1、专题限时训练(四十二)说明文型阅读填空(二)(限时：25分钟)(一)ApathyApathy is a state of lacking interest, enthusiasm or concern. 1._They may also exhibit unfeelingness. Christians have condemned apathy as a lack of love and devotion to God and His works.2_ Also meaning “absence of passion” in Greek, the term “apatheia” was us
2、ed by the Stoics(禁欲主义者)to show a desirable state of indifference towards events and things which lie outside ones control.The modern concept of apathy became well known after World War I，when it was called “shell shock”. Soldiers, living in the trenches among the bombing and gun fires, saw the battl
3、efields filled with dead and wounded companions. 3._ In 1950，US novelist Passos wrote，“Apathy is one of the characteristic responses of any living being when it is subjected to something too tense or too complicated to deal with.” US philosopher Robert M. Hutchins summarizes the concerns about polit
4、ical indifference. He claims that the death of democracy is not likely to be a sudden murder from ambush (埋伏).4._ There may be other things contributing to a persons apathy. Activist Dave Meslin argues that apathy is often the result of social systems actively blocking engagement and involvement. He
5、 describes various barriers that prevent people from knowing how or why they might get involved in something. 5._ These include：political media that make it difficult for potentially interested people to find relevant information，and media descriptions of heroes as “chosen” by outside forces rather
6、than selfmotivated. He suggests that we redefine social apathy as a result of poorly designed systems that fail to invite others to participate in.AIt will be a slow process of fading away from apathy and indifference.BApathetic people may lack a sense of purpose or meaning in their life.CHe focuses
7、 on designed choices that deliberately or indeliberately exclude people.DThe word “dispassion” is used for “apatheia”，so as not to confuse it with apathy.ESo they gradually developed a sense of disconnected numbness to normal social interaction.FAlthough the word “apathy” originates from “apatheia”，
8、it is important not to confuse the two terms.GAuthor John McManamy argues apathy is a psychological problem for some depressed people，in which they get a sense that “nothing matters”(二)Does a dog help a teen with low selfesteem?A dog is known as mans best friend for good reasons. Loyal and affection
9、ate, a dog companion can enrich its owners life in many ways. 1._ Many teenagers suffer from periods of low selfesteem as they try to navigate the wavy waters of adolescence and deal with all of their associated highs and lows.A teenager who lacks selfesteem may feel isolated from his peers and unab
10、le to tell his parents about personal issues. The company of a dog can be a huge comfort and ease feelings of loneliness and awkwardness. A dog offers genuine unconditional love. 2._All dogs need exercise, so taking his dog for a walk is the perfect opportunity for a teenager to get outdoors and ben
11、efit from fresh air and physical activity. Exercise allows people to take control of their bodies, which is often the first step towards regaining control of other aspects of their life, says mental health specialist Dr Alan Cohen. 3._ Exercise releases chemicals called endorphins(内啡肽)into the brain
12、, which create positive responses in the body, including improved selfesteem.Dogs can help teenagers be more sociable and make new friends, suggests Helpguide. 4._ A dog is a great icebreaker, avoiding awkward social situations and putting the teenager at ease with people he meets. The more confiden
13、t the teen becomes when out and about with his dog, the more his selfesteem will improve.5_ If a teenager is suffering from depression or developing dangerous habits such as alcohol and drug abuse, more extreme action may be required. In these cases, professional help should be sought and all treatm
14、ent plans considered. Parents who suspect that their teens low selfesteem is a sign of a far more serious problem should ask a suitably qualified health professional for advice.A. In some cases, having a dog will not help with a teenagers low selfesteem.BIt simply accepts its owner for who he is and
15、 doesnt judge, question or criticize.CPets offer an unconditional love that can be very helpful to people with depression.DYou dont have to worry about hurting your pets feelings or getting advice you dont want.EIn particular, someone with low selfesteem may find a pet dog to be extremely beneficial
16、.FA teen may meet his peers while walking his dog in the park or taking part in a dog training class.GMany forms of exercise besides walking can be enjoyed with a dog, such as cycling, jogging and throwing a ball.(三)It is impossible to live completely free of stress.1._ The US Department of Health a
17、nd Human Services offers the following suggestions for ways to deal with stress.Try physical activityWhen you are nervous, angry or upset, try releasing the pressure through exercise or physical activity. Running, walking, playing tennis, or working in your garden are just some of the activities you
18、 might try. Physical exercise will relieve your anxiety and worry and help you to relax. 2._Share your stressIt helps to talk to someone about your anxieties and worries. Perhaps a friend, family member, teacher or even your leader can give you a better view of whats troubling you. 3._Knowing when t
19、o ask for help is an important step in avoiding serious problems later.Take care of yourselfYou should make every effort to eat well and get enough rest. If you easily get angry and cannot sleep well enough, or if youre not eating properly, it will be more likely that you will fall into stressful si
20、tuations. If stress repeatedly keeps you from sleeping, you should consult a doctor. Make time for yourself.Make a list of the things you need to doStress can result from disorganization and a feeling that theres so much to do, and not enough time.4._ And as a result, you may not achieve anything. I
21、nstead, make a list of everything you have to do, then do one thing at a time, checking off each task as it is completed. Set out to do the most important tasks first.Go ahead and cryA good cry can be a healthy way to bring relief to your anxiety.5._A. It might even help you avoid a headache or othe
22、r physical effects of anxiety and stress.BTrying to take care of everything at once can be too much for you.CYour body and your mind will work together to ease the stress in your life.DYour mind can work better to free you of anxiety.EHowever, it is possible to prevent stress as well as reduce its e
23、ffects when it cant be avoided.FIf you feel your problem is serious, you might seek professional help from a psychologist or a doctor.GPhysical activity doesnt play an important part in reducing nervousness.(四)The word “diary” comes from the Latin word “diarium”， which means “daily allowance”.1._ An
24、d it is used for business notes, planning activities, keeping track of scheduled appointments, or documenting what has already happened.Some doctors suggest that writing in a diary is a good form of selfstudy.In America, from the 1940s through the 1980s, a diary was thought of mostly as a way to pri
25、vately express ones deepest thoughts while keeping notations about the day. 2._ Many times, movies would show a teenage girl beginning to write in her diary while she said aloud, “Dear diary”3_ A diary kept by a young German Jewish girl by the name of Anne Frank provides us with invaluable lessons a
26、bout history, for she documented her experiences while she hid from the Nazis during their occupation of the Netherlands in World War .Her diary became one of the worlds most widely read books and is the basis for many films.Samuel Pepys, who lived during the 17th century, is the earliest diary keep
27、er that is famous today.His diary is also an important documentation of history, for it gives personal insight (洞察力) into Londons Great Plague and the Great Fire.His diary is being published on the Internet, and its interesting to note that there has been a new entry every day since January of 2003.
28、It will continue over the course of several years to come.4._Todays electronic version of the diary, the “blog” has once again stretched the diary to be much more than a personal account of the days events.There are blogs to document recipes, travelling, movies, independent news, product announcemen
29、ts, photos, and anything else that needs to be recorded over time.Search engines like T have been created to keep track of the more than 112 million blogs that are currently public.5._AIt refers to a book for writings by date.BIn its newest form, the diary has become more popular than ever.CReading
30、his diary is fascinating, and it makes his life all the more real to us.DPeople love to write diaries, so whenever they are free, they will write a few lines.EThose private reflections may have historical significance long after the authors death.FNowadays, the blog has taken the place of the diary
31、and becomes more and more popular.GIn those times, and even continuing on today, writing in a diary was like writing to a special friend.专题限时训练(四十二)(一)【要点综述】本文是一篇说明文，主要解释了apathy这个词的概念及其形成的原因。1B前一句介绍apathy的概念，结合后一句“They may also exhibit unfeelingness.”可知，中间句应谈论“冷漠的人”。故B正确。2F根据“Also meaning absence of
32、 passion in Greek，the term apatheia”可知，本段在讨论这两个名词概念的区别。故F正确。3E根据前一句“Soldiers，living in the trenches among the bombing and gun fires，saw the battlefields filled with dead and wounded companions.”可知，士兵对战争中的死亡和受伤司空见惯，自然变得麻木。故E项正确。4A代词it指代前面的内容，通过空格前面“the death of democracy”可知A项正确。5C根据“He describes vari
33、ous barriers”可知，应选择一个主语一致的句子，故C项正确。(二)【要点综述】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了狗可以帮助自尊心弱的青少年。1E考查逻辑推理。该空是对上一句的补充说明，故选E。2B考查逻辑推理。根据该空前一句“一只狗提供了真正无条件的爱。”可以推测该空进一步阐述无条件的爱的表现。3G考查逻辑推理。该空前后讲的是exercise，运动的好处，选项内容中与运动有关的只有G选项。4F考查逻辑推理。根据该空前一句“Dogs can help teenagers be more sociable and make new friends，suggests Helpguide.”可推测
34、接下来内容同样与认识新同伴或者改善交际有关。5A考查逻辑推理。该空格后面的内容讲的是青少年患有抑郁症或者有不良的习惯等，由此可以推断此段和前面几段所讲的情况不一样，故选A。(三)【要点综述】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了减压的几种方式。1E尽管完全没有压力是不可能的，但是预防和减少压力是可能的。故选E项。2C本段讲述通过锻炼来减少压力，这样使得大脑和身体一起工作来减轻压力。故选C项。3F本段讲述可以通过和别人分享你的经历来减轻压力，严重的话，可以寻求专业帮助。故选F项。4B根据后面的“as a result，you may not achieve anything.”可知，如果同时处理很多事情，这对
35、你来说是无法承受的。故选B项。5A根据“Go ahead and cry”可知，哭可能是缓减压力的一种健康的方式，它可能帮助你避免头痛或者其他的生理影响。故选A项。(四)【要点综述】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了日记的起源、用途及其演变过程。1A考查逻辑推理。从上句我们可以看出这里是解释diary一词的来源，那么下一句应该是给diary下的定义，因此A项符合题意。2G考查逻辑推理。from the 1940s through the 1980s是对“In those times”的衔接，再根据下文while she said aloud，“Dear diary”可以推断出答案为G。 3.E考查逻辑推理。从该段内容可知应选E。4C考查逻辑推理。本段主要讲述Samuel Pepys生活在十七世纪，因此可以推断阅读他的日记可以帮助我们更好地了解他的生活，所以答案选C项。5B考查逻辑推理。博客是日记的一种新形式，因此B项符合语境。
