1、高考资源网（） 您身边的高考专家2014高考英语宏志班优化设计系列训练及答案：牛津译林版选修6Unit41lack n.& v. 缺乏，缺少，不足He lacks courage.他缺乏勇气。We lacked both time and money.我们缺少时间和金钱。Money for the project is still lacking.进行这个项目的钱还没有着落。Something is lacking in his argument.他的论点里缺点东西。Lack of heat made us cold.没有暖气使我们觉得很冷。There is no lack of vegeta
2、ble.不缺蔬菜。用法拓展for（by/through/due to/from）lack of 由于缺乏，因为不足no lack of 不缺乏，很多lack for 缺乏（多用于否定句，lack是动词）（a/the）lack of 缺少 supply the lack 补缺There is a lack of.缺少There is no lack of such people.不乏其人。She does not lack for friends.她不缺少朋友。反馈1.1 Those old people _ a general understanding of the present situ
3、ation.Alack ofBare lacking ofClack Din lack of反馈1.2Many young workers _ proper training.Aare lacking in Bare lack ofClack for Dlack of反馈1.3The experiment ended in failure _ lack of money.Aas BdueCfor Dwith2worthy adj.值得的，有价值的；值得尊敬的，应受到赏识的Hong Kong is worthy of a visit/to be visited/of being visited.
4、香港值得去看一看。用法归纳形容词worthy可以作表语和定语：1）作表语： worthy与of连用时，构成be worthy of，其中of的后面可以接名词或动名词的被动形式。That is worthy of notice.那件事值得注意。This phenomenon is worthy of being studied.这种现象值得研究。 worthy可与动词不定式连用，动词不定式也要用被动式。但worthy后面不可再用介词of，须直接接不定式。This problem is worthy to be considered.这个问题值得考虑。2）作定语：This is a worthy
5、article.这是一篇值得一看的文章。This is behavior worthy of praise.这是值得称赞的行为。易混辨析worth，worthy和worthwhile辨析这三个词都可用作形容词，都有“值（得）、应受到赏识的、有价值的、有意义的”等意思，但用法不同。worth只能作表语，但不能单独作表语，虽是形容词，但性质像介词，后面必须接名词或动名词（主动表示被动）。worth不能作定语，要作定语需用worthwhile或worthy。worthy 不能单独作表语，后面须接ofn.或不定式，不能用主动表示被动；另外，worthy of有“配得上”或“适合”之意。worthwhi
6、le可以作定语和表语，也只有worthwhile可单独作表语。Is the exhibition worth a visit/visiting？这个展览会值得去参观吗？Thank you for your worthwhile suggestion.谢谢你提出的好建议。When we die for the people，it is a worthy death.我们为人民而死，就是死得其所。反馈2.1He threw a party _ a millionaire.Aworth Bworthy ofCright for Dgood for反馈2.2It is not _ to discuss
7、 the question again and again.Aworth Bworthy Cworthwhile Dworth while反馈2.3Such a good book is _ reading.Aworth BworthyCworthwhile Dneeded反馈2.4His article is _ of being read.Aworth BworthyCworthwhile Dfond反馈2.5The magazine is _ to be read.Aworth BworthwhileCworthy Dconsidering反馈2.6 I dont believe tha
8、t your Tshirt is _.Aworth of the priceBworthwhile of the priceCworth the priceDworthy the price3contribute vt.捐献，有助于，促进，导致，投稿He contributed half of his savings to the relief fund.他将积蓄的一半捐献给了救济基金会。He has contributed a lot to the world peace.他对世界和平作出了巨大贡献。She has contributed a number of articles to Ch
9、ina Daily.她给中国日报投了一些文章。Your suggestion has greatly contributed to the accomplishment of our work.你的建议大大地促进了我们工作的完成。Various factors contributed to his downfall.诸多因素导致了他的倒台。Drink contributed to his ruin.酗酒把他毁了。用法拓展make a contribution to有助于/对作出贡献We should make a contribution to our country.我们应为我们的国家作贡献
10、。含介词to的短语还有：look forward to 盼望 be/get used to 习惯于stick to 坚持 lead to 导致object to/be opposed to反对 belong to 属于prefer.to.宁愿也不愿 get down to 开始，着手做hold on to 坚持，抓住不放Lets get down to discussing the next question.咱们开始讨论下一个问题吧。反馈3.1Smoking is a major factor _ lung cancer.Acontribute toBcontributes toCcontr
11、ibuted toDcontributing to反馈3.2His hard work _ the success of his passing the final exam.Acontributed toBwas contributed toCresulted fromDwas resulted from反馈3.3The good policy _ a lot to the economic development was praised.Agiving BgivenCcontributing Dcontributed反馈3.4 I always have so many things to
12、 _ when I come into the office after a trip abroad.Aadd to Bcontribute toCattend to Dappeal to4means n.单复数同形方法，手段，工具，资力，财产，钱 Is there any means of getting there?有什么办法可以到达那里吗？Cars，buses，trains and ships are means of transport.汽车、公共汽车、火车和轮船是交通工具。易混辨析means，way，method和approach辨析means指为达到某种目的或目标而采用的方法、手段
13、或途径。way的本义是“通路”，引申为“方法”。指一般的或自己的方式、方法，与技巧或效果的好坏无关。method指系统的、合理的、精心设计的“方法”。approach也可指做某些事的途径或方法、通路，常和介词to连用。Radio and television are important means of communication.无线电和电视是重要的通信手段。Is this the right way of doing a thing?这是办事的正确方法吗？There is a method in doing anything.做什么事都有个方法。We must take a scienti
14、fic approach to the problem.我们必须用科学方法研究这一问题。反馈4.1Every possible means _ been tried，and we find only _ this means can we do it well.Ahave；in Bhave；byChas；in Dhas；by反馈4.2At the meeting they discussed three different _ to the study of mathematics.Aapproaches BmeansCmethods Dways反馈4.3By no means _ to yo
15、ur parents.Ais this the first time you are lyingBthis is the first time you have liedCthis is the first time you tell a lieDis this the first time you have lied5acquire vt. 占有，获得，取得，学到How did he acquire his wealth?他的财富是怎样得来的？易混辨析achieve，acquire，attain，gain和obtain辨析这组词都含有一定的“获得，达到”之意。achieve 强调由于极大的努
16、力，克服困难后达到目标，成功地完成或实现。acquire 指经过不懈努力才获得的技术、知识等抽象的东西，也指养成习惯等。attain是正式用语，指经过艰苦努力才使人达到完美境地。gain 指需要做出更大的努力，往往指通过竞争获得某些有价值的东西。obtain 指经过努力或付出代价或经过很长时间得到所需要的东西。He will never achieve anything unless he works harder.如果他不更努力地工作，将会一事无成。Gradually we acquired experience in how to do the work.我们逐步获得了做这工作的经验。Th
17、ey are not likely to attain the aim.他们未必能够达到这一目标。Our company has gained a good reputation.我们公司赢得了好名声。He failed to obtain a scholarship.他没有获得奖学金。反馈5.1After so many years of hard work，he finally _ success.Aobtained BacquiredCachieved Dgained反馈5.2 She has _ some very unpleasant habits recently.Aobtaine
18、d BgainedCattained Dacquired反馈5.3 In the second experiment they _ a very clear result.Aobtained BacquiredCwon Dattained反馈5.4No _ without pains.Aobtains BgainsCattains Dacquires反馈5.5 She _ a good knowledge of English from Mr Chens lectures.Aachieved BattainedCacquired Dgained6refer to指的是，适用于，提到，查阅，让处
19、理What does the underlined word refer to in the passage?短文中画线词指什么？This rule refers to all of you.这个规定适用于你们所有人。Did he refer to me in his letter？他在信中提到我了吗？If you dont know the meaning of a word，you can refer to a dictionary.如果你不知道一个单词的意思，可以查字典。Lets refer this matter to the teacher.咱们让老师来处理这件事。相关短语refer
20、 to.as 把称作We refer to our teacher as our friend.我们把老师当朋友。Its not right to refer to students as silly cows.叫学生蠢猪是不对的。反馈6.1（2012安徽定远中学月考）When it _ making friends on the Internet，you cannot be too careful.Acomes to Brefers toCturns to Dgets to反馈6.2Although the teacher did not mention any names，everybod
21、y knew who he was _.Aattending to Bturning toCreferring to Dtalking to反馈6.3The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without _ his notes.Abringing up Breferring toClooking for Dtrying on7break down 毁坏；（精神、身体、社会秩序等）崩溃，出毛病，受挫，垮掉，分解，失败The bridge broke down.桥塌了。The car broke down on
22、 the way home.在回家的路上汽车抛锚了。He has broken down from overwork.他因工作过度而累垮了。She broke down in tears when she heard the news，but quickly recovered.她听到这个消息就哭了起来，但很快就恢复过来了。Water can be broken down into hydrogen and oxygen.水可以分解为氢和氧。The plan to build another chemical work has broken down because it will cause
23、 serious pollution.再建一个化工厂的计划失败了，因为这将引起严重的污染。用法拓展含有break的短语break away from 从中脱离break in 闯入，打断break into 闯入break off 中止；折断；打折break out（火灾、战争等）突然发生，爆发break through 突破（障碍，包围）break up解体，破裂，结业When we got home，I found the house broken into.到家时，我发现有人闯入过我们家。It is difficult to break away from a habit.要改掉一个习惯
24、很困难。Their marriage broke up after they had been married for ten years.他们的婚姻在结婚10年后破裂了。The glass broke up into pieces.玻璃杯破成了碎片。反馈7.1The plan _ just because people were unwilling to operate.Abroke downBpulled downCturned downDput down反馈7.2（2012江西南昌二中月考）When the peace talk failed，there was a fear that
25、war may _ at anytime.Abreak off Bbreak upCbreak out Dbreak down反馈7.3A quarrel _，which made him _ his family.Awas broken out；break awayBbroke out；break away fromCwas broken away；break downDbroke down；break out反馈7.4We thought it was time to _ the talk.Abreak in Bbreak offCbreak up Dbreak down8remind s
26、b.of sth.使某人想起The boys story reminded me of my childhood.那个男孩的经历使我想起了我的童年。What he said reminded me of my unfinished work.他的话使我想起了我还没有做完的工作。The song reminds me of France.这首歌使我想起了法国。用法拓展remind sb.about sth.提醒某人某事remind sb.to do sth.提醒某人做某事remind sb.that.提醒某人/使某人想起Id like to remind you about your appoi
27、ntment tomorrow morning.我想提醒你明早你有个约会。I reminded him to answer that letter.我提醒他要回信。I reminded him that he must go home before dark.我提醒他必须要在天黑前回家。反馈8.1（2012福建六校联考）_ not to hang out at midnight，the boy headed home soon.AReminding BHaving remindedCReminded DTo remind 反馈8.2The picture reminded me _ my ye
28、ars at school.Ato BofCin Don反馈8.3I，_ the man in the rain，went out of the house with an extra umbrella.Athought of BconsideringCreminded of Drecalled9The situation is very different here，as are the problems.这里的情形很不一样，存在的问题也不同。这是as引导的非限制性定语从句，as是关系词，代替前面整个句子的内容。关系代词代替整个句子或句子的一部分内容时，as的用法如下。1从定语从句的位置角度
29、：as引导的定语从句可位于句首、句中或句末。2从固定搭配角度：常见固定用法as is well known，as is often the case，as often happens，as has been said before，as has been pointed out，as can be seen等。He shouts when he gets angry，as is often the case.他生气时就大叫，这是常有的情形。In this sense，property right equals to freedom，as is defined by law.因而，财产权就是自由
30、权，这是法律所界定的。A small country has some special advantages，as does a small population.国家小有小的好处，人少有少的好处。Albatrosses drink salt water，as do some other sea birds.信天翁喝咸水，同其他一些海鸟一样。She looks forward，as does her secretary，to the completion of the building.她像她的秘书一样盼望工程竣工。反馈9.1Often life is much slower outside
31、the big cities，_ true in other countries as well.Athat is Bwhich areCas is Das does反馈9.2The amount of sugar in our blood stream varies with the time of day，_ our temperature.Aas does Bas isCwhich is Dwhich does反馈9.3His mouth opened slightly，_ his eyes.Aas do Bas didCwhich do Dwhich did反馈9.4He regain
32、ed the title，_ surprised everybody.Awhich BasCthat Dit10This makes it easier to communicate and find out about peoples problems.这使得沟通和了解人们的问题更容易了。这是一个简单句。其中，this是主语，makes是谓语，it是形式宾语，easier是宾语补足语，to communicate and find out about peoples problems是真正的宾语。为了避免头重脚轻，用it作形式宾语，把真正的宾语放在了最后。用法拓展1）常用it作形式宾语的动词
33、有make，think，feel，find，consider等。2）it作形式宾语可以代替不定式、动名词或从句。We make it a rule to get up at 6 oclock every morning.我们把每天早晨6点起床作为一个规定。He found it impossible to leave Germany for the USA.他发现不可能离开德国去美国。I think/find/feel/consider it my duty to help you.我觉得我有责任帮助你。I like it that you came.你来了，我很高兴。See to it th
34、at youre not late again.注意千万不要再迟到。I owe it to you that I am still alive.多亏有你我才仍然活着。反馈10.1 Flowers growing in a wellequipped greenhouse find _ hard to survive in the wild.Ait BthatCso Dvery反馈10.2 The chairman thought _ necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.Athat BitCthis Dhim反馈1
35、0.3 He didnt make _ clear when and where the meeting would be held.Athis BthatCit Dthese考点归纳拓展【思路点拨】1.1 Clack作及物动词时，后面直接跟名词。1.2 A句意：很多青年工作者缺少必要的培训。这里用短语be lacking in.（缺少）。又如：Is she lacking in courage/wisdom/intelligence？（她缺乏勇气/智慧/智力吗？）。不要用are lack of结构，因为lack不是形容词，可以说are short of。1.3 C句意：由于缺钱，实验终止了。
36、for lack of“由于缺乏”。2.1 B句意：他开了一个适合百万富翁参加的派对。2.2 C此处符合“be worthwhile to do sth.”结构，故选C项。2.3 A句意：这本好书值得读。符合“be worth doing”结构。2.4 B句意：他的文章值得一读。符合“be worthy of doing”结构。2.5 C句意：这本杂志值得一读。符合“be worthy to be done”结构。2.6 Cworth意思是“价值，相当于的价值”。3.1 Dcontribute to意为“导致，引起”，此处应用非谓语形式且表主动。3.2 A句意：他的辛勤学习使他成功地通过了期末
37、考试。contribute to“有助于”。3.3 C此处需要一个非谓语动词作定语修饰policy，因为后面已经有了谓语动词was praised。根据语境，应该是“对经济发展作出很大贡献的好政策”，故contribute和policy为主动关系，故答案为C项。3.4 C我在国外旅行回到办公室，总是有很多事要处理。attend to“照料，处理”。4.1 D句意：每种可能的方法都试过了，我们发现只有用这种方法才有效。means由every修饰，故谓语动词用单数；by this means是固定短语。4.2 Aapproaches 一般和to连用。4.3 Dby no means “决不”，否定
38、意义放在句首，句子需倒装；“this is the first time.”句型中常用完成时态。5.1 C句意：经过这么多年努力，他终于获得了成功。achieve success“获得成功”。5.2 D句意：她最近养成了一些不良的习惯。acquire“培养（技能，习惯，品质）”。5.3 A句意：在第二次试验中他们得到了一个非常清楚的结果。5.4 B句意：不劳则无获。5.5 C句意：她从陈教授的讲座中学到很多英语知识。acquire knowledge of“求得知识”。6.1 Awhen it comes to.表示“当谈及时”。6.2 C句意：虽然老师没有提到名字，但大家都知道他指的是谁。r
39、efer to“指的是”。6.3 B句意：董事长在商业会议上讲了接近一小时都没有看稿子。refer to“参考”。7.1 A句意：人们不愿意运作，所以计划“流产”了。break down“彻底失败，不成功”；pull down“拆掉”；turn down“调小，拒绝”；put down“写下，记下”。7.2 C句意：当和平谈判失败时，人们心存战争随时爆发的恐惧。break off“中断”；break up“破裂”；break out“爆发”；break down“坏掉”。7.3 Bbreak out指“（火灾、战争等）突然发生，爆发”，为不及物动词；break away from“从中脱离”。
40、7.4 B句意：我们认为到了中止谈话的时间了。break off “中止”。8.1 Cremind和句子的主语the boy之间为被动关系，故应用过去分词作状语。8.2 B句意：这张照片使我想起我在学校的那些年。这是“remind sb.of sth.”结构。8.3 C句意大体为“我想到了雨中的那个人，就多拿着一把伞走出了房子。”此处需非谓语动词作原因状语或非限制性定语，因为已经有谓语动词went，故需考虑哪个动词短语有“想起”之意以及和I的主被动关系，consider为“考虑”，可排除，think of和recall都可作“想起或回忆起”讲，但和I为主动关系，故需用ing形式。remind和
41、I应为被动关系，而且remind sb. of是“使某人想起”之意。9.1 C句意：大都市外面的生活步调往往是缓慢得多，这在其他国家也是如此。as引导非限制性定语从句。9.2 A句意：我们血液中的血糖水平以及体温随一天的时间不同而不同。as引导非限制性定语从句，且前面是行为动词。9.3 B句意：他的嘴微张，眼睛也一样。as引导非限制性定语从句，且前面是行为动词的过去时。9.4 A句意：他重新得到了那个头衔，这让大家都很吃惊。此处需引导非限制性定语从句的引导词，故只能是which或as。另外，as引导的从句应该是支持前句的，如果是正如大家所预料的，就可用as。10.1 Ait作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式to survive in the wild。10.2 B为了平衡句子，用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting。10.3 Cit作形式宾语，真正的宾语是when and where引导的从句。- 12 - 版权所有高考资源网
