1、河南荥阳市2016高考英语（二轮）阅读理解高效演练（1）及答案【2015高考复习】阅读理解The European union announced plans on Tuesday to temporarily ban the use of animals cloning for food eroduction.while allowing imports of food derived from the offspring(后代)of clones from the United States and elsewhere.The report from the European Commis
2、sion followed a call by EU lawmakers in July for a total ban on food derived from cloned animals and their traditionally bred offspring，citing ethical concerns over the industrial production of cloned meat.The Commission said a temporary fiveyear EU ban on cloning for food production was justified o
3、n animal welfare grounds，but said banning imports of food from the offspring of clones was unnecessary and would disrupt global trade.“Food from cloned animals is safe.In fact，the scientific opinion is that it cannot be differentiated in any way from food from normally bred animals.The issue is anim
4、al welfare”，EU Health and Consumer Commissioner John Dalli told reporters.Food derived from the offspring of clones presents no such animal welfare issues，and banning its sale and import would be impossible because the origin is untraceable，Dalli said.“Such a prohibition would lead to a ban of impor
5、ts of any food of animal origin (meat，milk and processed products) from third countries allowing the cloning technique，”the report said. “Were not going to regulate for the world，”Dalli added.But animal welfare groups criticized the Commissions decision，saying it had bowed to pressure from third cou
6、ntries.“We do not accept the Commissions position that it would be impossible to enforce a ban that includes the offspring of cloned animals，as (other) meat traceability systems are already in place，”said Sonja Van Tichelen，director of the Eurogroup for Animals.【语篇解读】欧盟委员会近日宣布，欧盟在今后5年暂停将克隆动物用于食品生产，但
7、是克隆动物通过传统方式繁殖的后代用于食品生产和销售不在禁止之列。这一决议受到动物保护者们的谴责。20From the passage we can infer that the ban is_.AjustifiedBwelcomeCcontroversial Dmeaningless答案 C 推理判断题。文章首先介绍了该禁令的内容及产生的背景，最后两段又介绍了动物保护者们对该禁令的异议，由此可以推断，人们对这一禁令是有争议的(controversial)。justified“合乎情理的”；welcome“受欢迎的”；meaningless“没有意义的”。21Which of the follo
8、wing is TRUE according to the passage?AThe ban is permanent.BThe imports of food from the offspring of clones are not banned.CAnimal welfare groups support the ban.DThe ban has been put into effect.答案 B 细节理解题。由第一段可知这一禁令是暂时的，且不禁止进口克隆动物的后代制成的食品，该决议目前仍在计划中，因此B项正确，A、D项错误。由倒数第二段可知动物保护者并不支持该禁令，故C项错误。22Whi
9、ch of the following is the reason for Commissions decision on the ban according to animal welfare groups?AThe origin of food derived from the offspring of clones is untraceable.BFood from cloned animals is safe.CThe issue is for animal welfare.DThe pressure comes from third countries.答案 D 推理判断题。由倒数第
10、二段可知动物保护者们认为欧盟委员会是迫于第三世界国家的压力才决定实施这一禁令的，故选D。23What might be the most suitable title for the passage?AThe plans of the European Union.BA temporary fiveyear EU ban.CThe EU proposes a ban on animal cloning for food.DThe danger of food derived from cloned animals.答案 C 标题概括题。本文主要介绍了欧盟宣布将就克隆食品提出一项立法建议，故C项
11、最能概括全文。24The text is most probably a_.Anews report Bbook reviewCnewspaper ad Dsciencefiction story答案 A 文章出处题。通读全文可以看出，本文主要介绍了欧盟的一个决议，以及人们对此的不同看法，故最可能是一篇新闻报道，由此可以看出A项正确。高考英语冲刺阅读理解专项 American researchers say drinking tea may help strengthen the bodys defense system against infection（感染）. Doctors at Br
12、igham and Womens Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts, did the study. The team studied a chemical found in black, green, oolong and pekoe tea. This chemical is an amino acid（氨基酸）called L-theanine. The scientists say it may increase the strength of gamma delta T cells. Thats the letter T, not the drink.
13、 Gamma delta T cells are part of the bodys defenses.First, the researchers mixed some of these cells with antigens（抗原）found in the amino acid. Antigens help the body react to infection. Then the scientists added some bacteria（细菌）. Within twenty-four hours, the cells produced a lot of interferon, a s
14、ubstance that fights infection. Cells not mixed with the antigens did not produce interferon.In the second part of the study, eleven people drank five to six cups of black tea every day. Ten other people drank the same amount of instant coffee. That is dried coffee mixed with hot water.Two weeks lat
15、er, and again two weeks after that, the researchers tested the blood of all twenty-one people. They also looked at what happened when they added bacteria to the blood cells. They found that the tea drinkers produced five times more interferon after they started drinking tea. The coffee drinkers did
16、not produce interferon.Doctor Jack Bukowski led the study. He says the antigens added to the gamma delta T cells were responsible for the increased reaction to the bacteria. He says the study also showed that the cells were able to remember the bacteria and fight them again the next time.Earlier res
17、earch already has found that tea can help prevent heart disease and cancer. Doctor Bukowski says the new study must be repeated with more people. If the findings prove to be true, he says, then tea drinking might also help protect against bacterial infections. He says the amino acid L-theanine could
18、 be removed from tea and used as a drug to strengthen the bodys defenses.1. We may know from the text that _ can be found in different kinds of tea.A. Gamma delta T cellsB. L-theanineC. interferonD. bacteria 答案解析：答案为B。本题为推理题。由第一段 “The team studied a chemical found in black, green, oolong and pekoe t
19、ea. This chemical is an amino acid called L-theanine.” 可知，在black, green, oolong and pekoe tea里面发现了叫做L-theanine的化学成分。故答案为B。2. Tea may help strengthen the bodys defense system because it helps _.A. the body to produce more interferon B. the body to produce more gamma delta T cellsC. to add some bacter
20、ia to the blood cells D. to mix antigens with some of the cells in the body答案解析：答案为A。本题为推理题。由第二段 “Within twenty-four hours, the cells produced a lot of interferon, a substance that fights infection.” 可知，细胞产生interferon，它可以抵抗感染，故可推断，茶能增强身体的抵抗能力因为它能帮助身体产生更多的interferon。故答案为A。3. According to Dr Bukowski,
21、 _.A. the findings of the study have already proved to be trueB. he has taken some amino acid L-theanine from tea and made a drug with itC. further study is needed to prove the findings trueD. he is not sure whether tea can help prevent heart disease and cancer 答案解析：答案为C。本题为推理题。由最后一段首句 “Earlier rese
22、arch already has found that tea can help prevent heart disease and cancer.” 可知，D选项错误。由该段的后文 “Doctor Bukowski says the new study must be repeated with more people. If the findings prove to be true”可知，A选项错误，C选项正确。由最后一句 “He says the amino acid L-theanine could be removed from tea and used as a drug to
23、strengthen the bodys defenses.” 可知，Dr Bukowski认为可以从茶中提取amino acid L-theanine来制药，B选项与文意不符，故错误。4. What would be the best title for this Text?A. Tea Is Better Than Coffee.B. Tea May Help Fight InfectionC. Tea Can Help Prevent Cancer.D. Our Body Needs Tea 答案解析：答案为B。全文都是围绕第一段首句 “American researchers say
24、drinking tea may help strengthen the bodys defense system against infection.” 展开，故标题为B选项。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A.B.C和D项中，选出最佳选项。 Development of a widely accepted chronology for the arrival of humans has been equally difficult, and it was only with the development of optically stimulated luminescence dating t
25、hat a human presence in Australia was confirmed at 53,000 to 60,000 years ago. Older dates for a human presence in Australia have now been shown to be erroneous . The importance of Australia as a separate natural laboratory in which to test extinction theories lies in the fact that humans arrived th
26、ere much earlier than they arrived in the other continental areas (the Americas and northern Eurasia) that experienced substantial megafaunal extinction. What Miller et al. have shown is that the extinction of Genyornis occurred simultaneously across southeastern Australia (indeed probably right acr
27、oss the continent) about 50,000 years ago. This is very close to the presently accepted time of arrival of humans in Australia. It was also a period of modest climate change, well before the dramatic climatic fluctuations of the terminal Pleistocene. The data of Miller et al., therefore, support tho
28、se who see human hunting rather than climate as causing the extinction of the megafauna. Genyornis was a ponderous bird, around 80 to 100 kg in weight, about twice as heavy as the living emu and cassowary. It was an inhabitant of Australias inland plains and some coastal regions, but its legs were r
29、elatively short and thick, suggestion that it was a slower runner than the emu. Proponents of humancaused extinction suggest that it is just such characteristics that made the megafauna vulnerable to human hunting. A new school of thought has recently established itself in the extinction debate. It
30、advocates the idea that a combination of human impact and climate change was responsible for the extinction of the worlds megafauna. The new Genyornis data also weaken that argument, for the following reason. Fifty thousand years ago, Australia was experiencing mild cooling; 11,000 to 12,000 years a
31、go, the Americas were experiencing rapid warming. These disparate climatic conditions, all coincident with megafaunal extinction, suggest that whatever was happening with climate, it was bad for the big animals. Under these conditions, the hybrid model becomes indistinguishable from the humancaused
32、extinction model for the influence of climate becomes extremely weak, and only the arrival of humans is important in predicting extinction. 66. The last word “megafauna” in Paragraph 2 most probably means A birds. B plants. C big animals. D small animals. 67. Genyornis was vulnerable to human huntin
33、g because it was A a delicacy. B very weak. C very small in size. D clumsy. 68. How many models have been put forward for the extinction of Genyoris? A One. B Two. C Three. D Four. 69. That Australia experienced mild cooling and the Americas rapid warming suggests that A the climatic conditions were
34、 unfit for Genyornis to live. B Genyornis were highly adaptable to different climatic conditions. C The two climatic conditions were both bad for Genyornis. D The climatic conditions had nothing to do with the extinction of Genyoris. 70. The selection is mainly about A the debate over the time of th
35、e human presence in Australia. B the relationship between the human presence and magafaunal extinction. C the relationship between human activities and climatic changes. D the debate over factors causing megafaunal extinction.Passage 466. 【正确答案】 C big animals. 【本题考点】 词语释义题。 【试题精解】 考生如果有一定的构词法知识一眼就可看
36、出该题的答案。 “mega”在英文中指 “big”；fauna指 “animals” ，显然C 为正确答案。考生如果没有这方面的知识，也可以利用上下文来判断。作者在提到megafauna后紧接着提到了Genyornis,在第三段开始对其进行了描述： “Genyornis was a ponderous bird, around 80 to 100kg in weight, about twice as heavy as the living emu and cassowary.” 足见其大。 【考点出处】 第二段末句，但对该词的推断却应联系上下文。67. 【正确答案】 D clumsy. 【本
37、题考点】 细节判断题。 【试题精解】 第三段中指出 “it is such characteristics that made the megafauna vulnerable to human hunting” “such characteristics” 指的是其 “heavy, short and thick”, 即 “clumsy”。 【考点出处】 根据第三段第二句可知它的腿短而粗，跑得慢，D 项clumsy“笨拙的”与句意一致。68. 【正确答案】 C Three. 【本题考点】 细节判断题。 【试题精解】 文中共提到了三种：（1）Human hunting;（2）Climate;（
38、3）Human impact and climate change。 【考点出处】 第二、三、四段中。69. 【正确答案】 D The climatic conditions had nothing to do with the extinction of Genyoris. 【本题考点】 推理暗示题。 【试题精解】 澳大利亚经历了 “mild cooling”, 美洲经历了 “rapid warming”, 而两个地方都出现了Genyornis的灭绝，说明气候对其灭绝并未产生什么影响。在文中最后一段作者也指出 “the influence of climate becomes extreme
39、ly weak, and only the arrival of humans is important in predicting extinction.” 【考点出处】 第二段和第四段。70. 【正确答案】 D the debate over factors causing megafaunal extinction. 【本题考点】 主旨大意题。 【试题精解】 本文重点介绍了造成“magafaunal extinction”的三种原因，所以D 为正确答案。 【考点出处】 考察对全文的理解能力，实际上从第三题的做答中我们就可得出解答该题的部分相关信息。核心词汇 1.chronologyn.年
40、代学 2.luminescencen.发光 3.erroneousa.错误的 同义 false, incorrect, inexact 4.megafaunan.巨型动物 5.fluctuationn.变化 同义 oscillation, rolling 6.ponderousa.笨重的 同义 heavy, weighty, massive, bulky 7.cassowaryn.食火鸡全文精译 澳洲古代巨鸟灭绝探因 要创建人类是何时到来的、且为人们所广为接受的年代表同样也是困难的。并且只有在光学模拟发光测定年代的方法发展起来后，人们才确定53，000年到60，000年前澳洲有了人类，现在已证
41、明更久远的年代是错误的。 之所以把澳洲称为试验种族灭绝理论的天然实验室，其重要性在于（lie in）：人类到达这儿的年代要远远先于到达经历过巨型动物灭亡的其他大陆（如欧洲和欧亚大陆北部）的年代。Miller等人向我们说明，“巨鸟”于50，000年前在澳洲南部同时灭绝，这和人们普遍接受的人类到达澳洲大陆的时间相当接近。这也是气候温和的时期，随后很久才发生了更新世晚期灭绝性的气候剧变。Miller的资料支撑了认为人类捕猎而非气候变化是巨兽灭绝的原因的观点。 “巨鸟”是远古时期一种巨型鸟类，重约80到100公斤，是鸸鹋和食火鸡的两倍重。它是澳洲内陆和沿海地区的动物，但它的腿相对短而粗，证明它不如鸸鹋
42、跑得快。坚持人类导致这种鸟灭绝的人说，它们的这种特性使它们很容易受到（be vulnerable to .）捕杀。 在这一“灭绝争论”中，新的学派又建立了。他们赞成人类及气候因素结合导致（be responsible for .）了世界范围巨型动物的灭绝的观点。新的巨鸟资料也削弱了这种争论，原因如下：50，000年前，澳洲气候逐渐变冷；11，000到12，000年前，美洲气温迅速上升。这些完全相异的气候条件正好与巨鸟灭绝时期相吻合（be coincident with）。这说明，无论气候怎样变化，巨型动物还是难逃厄运。在这种情况下（under these conditions），这种结合两种说法的观点就变得与人类导致其灭绝的观点难以区别了。因为在他们看来，气候影响是那么微弱，只有人类的到来才预示了巨型动物的灭绝。