1、Unit 21Human Biology.完形填空Almost everyone wants to get smarter.We struggle to improve our _1_，intelligence and attention.We drink cup after cup of coffee to help us _2_ the day._3_，a new study published in Current Directions in Psychological Science warns that there are _4_ to how smart humans can ge
2、t.Each of our body parts develops in a certain way for a reason._5_，we are not 3 meters tall _6_ most peoples hearts are not strong enough to send _7_ up that high.Scientists say that our thinking ability works in the same way.A babys brain size is limited by a series of _8_，such as the size of the
3、mothers pelvis(骨盆)If our brains developed to be bigger，there could be more _9_ during childbirth.The study of Jews，who have an average IQ much _10_ than other Europeans，showed they were more _11_ to develop diseases of the _12_ system.This might be because of their increased brainpower.If intelligen
4、ce cannot be improved，can we at least get better at _13_？Not really，say scientists.They studied _14_ like caffeine(咖啡因)that improve attention.They found the drugs only helped people with serious _15_ problems.For those who did not have trouble paying attention，the drugs could have the _16_ effect.Sc
5、ientists say that this suggests there is a(n) _17_ limit to how much people can or should concentrate.Our memory is also a“doubleedged sword”People with extremely good memories could _18_ having a difficult life because they cannot _19_ bad things that happen to them.Thomas Hills，one of the authors
6、of the paper，said that _20_ all the problems in trying to get smarter，its unlikely that there will ever be a“super mind”【语篇解读】 每个人都想使自己变得更聪明，你是否也在想方设法改善自己的记忆力和注意力呢？1A.ability Bcharacter Cmemory Demotion答案C几乎每个人都想变得更聪明。“我们”都想努力提高“我们”的记忆力、智力和注意力。2A.go through Bput throughCget through Dcarry through答案C
7、我们一杯接着一杯地喝咖啡来度日。3A.Though B Therefore CHowever DMeanwhile答案C文章第2段和第1段在意思上为转折关系，故选however。4A.standards Bmeasures Cranges Dlimits答案D然而，一项新研究警告说，人类的聪明程度是有限度的。5A.At first BIn addition CFor example DAbove all答案C“我们”的身体器官如何发育是有一定道理的，就像我们的身高不会达到3米一样。for example用于举例。6A.until Bbecause Cbefore Dso that答案B因为大多
8、数人的心脏不够强。7A.blood Binformation Cbreath Dstrength答案A不能够将血液输送到那个高度。8A.factors B reasons Caspects Deffects答案A婴儿大脑的大小受到一系列因素的限制，例如妈妈骨盆的大小。9A.chances Bdeaths Cchoices Dlives答案B如果“我们”的大脑发育得更大，在出生时就可能更容易死亡。10A.smarter Bbetter Clower Dhigher答案D犹太人的平均智商比其他欧洲人高出许多。11A.likely Bpossible Cprobable Dsure答案A对犹太人的研
9、究显示他们更有可能患神经系统疾病。12A.physical Bbodily Cpersonal Dnervous答案D见上题解析。13A.exercising BconcentratingCmemorizing Dthinking 答案B根据下一行的attention可推断此处指“集中(注意力)”。14A.poisons Bdrinks Cplants Ddrugs答案D后文多次提到drugs一词，由此可知他们研究的是像咖啡因这样的提高注意力的药物。15A.attention Bfamily Chealth Dliving答案A他们发现这些药物只能帮助那些注意力有严重问题的人。16A.same
10、 Bopposite Cdifferent Dsimilar答案B对于那些注意力没有问题的人来说，药物会起相反的作用。17A.lower Bsmaller Cupper Dhigher答案C科学家们说，这表明人们的注意力也是有上限的。18A.end up Bmake up Cstart up D come up答案A记忆力也是一把双刃剑。记忆力极好的人最终可能会过着很困扰的生活，因为他们忘不掉发生在他们身上的伤心事。19A.forget Bremember Cperform Dshare答案A见上题解析。20A.supposing BconcerningCconsidering Dregard
11、ing答案C考虑到以上所有问题，Thomas Hills说，拥有“超级大脑”是不太可能的。.阅读理解体裁题材词数难度建议用时议论文社会生活3066分钟Grownups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since.A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets
12、 back in the water.He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away.He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son.A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins“Twinkle，twinkle，little star”or remember the story of Cinderella or Go
13、ldilocks and the Three Bears.One explanation is the law of overlearning，which can be stated as follows：Once we have learned something，additional learning trials increase the length of time we will remember it.In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming，bicycle riding，and pla
14、ying baseball long after we have learned them.We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as“Twinkle，twinkle，little star”and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks.We not only learn but over learn.The multiplication tables(乘法口诀表)are an exception to the general rule that we
15、 forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school，because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.The law of overlearning explains why cramming(突击学习)for an examination，though it may result in a passing grade，is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course.By cramming，a s
16、tudent may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination，but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned.A little overlearning，on the other hand，is really necessary for ones future development.【语篇解读】 有些东西我们学过之后就永生难忘，而有些东西则恰恰相反。文章解释了原因，称这是过度学习和突击学习两种不同学习方法所导致的结果。1What is the
17、 main idea of Paragraph 1?APeople remember well what they learned in childhood.BChildren have a better memory than grownups.CPoem reading is a good way to learn words.DStories for children are easy to remember.答案A主旨大意题。根据文章的首句“Grownups are often surprised by how well they remember something they lea
18、rned as children but have never practiced ever since”可知选A项。2The author explains the law of overlearning by _Apresenting research findings Bsetting down general rules Cmaking a comparisonDusing examples答案D推断题。结合文章内容可以看出作者通过举例子的方法来证明自己的观点，故答案为D项。3According to the author，being able to use multiplicatio
19、n tables is _Aa result of overlearningBa special case of crammingCa skill to deal with math problemsDa basic step towards advanced studies答案A细节题。根据第4段最后一句话中的“.because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood”可知答案为A项。4What is the authors opinion on cramming?AIt leads to failure in col
20、lege exams.BIts helpful only in a limited way.CIts possible to result in poor memory.DIt increases students learning interest.答案B推断题。由最后一段中的“By cramming，a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination，but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned”可以看出作者认为突击学习的
21、作用极其有限，往往只是为了应付考试。.书面表达你校校门口在上学和放学时间经常出现交通拥堵的现象，这给全校师生和路人带来极大的不便。为了确保学校门口正常的交通秩序，你校英文报向学生征集解决交通拥堵的良策。假设你是高三学生李华，请你用英语就此事给校报编辑写一封信，信中应包括以下内容：1写信的目的；2分析学校门口拥堵的原因；3提出23点建议。注意：词数100左右(开头和结尾已经给出，但不计入总词数)。Dear Editor，I am Li Hua，a student from Grade 3.I am writing to discuss the traffic problem near our s
22、chool gate._I do hope there will be fewer traffic jams near our school gate.Yours，Li Hua【参考范文】Dear_Editor，I_am_Li_Hua，a_student_from_Grade_3.I_am_writing_to_discuss_the_traffic_problem_near_our_school_gate.With so many parents coming to pick up their children，traffic jams are frequent near the schoo
23、l gate，which has caused a lot of inconvenience to us.In order to avoid traffic jams，I strongly recommend some effective measures be taken.First，we should encourage students to ride a bicycle or walk to school instead of taking a car，which not only avoids traffic jams，but also builds up students health.It is also a good idea to allow junior students to leave school 10 minutes earlier than others，which will surely make the street less crowded.Besides，cars should not be allowed to park in front of the school gate.I_do_hope_there_will_be_fewer_traffic_jams_near_our_school_gate.Yours，Li_Hua
