1、Inventors and inventions Unit 3 牵 手 课 堂 Words and Their Stories:Grapevine（词汇掌故：小道消息）The American inventor,Samuel F.Morse,is largely responsible for the birth of the expression.Among others,he experimented with the idea of telegraphysending messages over a wire by electricity.When Morse finally compl
2、eted his telegraphic instrument,he went before Congress to show that it worked.He sent a message over a wire from Washington to Baltimore.The message was,“What hath God wrought?”This was on May twenty-fourth,eighteen forty-four.Quickly,companies began to build telegraph lines from one place to anoth
3、er.Men everywhere seemed to be putting up poles with strings of wire for carrying telegraphic messages.The workmanship was poor and the wires were not put up straight.Some of the results looked strange.People said they looked like a grapevine.A large number of the telegraph lines were going in all d
4、irections,as crooked as the vines that grapes grow on.So was born the expression,by the grapevine.Some writers believe that the phrase would soon have disappeared were it not for the American Civil War.Soon after the war began in 1861,military commanders started to send battlefield reports by telegr
5、aph.People began hearing the phrase by the grapevine to describe false as well as true reports from the battlefield.It was like a game.Was it true?Who says so?Now,as in those faroff Civil War days,getting information by the grapevine remains something of a game.A friend brings you a bit of strange n
6、ews.“No,”you say,“it just cant be true!Who told you?”Comes the answer,“I got it by the grapevine.”You really cannot know how muchif anyof the information that comes to you by the grapevine is true or false.Still,in the words of an old American saying,the person who keeps pulling the grapevine shakes
7、 down at least a few grapes.Section Warming Up and Reading 栏目导航 课前教材预案课堂深度拓展课后限时作业课末随堂演练.Read the text and match the main idea with each paragraph.Part（Para.1）：（）A.The discovery of the problem of the snakes.Part（Para.23）：（）B.The requirement of getting a patent.Part（Para.46）：（）C.The research on the a
8、pproaches to solve the problem.Part（Para.78）：（）D.The attempts to catch the snakes.课前教材预案ACDB.Scan the text and choose the best answer according to the text.1.The purpose of the text is_.A.to show us how to trap the snakes without killing them B.to tell people how to apply for a patent of the writers
9、 new idea C.to introduce the writers new idea of trapping the snakes and her application for a patent D.to tell the readers how to get a new idea and make it a patent 答案：C 2.The writer was successful to catch the snakes in_.A.the third attempt B.the second way C.the first try D.every method 答案：A 3.H
10、ow did the writer catch the snakes?A.Using something the snakes were interested to attract them into a trap.B.Taking their habitat to another place.C.Placing the snakes at low temperature for them to sleep and then caught them.D.Using a pole to lead the snake to a narrow hole.答案：C4.Why did cooling t
11、he snakes make them less active?A.Because snakes are warm-blooded animals.B.Because snakes like high temperature.C.Because snakes are cold-blooded animals and they usually hibernate（冬眠）in winter.D.Because snakes are afraid of cold conditions.答案：C5.Which statement is TRUE according to the text?A.The
12、snakes were so sleepy in the second attempt that they couldnt bite the writer at all.B.Your product must be different from everybody elses if you want to receive a patent.C.The writer decided to send her invention to the patent office the moment she succeeded in catching the snakes.D.If an applicati
13、on for your product proves to be valid,you can get a patent immediately.答案：B.Complete the following passage with the words in brackets in their proper forms or the words from the text.When I called up my mother,she told me snakes came near the house now and then and the snakes seemed 1._(make)home t
14、here.Here was a chance for me 2._(distinguish)myself by inventing something 3._(mercy)that would catch snakes.I tried to find some products that might help me,but there only seemed to be powders 4._(design)to kill snakes.I set about 5._(research)the habits of snakes.6._(prepare)with some research fi
15、ndings,I decided on three possible 7._(approach).to have madeto distinguishmercifuldesignedresearchingPreparedapproachesLater I chose the last one to cool the snakes so that they would become sleepy and could be easily caught.My third attempt was successful,I carried in my hand a small net in the 8.
16、_(expect)that the snakes would bite again.But 9._(monitor)carefully,the snakes proved to be no trouble.I collected the passive snakes and the next day we 10._(merry)released them all back into the wild.expectationmonitoredmerrily Point distinguish vi.&vt.显示的差别；使有所不同；辨别课堂深度拓展考点一 单词点击distinguish onese
17、lf(as)(作为)表现突出；使自己与众不同；使自己成名distinguish betweenand区分/辨别和distinguishfrom使有别于；使具有区别于的特征distinguish oneself by某人因而突出Here was a chance for me to distinguish myself by inventing something merciful that would catch snakes but not harm them.(教材P20)这次我有机会来表现一下自己了，我要发明某种仁慈的东西，既可以把蛇捉住，而又不会伤害它们。At what age are
18、 children able to distinguish between right and wrong?儿童到什么年龄才能明辨是非?People who can not distinguish between colors are said to be colorblind.不能辨别颜色的人称为色盲。The man distinguishes himself by his wisdom.这个人因他的才智而扬名。distinguished adj.卓越的；著名的；高贵的 be distinguished for因而出名The Chinese Nation is distinguished f
19、or its diligence andcourage.中华民族以勤劳勇敢著称。单句语法填空。(1)The book mainly deals with the trouble teens might have_(distinguish)right from wrong.解析：句意：这本书主要涉及青少年可能有的明辨是非的困扰。此复合句中，trouble 作主句的宾语和定语从句的先行词，定语从句省略了that。have trouble(in)doing sth.做某事有困难。(2)Yao Ming was a great basketball player,but hes distinguish
20、ed_ an even better person.解析：句意：姚明是一个伟大的篮球运动员，但他更作为一个好人而闻名。（in）distinguishingfor Point convenient adj.便利的；方便的；就近的They abruptly disappeared into a convenient hole in thewall.(教材P20)它们突然一下子就消失在附近的墙洞里去了。(1)be convenient for对是方便的it is convenient for sb.to do sth.某人做某事方便(2)convenience n.方便，便利；便利设施for con
21、venience 为了方便(起见)for ones convenience (=for the convenience of sb.)为了某人的方便 at sb.s convenience(某人认为)方便/合适时Will it be convenient for you to start work tomorrow?你明天开始工作方便吗？Our school is convenient for/to the station.我们学校离车站很近。If it is convenient for/to you,well come tomorrow.如果你方便的话，我们就明天来吧。It is very
22、 convenient to pay by credit card.用信用卡付款非常方便。单句语法填空。(1)Lets go to see the film Lost and Love when it is_（convenience）for you.单句改错。(2)Would it be convenient to you to leave tomorrow?convenientfor Point caution n.谨慎；小心；警告vt.警告；告诫；提醒This time with great caution I bent down to examine thesnakes and I fo
23、und them very sleepy.(教材P20)这一次我小心翼翼地蹲下去检查的时候，发现蛇正在犯困。Another part of the body that needed special caution wasthe eyes.另一个要特别小心的身体部位就是眼睛了。with caution 小心地，谨慎地caution sb.(not)to do sth./against(doing)sth.警告某人(不要)做某事The nurse was told that the patient needed to be treated withcaution/cautiously.护士被告知这
24、个病人需要谨慎地对待。Sam cautioned him against making/not to make a hastydecision.萨姆告诫他不要草率做出决定。(1)cautious adj.小心的，谨慎的 be cautious about/with对很小心 be cautious to do sth.小心做某事(2)cautiously adv.谨慎地 单句语法填空。(1)We are advised to be _(caution)about making friends on the Internet.解析：be cautious about对谨慎。(2)We must b
25、e cautious _(handle)the problem.解析：be cautious to do sth小心做某事。cautiousto handle Point expectation n.预料；期待；期望beyond expectation 出乎意料；超出预期in(the)expectation of 预料，期望，指望come/live up to ones expectations 达到某人预期This was in the expectation that the snakes would biteagain.(教材P21)我预料蛇会再咬人。We knew that Mary
26、would do well,but she has succeeded beyond expectation.我们知道玛丽会做得不错，但没想到她竟取得了出乎意料的成功。We waited at the station in expectation of her arrival.我们在车站等着，期待她的到来。I usually enjoy his films,but the latest one didnt live up to my expectations.我向来喜欢看他的电影，但最近的一部并不像我期望的那样好。expect(sb.)to do sth.期望(某人)做某事expect sth
27、.to be done 期望某事被做expect+thatclause/It is expected+thatclause 期望expect sth.of/from sb.要求/指望某人 单句语法填空。(1)But one students remark impressed me most:it is _ expectation,but it is within understanding.解析：句意：但有一个同学的一句话让我印象非常深刻：意料之外，却又在情理之中。beyond expectation出乎意料。(2)Our expectation is _ we should be there
28、.In fact,we should have gotten there a long time ago.解析：句意：然而我们的期待是我们应该到达那里。实际上，我们应该早就到达那里。that引导表语从句，说明主语的内容。beyondthat(3)When I first left my hometown,I promised my father that in four years I would live up_ their expectationsthat I would never let them down.解析：live up to ones expectations不辜负某人的期望
29、。to考点二 短语诠释 Point call up给打电话；(使)回忆起；征召入伍；叫醒When I called up my mother in the countryside on thetelephone she was very upset.(教材P20)当我给乡下的妈妈打电话时，她感到很心烦。Music can call up peoples feelings and experiences.音乐可以唤起人们的某些情感和经历。I was called up three months after the war broke out.战争爆发三个月后，我被征召入伍。The doctor
30、was called up twice during the night to attendurgent cases.夜里医生两次被叫醒去看急诊病人。call back召唤某人回来，再访；回电话 call for 需要，要求，接(人或物)call in 邀请；请来；收回 call on 拜访(某人)；号召 call at 拜访(某地)call out 大声地喊；叫出来 call off 取消He is ill;you should call in the doctor right away.他病了，你应该立即请大夫来。He decided to call off his regular pre
31、ss conference.他决定取消他的定期记者招待会。单句语法填空。(1)The smell of the sea called _ memories of her childhood.解析：call up使回忆(2)The game was called _ because of bad weather.解析：call off取消(3)Call _ the numbers so that we can hear them at the back.解析：call out大声地喊(叫)upoffout(4)Why dont you call_my sister when youre inBr
32、ighton?解析：call on拜访（某人）(5)Ill call _ you at 8 oclock and well go there together.解析：call for sb.接(人)(6)Cars with serious faults have been called _ by themanufacturers.解析：call in收回；召回onforin Point now and then 偶尔；有时Snakes come near the house now and then.(教材P20)蛇时不时地爬到屋子附近。I still climb the Fuji Mount
33、ain every now and then.我现在还偶尔爬爬富士山。I have been known to make a careless error every now andthen.大家都知道我总是时不时犯些粗心的错误。表示“有时，不时，偶尔”的短语还有：from time to timeonce in a whilesometimes occasionallyat timesShe goes to take care of her grandmother from time to time.她隔三差五地去照顾她的奶奶。I watched things change and made
34、 observations every oncein a while.我观察着事物的变化，时不时地提出我的意见。I like romances,but occasionally I watch action movies,too.我喜欢爱情片，但偶尔也看看动作片。单句改错。(1)This section of the road is very narrow that there are bound to be traffic jams now and then.(2)Playing computer games every now or then is an interesting enter
35、tainment,but an addiction to them would surely detach people from their time commitment to normal work and study.解析：句意：偶尔玩一下电子游戏是一种非常好的娱乐方式，但是一旦上瘾就会影响人们正常的学习和工作的时间投入。soand Point set about sth./doing sth.=set out to do sth.开始；着手I set about researching the habits of snakes to find theeasiest way to tr
36、ap them.(教材P20)于是我就着手研究蛇的习性，以便能找到最容易的方法捉住它们。People set about setting up their new homes with the help ofthe government.=People set out to set up their new homes with the help of thegovernment.在政府的帮助下，人们开始创建他们的新家园。set out 出发,启程;开始 set off 出发,动身；引爆，引发 set aside 留出；对不予以考虑 set down 记下,写下 set up建立，开办；开业；
37、竖立We set about our task at once with great enthusiasm.我们以极大的热情立即着手这项任务。That evening he set about writing a report on pollution.那天晚上,他着手写一篇关于污染的报告。Hearing the news,the police immediately set off/out for thespot.听到这个消息，警察立刻动身赶往现场。I have set down everything that has happened.我已经把所发生的一切都记录了下来。用由set构成的短语
38、的适当形式填空。(1)We _ discussing when and how we should finish the task.(2)The sooner we _set about it,the sooner well finish it.(3)As a traditional way to celebrate the new year,_ firecrackers is welcomed by most Chinese people.(4)He is used to_ his important thoughts in his diary.set aboutset aboutsetti
39、ng offsetting down考点三 句型归纳 Point 状语从句的省略：连词+v.|ed/v.|ing Between the outside and the inside walls of the bowl there is some jelly,which freezes when cooled.（教材P20）在碗内外侧有一些果冻，冷却时它们冻得很结实。点拨：这里的when cooled 相当于when it（the jelly）iscooled。过去分词（也包括现在分词）作状语时常常可以和从属连词同时使用。当when/while/if/unless引导的状语从句中的主语与主句的
40、主语相同,或从句主语是it,谓语中包含be时，可将从句中的主语与be省去，用“when/while/if/unless+doing/done/adj./prep.”结构表示从句内容。When offered help,you should say“thank you”or“it s verykind of you”.=When you are offered help,you should say“thank you”or“itsvery kind of you”.当你被提供了帮助时，你应该说“谢谢你”或“你真是太好了”。You must be careful when crossing th
41、e street.=You must be careful when you are crossing the street.你过街时要小心。Seen from the hill,the city is beautiful.=IfWhen the city is seen from the hill,the city is beautiful.如果（当）从山上看这座城市，它很美。Seeing from the hill,you can see that the whole city isbeautiful.=IfWhen you see from the hill,you can see th
42、at the whole cityis beautiful.如果（当）你从山上看这座城市，你会发现整座城市很美。单句改错。(1)Teachers and actors,if comparing with each other carefully,share many similarities.(2)Such knowledge is still useful when/is applied to similar situations in other paredit Point there be句型The first thing I did was to see if there were a
43、ny productsthat might help me,but there only seemed to be powders designedto kill snakes.(教材P20)我所做的第一件事就是看看有没有现成的产品能帮助我，但是，看来只有一种毒杀蛇的药粉。点拨：本句为but连接的两个并列分句，句中there seemed tobe是there be句型的变体，表示“似乎有”。there be句型有多种变体，主要有：(1)There+seem/happen/appear to be+主语+其他(2)There+stand/lie/live/exist/remain/+主语+其他
44、(3)There+情态动词+be+主语+其他(4)There+used to be+主语+其他(5)There being+句子(独立主格结构)There seemed to be something wrong with my pen.我的钢笔好像有毛病。There happened to be a policeman there when we were introuble.当我们身处困境时，碰巧那儿有个警察。There stands a big tree in front of our building.在我们的大楼前面矗立着一棵大树。There used to be a bridge
45、across the river.过去有一座桥横跨这条河。There being no milk,he went to the supermarket to buy some.由于没有牛奶了，所以他去超市买了一些。单句改错。(1)It seemed to be something strange at the coming meeting.解析：There seemed to be似乎有(2)Here lived an old man at the foot of the mountain.解析：There lived(某人)住在ThereTherePoint “Only+状语”引起的部分倒装
46、结构Only after you have had that recognition can you say thatyou are truly an inventor.（教材P21）只有获得了认证，你才可以说是一个真正的发明者。点拨：句中Only修饰after引导的时间状语从句，can you say运用了部分倒装形式。以 only开头的句子，如果only修饰的是句子的状语或状语从句，主句要部分倒装，但only修饰主语时，句子不倒装。Only by producing vehicle which is powered with solarenergy can we solve the pro
47、blem of fuel shortage.只有通过生产用太阳能驱动的交通工具我们才能解决能源短缺问题。Only when competition combines with cooperation can it helpin obtaining our goals and satisfying our needs.只有把竞争和合作相联合，才能有助于我们达到目标并满足自身需求。Only in this way can you make improvement in the operatingsystem.只有用这种方法你才能改进操作系统。Only then did I know the imp
48、ortance of learning.直到那时我才知道了学习的重要性。Only a few of the children havent yet got a chance of beingeducated.只有少数儿童未得到受教育的机会。单句改错。(1)We received the invitation.Only later had we suspect it mightbe a trap.(2)Only after the other train pulled out of the station we seethat it,and not our train,was moving.di
49、dcould/didPoint “Nor（never,seldom,hardly）+did/do/does+主语”引起的部分倒装结构Nor will you receive a patent until a research has been madeto find out that your product really is different from everyoneelses.（教材P21）直到做了调查后发现你的产品确实与众不同，这时你才会获得专利。点拨：句中Nor will you receive是nor引起的一个部分倒装结构。以否定词nor,not,never,hardly,se
50、ldom,neither,not only等开头的句子，主句要部分倒装。倒装时要注意根据句子的时态选择正确形式的助动词、情态动词和系动词。Never have I read such a book.我从未读过这样的书。Little do we know about his life.我们对他的生活了解得很少。By no means should you tell him about it.你绝不要告诉他这事。单句改错。(1)They have a good knowledge of English but little theyknow German.(2)Though she didnt have much,neither had we,yet she didsomething for my brother,Tommie and me.dodid课末随堂演练课后限时作业制作者：状元桥适用对象：高三学生制作软件：Powerpoint2003、Photoshop cs3运行环境：WindowsXP以上操作系统
