1、Unit 2 English around the world课时作业.阅读理解(2018全国卷)Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by huntergatherers, small, tightly knit (联系) groups developed their own patterns of sp
2、eech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more
3、 settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nationstate and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant lang
4、uages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people while hot, wet zones have lots
5、, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the worlds lan
6、guages are spoken by fewer people than that.Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction (消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico (150). Lipan Apache in the United States (two or
7、three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a questionmark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了随着社会的发展人类语言越来越少的现象及其原因。1What can we infer about languages in huntergatherer times?AThey developed very fast.BThey were large in number.CThey had similar patterns. DThey w
8、ere closely connected.答案：B推理判断题。根据第一段第二、三句可知，当人类社会处在原始社会，人们以狩猎为生时，小而联系紧密的群落形成了他们彼此之间独立的语言模式。当世界上的人口数量在五百万到一千万时，语言种类达到了12,000种。由此推知，当时的语言种类很多。故选B。2Which of the following best explains “dominant” underlined in Paragraph 2?AComplex. BAdvanced.CPowerful. DModern.答案：C词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“dominant languages such
9、 as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over”可知，英语、西班牙语和汉语越来越占据统治地位。由此推知，dominant意为“占优势的；强大的”。故选C。3How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present?AAbout 6,800. BAbout 3,400.CAbout 2,400. DAbout 1,200.答案：B细节理解题。根据第三段中的“At present, the world has about 6,800 languag
10、es.”和“The median number (中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.”可知，目前世界上大约有6,800种语言，但是讲的人数少于6,000人的占一半，即3,400。故选B。4What is the main idea of the text?ANew languages will be created.BPeoples lifestyles are reflected in languag
11、es.CHuman development results in fewer languages.DGeography determines language evolution.答案：C主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句和第二段第二句可知，本文所讲的主要内容为：随着时代的发展，语言在逐渐消失和减少。故选C。(2020山东师大附中高三第一次模拟考试)You may be surprised to learn that English gets 30 to 45 percent of its words from French. The reason goes back to the year 106
12、6, when Norman forces invaded (入侵) what is now Britain. The Normans were from northern France and spoke French. During the Norman occupation, French became the language of Englands rulers and wealthy class. This lasted for more than 300 years. Other people in England continued to speak English durin
13、g this period.Over time, the two languages combined and shared words. Some researchers believe that about 10,000 French words eventually entered the English language. However, although English took many French words, their meanings have not always stayed the same. Sometimes the differences in meanin
14、gs can be very important, and lead to funny or strange situations if the words are used in the wrong way.Take, for example, the French word college. In English, college can often be used in place of the word university, or sometimes as a school within a university. However, in French, college actual
15、ly means “middle school”， or the level of schooling for students in grades five or six through eight.There are many other similar words in the two languages with completely different meanings. In English, the word chat is a verb which means “to talk casually”； but in French, the word chat is the wor
16、d for an animal: a cat.If an English speaker says someone is jolly, that means they are cheerful or friendly. But in French, jolie means someone is goodlooking or pleasant to look at. In any case, both are nice things to say to someone.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了英语中存在大量法语词汇的现象，并举例说明英语中的法语单词与其在法语中的不同含义。5What
17、 language did the upper class speak in Britain of Norman times?AEnglish.BFrench.CBoth English and French.DSome unknown language.答案：B细节理解题。根据第一段中的“During the Norman occupation, French became the language of Englands rulers and wealthy class.”可知，诺曼时代英国的上层阶级说法语。故选B。6What does college mean in French?ATh
18、e teenager time.BUniversity in French.CMiddle school in English.DUniversity in common sense.答案：C细节理解题。根据第三段中的“However, in French, college actually means middle school”可知，“college”在法语里的意思是“中学”。故选C。7What is the text mainly about?AComparison between two languages.BDifficulty in grasping English.CFrench
19、 words in English.DDevelopment of English.答案：C主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句“You may be surprised to learn that English gets 30 to 45 percent of its words from French.”和第二段第一句“Over time, the two languages combined and shared words. Some researchers believe that about 10,000 French words eventually entered the Engli
20、sh language.”可知，本文讲述的是“英语中的法语单词”。故选C。.七选五(2020广西柳州市高三上学期摸底考试)There are so many words in English that learning all of them can seem difficult. To make things even more challenging, certain sounds are pronounced differently. _1_Learn the vowel (元音) sounds. In English, there are five main vowel letters
21、: a, e, i, o, u. _2_ Each vowel letter has both a short sound (such as the a in “bat”) or a long sound (such as the a in “play”). Learn and practice these different vowel sounds to help teach you how to pronounce certain words and to improve your English pronunciation. _3_One of the most effective w
22、ays to learn a language is to listen to someone speaking it. Once you are familiar with how a language sounds, you will be able to start picking up on more sounds, words and phrases. Record yourself. _4_ To solve this problem and really see how you sound, try recording yourself. Use a smart phone or
23、 tape recorder to play back how you sound when you are speaking English. Get a spoken English tutor. To truly understand if you are saying and pronouncing things the right way, find someone who can practice with you and act as a spoken English tutor. _5_ABreak down words. BListen to an English speak
24、er. CSometimes the letter “y” can make a vowel sound, too. DHow do you know if you are saying things correctly?EHe or she will be able to correct you and teach you how to pronounce better. FThankfully, there are tips that you can learn to make things a little easier. GCompare your English comprehens
25、ion to someone else to see if you are doing it correctly. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。介绍了几个可以提高英语发音准确性的方法。1F根据设空处前一句“To make things even more challenging, certain sounds are pronounced differently.”(更具挑战性的是，某些语音的发音会有所不同。)以及下面给出的几条措施，可知F项“值得庆幸的是，有一些小窍门可以让事情变得简单一些。”承上启下，故选F。2C根据设空前一句“In English, there are five main
26、 vowel letters: a, e, i, o, u”(在英语中，有五个主要的元音字母：a，e，i，o，u)可知本段主要介绍元音字母发音，所以C项Sometimes the letter “y” can make a vowel sound, too.“有时字母Y也能发出元音。”承接上文，故选C。3B根据本段第一句可知，学习一门语言最有效的方法之一就是听别人说，并结合选项判断只有B项Listen to an English speaker.“听讲英语的人说话。”符合标题形式及文意，故选B。4D根据设空后一句“To solve this problem and really see how
27、 you sound, try recording yourself.”(要解决这个问题并真正了解你的声音，可以尝试给自己录音。)可知D项How do you know if you are saying things correctly？“你怎么知道你说得对不对？”符合一问一答形式，故选D。5E根据设空处前文可知，为了真正地了解你说的是否正确，找一个能和你一起练习的人做英语口语导师，下文就应讲述这样做的原因，故E项“他或她将能够纠正你并教你如何更好地发音。”承接上文，故选E。.语法填空At present, more and more people around the world are
28、learning Chinese. Last month, I _1_ (receive) an email from my cousin Jack in Canada. He said he was enthusiastic _2_ Chinese, and asked me to find him some books，_3_ (intend) for Chinese beginners. I was very pleased to do such a favor. So I went from one bookstore to another, _4_ (hope) to find so
29、mething _5_ (suit) for him. Finally, I selected a set of Chinese _6_ (textbook) among a variety of similar ones. Then I went to a post office _7_ (have) them sent by air without delay. Several days later, I got Jacks email saying that he _8_ (real) appreciated all the books _9_ were given to him. Im
30、 very glad to know the fact that Jack is starting to learn Chinese just like many other foreigners abroad, although I know it may be _10_ enjoyable challenge for him.1_2._3._4._5._6._7._8._9._10._篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过介绍“我”的表弟想学中文，让“我”买相关书籍说明世界各地越来越多的人在学习汉语。1received考查动词的时态。根据本句时间状语“Last month”可知，用一般过去时
31、。2about/over考查介词。be enthusiastic about/over意为“对有热情”。3intended考查非谓语动词。be intended for sb./sth.表示“为某人/某物而提供(设计)的”，此处用过去分词形式作后置定语。4hoping考查非谓语动词。I与hope之间是主动关系，所以用动词ing形式。5suitable考查词性转换。修饰不定代词something，用形容词形式。6textbooks考查名词。上面提到“a set of”，所以是“一套中文教材”，需用名词的复数形式。7to have考查非谓语动词。此处为动词不定式短语作目的状语。8really考查副
32、词。修饰动词短语“appreciated all the books”，应该用副词形式。9that考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导定语从句，从句中缺少主语，同时先行词有不定代词all来修饰，故用that而不用which。10an考查冠词。置于enjoyable前面修饰名词challenge，所以用不定冠词an。.书面表达(2020河南省高三阶段性考试(三)假定你是李华，你校将举办英语幽默故事演讲比赛，你想邀请英国交换生Russell参加。请你给他写一封邮件，内容包括：1.举办时间、地点；2.活动目的；3.演讲要求。注意：1.词数100左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Dear Russe
33、ll， Yours，Li Hua精彩范文Dear_Russell，Im glad to inform you that our school will hold an English humorous story speech contest in the center hall this Sunday in order to develop our sense of humor and practice our spoken English. Id like to invite you to take part in it.Every participant is requested to
34、prepare a humorous story in English by themselves. So choose your story cautiously. The funnier your story is, the better it is. You are expected to deliver your speech within five minutes. You should tell your story at a proper pace with a clear voice.Looking forward to your participation. Im sure you will be one of the winners.Yours，Li_Hua