58、laced her warm hand over my icecold one.When I told her my fears，she laughed and said，“Dont worry.The dentist is very good.”“How long do I have to wait for him？”I asked impatiently.“Come on，he is coming.Just lie down and relax.And enjoy the artwork，”the assistant said.“The artwork？”I was puzzled.The
59、 chair went back. Suddenly I smiled.There was a beautiful picture，right where I could enjoy it：on the ceiling.How considerate the dentist was！At that moment，I began to understand what my friend meant by her words.What a relief!56Which of the following best describes the authors feeling that morning?
60、ACheerful.BNervous.CSatisfied.DUpset.57What made the author begin to doubt about the dentist?AThe dentists agreeing to treat her at very short notice.BThe dentists being as busy as the other dentists.CThe surroundings of the dentists office.DThe laughing assistant of the dentist.58Why did the author
61、 suddenly smile?ABecause the dentist came at last.BBecause she saw a picture on the ceiling.CBecause she could relax in the chair.DBecause the assistant kept comforting her.59What did the author learn from her experience most probably?AStrike while the iron is hot.BHave a good word for ones friend.C
62、Put oneself in others shoes.DA friend in need is a friend indeed.【要点综述】 作者牙痛难忍，通过电话簿寻医，大多数医生不能马上为她诊治。最后，一位牙医欣然同意立马诊治。作者对该医生的医术能力表示怀疑：别的医生都很忙，只有医道不精者才门可罗雀。但后来的事实表明作者看人的方式有问题。在该诊所，作者受该医生匠心独运的安排的影响，调整了心情，忘却了病痛，也明白了事理。56D推理判断题。第一段中，aching, hurt及unbearable等词均描述作者的心境：难受。57A细节理解题。第三段最后两句说明作者对该牙医的怀疑：别的牙医均未答应立即施救，唯独该牙医欣然答应诊治，反倒引起别人对其医术的怀疑。58B推理判断题。因为看见天花板上医生为病人绘制的美图，会使病人忘却病痛，因此作者感到释然而笑。该题干扰较大的选项为C，但坐在牙科医生的手术椅上不一定就能缓解病痛，故排除C项。59C综合推理题。 put oneself in others shoes为习语，意思为：使某人处于和别人相同的处境，即换位思考。牙医用天花板的美图来消解病人的苦痛，即改变对事物的认识角度，从而解决问题。
