1、山西省山阴县2014高考英语阅读理解（12）及答案【2014高考英语福建省莆田市教学质量检查试卷】Recently we told you about a finding that more years of school could help students get higherscores on intelligence testsThat was the finding of a study of teenage males in NorwayNow，other research shows that physical activity may help students do bet
2、ter in their classes .The research comes as educators in some countries are reducing time for activities like physical educationThey are using the time instead for academic subjects like maths and readingThe studies appeared between 2007 and 2013They included more than 55，000 children，aged 6 to 18Am
3、ika Singh：“Based on the results of our study，we can conclude that being physically active is beneficial for academic performance. There are，first，Physiological explanations，like more blood flow, and so more oxygen to the brainBeing physically active means there are more hormones(荷尔蒙)produced like en
4、dorphins(内啡肽)And endorphins make your stress level lower and your mood improved, which means you also perform better.”Also，students involved in organized sports learn rules and how to follow themThis could improve their classroom behavior and help them keep their mind on their workThe study leaves s
5、ome questions unanswered，howeverMsStash says it is not possible to say whether the amount or kind of activity affected the level of academic improvementThis is because of differences among the studies .Alsothey were mostly observational studiesAn observational study is where researchers do not do co
6、ntrolled comparisonsThey only describe what they observeSo they might observe a link that students who are more active often have better gradesBut that does not necessarily mean being active was the cause of those higher gradesThe researchers said they found only two high - quality studiesThey calle
7、d for more high-quality studies to confirm their findingsThey also pointed out that “outcomes for other parts of the world may be quite different. ”Still，the general finding was that physically active kids are more likely to do better in schoolMsSingh says schools should consider that finding before
8、 they cut physical education programsHer paper on “Physical Activity and Performance at School”is published in the Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine72The passage mainly tells us that Aa research on physical education has been done by the researchersBthere exists a possibility that physic
9、al activity leads to higher gradesCthe amount or kind of activity directly affects academic levelDthe research shows that the children aged 6 to 1 8 dont do sports73Which of the following is TRUE?ABeing mentally active is good for academic subjectsBThe more hormones you have，the more stressed you wi
10、ll getCThey have found many high-quality studies to prove the researchDThe educators in the research think studies，not exercise，mean much to students74The underlined sentence in Paragraph 7 probably means .Agood marks result from high-quality studyBfindings probably vary in different areasCphysical
11、activity will spread all over the worldDacademic performance depends on the surroundings75Whats the purpose of writing the passage?ATo call our attention to the sports at schoolBTo introduce all types of physical activitiesCTo represent the academic performanceDTo improve students health 【参考答案】7275、
12、BDBA阅读理解-AHe was an old man who fished alone in a boat in the Gulf Stream and he had gone eighty-four days now without taking a fish. In the first forty days a boy had been with him. But after forty days without a fish the boys parents had told him that the old man was now definitely and finally sal
13、ao, which is the worst form of unlucky, and the boy had gone at their orders in another boat which caught three good fish the first week. It made the boy sad to see the old man come in each day with his skiff empty and he always went down to help him carry either the coiled lines or the gaff (鱼钩) an
14、d harpoon (鱼叉) and the sail that was furled around the mast (桅杆). The sail was patched with flour sacks and, furled, it looked like the flag of permanent defeat. The old man was thin and gaunt with deep wrinkles in the back of his neck. The brown blotches（斑点）of the skin cancer the sun brings from it
15、s reflection on the tropic sea were on his cheeks. The blotches ran well down the sides of his face and his hands had the deep-creased scars from handling heavy fish on the cords. But none of these scars were fresh. They were as old as erosions in a fishless desert. Everything about him was old exce
16、pt his eyes and they were the same color as the sea and were cheerful and undefeated. “Santiago,” the boy said to him as they climbed the bank from where the skiff was pulled up. “I could go with you again. Weve made some money.” The old man had taught the boy to fish and the boy loved him. “No,” th
17、e old man said. “Youre with a lucky boat. Stay with them.” “But remember how you went eighty-seven days without fish and then we caught big ones every day for three weeks.” “I remember,” the old man said. “I know you did not leave me because you doubted.” “It was papa who made me leave. I am a boy a
18、nd I must obey him.” “I know,” the old man said. “It is quite normal.” “He hasnt much faith.” “No,” the old man said. “But we have. Havent we?” “Yes,” the boy said. “Can I offer you a beer on the Terrace and then well take the stuff home.” “Why not?” the old man said. “Between fishermen.” 1. The boy
19、 left the old man and went in another boat to fish because .A. the old man preferred to fish alone B. the old man was unluckyC. the boys parents ordered him toD. the old mans sail suggested a permanent defeat2. After reading this passage, we may safely conclude that .A. the old man was insistent and
20、 not afraid of failureB. the boys papa had confidence in everythingC. the old man caught big fishes during eighty-seven daysD. the boy obeyed his father because he had some doubts about the old man3. What might happen after the last paragraph? A. The old man and the boy might go to fish with other f
21、ishermen.B. The old man might go to have a drink with the boy.C. The old man and the boy might go to enjoy beer at the old mans home.D. The old man might go to tell the boys papa about the secrets between fishermen.【参考答案】13、CAB 阅读理解-B The Friday after the American holiday of Thanksgiving is called B
22、lack Friday. Its said that its the day that store ledgers(分类账)move into the black and companies become profitable.On that day, retailers slash prices to get consumers to buy. It is also a time when many Americans start their Christmas shopping. VOAs Elizabeth Lee tells us how the economy may affect
23、consumers on that bargain day. “Its just the deals, the sales and everything you can get for a lesser price,” said Sandy Thomas, a shopper. But its a nightmare for others. “I think its crazy. Ive done all of my shopping throughout the week so I dont have to go out on Friday,” she said. Its called Bl
24、ack Friday, the start of the traditional Christmas shopping season in the United States. Every year its the day after the Thanksgiving holiday. Stores open before sunrise and there are deep discounts everywhere you look.While the lead up to Christmas is known as the season of giving, Black Friday ca
25、n get ugly.Last year a crowd of bargain-hunters killed a Wal-mart worker in a New York suburb. This year, many stores are increasing security while they slash prices. “This is a huge time for the retail stores,” said Fred Joutz from George Washington University. “This is when they begin making their
26、 profits for the year.”Economics professor Fred Joutz says how Americans spend the weekend after Thanksgiving is a good indication of how consumers feel about the future.With the unemployment rate above 10 percent, Joutz says Americans are saving more and spending less. “Credit is still strictly con
27、trolled whether through credit cards or through borrowing from banks,” he said. Some retailers are attracting consumers by opening on Thanksgiving Day, when shops are traditionally closed. Other stores open their doors anywhere from midnight to four in the morning.And shoppers will be lining up in f
28、ront of the doors in order to be one of the first ones to walk through and get a big discount. Electronics like flat screen TVs are usually the first items to go. Sandy Thomas says its an annual family tradition and well worth it. “I just save maybe half of what I would have spent on a regular, you
29、know, shopping trip,” she said.Economists say U.S. consumers will spend money this Black Friday, but they will spend it more carefully. 4. The underlined word “slash” in the first paragraph probably means _.A. reduce B. raise C. increase D. change5. The sentence “This day should be a shoppers dream.
30、” should be placed between _.A. paragraph two and paragraph three B. paragraph one and paragraph twoC. paragraph three and paragraph four D. paragraph five and paragraph six 6. Why are many stores increasing security according to the passage?A. Because there are too many people saving more and spend
31、ing less.B. Because its a time when they begin making their profits for the year.C. Because last year a crowd of bargain-hunters caused an accident.D. Because many stores open their doors from midnight to four a.m.7.What can we learn from the passage?A. Christmas shopping is traditional time and thi
32、s year it is no exception.B. Electronics like flat screen TVs are usually least discounted.C. The economy only affects consumers on that bargain day.D. Thanksgiving is a good indication of how consumers feel about the future.【参考答案】47、ABCA 阅读理解概述（4）题型探究探究点三语义推测题猜词悟义是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考阅读理解中必考的题型。它不但需要准确无误
33、地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。考生应学会通过构词、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义及上下文线索等确定词义。一、题型特点与命题方式此类题型有逐渐增加的趋势，尤其是猜测词组、句义题。因为猜测词组、句义题涉及题材背景、句子结构、文章主旨、作者的观点态度等。联系主旨、整合上下文信息是解答这类题的关键。近几年阅读理解的生词率略有上升，加大了猜测力度。命题者着重考查考生利用同义或反义关系、构词法、语法和语篇文脉等理解生词的能力。 【题型特点】1要求根据阅读材料所提供的信息，结合中学生应有的常识和经验，正确判断生词词组的含义或熟词在特定语境中表达的具体含义以及一些句子
34、的意思。2要求猜测词义的词一般为实词，可通过构词法、定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索确定词义。3代词复指理解题也是猜测词义的常考类型。用“逻辑关系梳理法”、“逆向寻踪法”理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。【设问形式】1The underlined word“.” in the second(third.) paragraph refers to(means) _. 2By saying “.” in the first(second.) paragraph, the author means that _.3In paragraph.，“.” can be replaced by “
35、_”4The meaning of “.” in paragraph.is related to _.5Which of the following has the closest meaning to.(paragraph.)?6The underlined sentence in the first (second.)paragraph probably means that _. 二、解题思路与应试技巧做这种类型的题，要根据词、词组、句子所在的语境来判断其意义。因此熟练掌握一些猜词技巧是做好这类题的关键。命题者在出这类题时惯用常规词义来麻痹考生，我们要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境主观
36、臆断。下面结合近几年高考试题，对猜词悟义的技巧加以解读。1根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。例如： It will be very hard but also very brittle that is, it will break easily.从后面that is(也就是说)的解释中我们可以了解到brittle是“脆”的意思。The herdsman,_who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.定语从句中 looks after sh
37、eep 就表明了herdsman的词义为“牧羊人”。 例1 【2009福建卷】In his book, he had challenged readers to make deep cuts in personal emissions to keep the world from reaching extremely important tipping_points,_such as the melting(融化)of the ice sheets in Greenland or West Antarctica.The underlined words “tipping points” mos
38、t probably refer to “_”Afreezing pointsBburning pointsCmelting points Dboiling points【解析】 C根据后一句的such as the melting(融化)of the ice sheets in Greenland or West Antarctica.可知tipping points的意思是“融点”。 2根据同位关系进行猜测阅读中出现的难词有时后面紧跟一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释，这时可利用同位关系对前面或后面的词义或句意进行猜测。例如：They traveled a long way, at last
39、got to a_castle,_a large building in old times.同位语部分a large building in old times 给出了castle 的确切词义，即古时候的“城堡”。We are on the_night_shiftfrom midnight to 8 am. this week.两个破折号之间的短语很清楚地表明night shift 是“夜班”的意思。 The “Chunnel”， a tunnel(隧道) connecting England and France, is now complete.此句中a tunnel connectin
40、g England and France是Chunnel的同位语。由此可知，The “Chunnel”就是英法之间的海底隧道。 例 2 The Coalition for the Homeless is an organization that seeks to address the needs of the homeless population in the United States.It is a network of offices, some of which provide food and houses for the homeless population, and som
41、e of which fight for the passing of laws that would give every American the right to a place to call home.The word “address” in the first sentence probably means _ .Atalk about Bdeal withCfight for Dwrite to 【解析】 B猜测词义题。根据文中第二句“It is a network of offices, some of which provide food and houses for th
42、e homeless population.”，可知，该组织通过两种方式解决美国无家可归的人的住房问题，故可知B项正确。 3根据构词法(合成、派生、转化等)进行猜测在英语中，有很多词可以在前面加前缀，或在后面加后缀，从而构成一个词，乍看起来，这个词可能是新词，但掌握了一定的构词知识，就不难猜出它的词义。例如：“Our parties are aimed for children 2 to 10，” Anaclerio said, “and theyre very interactive_and creative in that they built a sense of drama based
43、 on a subject.”文中interactive是由前缀inter(相互的)和active(活动的，活跃的)而构成的，同时根据上下文的意思可以判断，该词的含义应是“互动的”。 例 3 The new type of pineapple was selling fast, and the Del Monte Gold pineapple rapidly became a fixture in the shopping basket of the healthy eater.The underlined word “fixture” probably refers to something
44、 _.Athat people enjoy eatingBthat is always presentCthat is difficult to getDthat people use as a gift【解析】 B从文章意思可知，这种新型菠萝很畅销，当然成为了健康饮食人士购物筐中的常客。另外根据构词知识可知，该词的词根是fix，含有“固定”之意。 4根据因果关系进行猜测在一篇阅读文章中，根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。例如：The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken.Sometimes the weakness was p
45、ermanent.So the player could never play the sport again.从后面的结果“永远不能再运动”，可以推测 permanent 的意思是“永远的，永久的”。The low test score, they think, will make it impossible for them to get into a good college.And without a degree from a prestigious_university,_they fear that many of lifes doors will remain forever
46、closed. 学生认为考试分数低就不可能进入一所好大学，而没有“名校”的毕业文凭，将来生活中的很多大门可能就会对他们永远关闭。由此推知a prestigious university应是指名校，即a famous university。 例 4 【2011福建卷】.The problem is that if we invest little time in a person, our engagement_with that person will decline(减弱)until eventually it dies into “someone I once knew”.The unde
47、rlined word “engagement” in the second paragraph probably means “_”Aappointment BconnectionCinterview Dagreement【解析】 B词义猜测题。根据文中人们投入时间的多少将决定其关系的时长，可知投入时间少，我们和那个人的关系将被削弱，所以engagement是“关系”的含义，与B项一致。 5根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测文章中的代词it, that, this, he, him 或them可以指上文提到的人或物，其中it和that还可以指一件事。有时代词指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找；有时需要
48、对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的事。例如：However, the question that “moon people” asked is still an interesting one.A growing number of scientists are seriously thinking about it.it指的是月球人(moon people)所问的问题(the question)。 例 5 【2011福建卷】.To get rid of alcohol from the body is a very slow process and it is not possi
49、ble to speed it up with any measures like taking a shower or having a cup of tea or coffee.The underlined word “it” in the second paragraph refers to “_”Aalcohol BabsorptionCblood Dprocess 【解析】 D代词指代题。根据“To get rid of alcohol from the body is a very slow process and it is not possible to speed it up
50、 with any measures like taking a shower or having a cup of tea or coffee.”可知排除身体内的酒精是一个非常缓慢的过程，所以也不可能通过任何手段如洗澡或者喝一杯茶或咖啡加速这个排除过程，这样可以猜测出it指代排除身体内的酒精这一个过程，故选择D。 6根据同义关系进行猜测当词或短语之间有并列连词and 或or时，其连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，由此可推知其大致意思。Although he often had the opportunity, Mr.Tritt was never
51、 able to steal money from a customer.This would have endangered his position at the bank, and he did not want to jeopardize his future.作者为避免重复使用endanger一词，用其同义词jeopardize来替代它，由此推知其词义为“使陷入危险，危及，危害”。Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health.They also regard drinking as harm
52、ful.句中detrimental是个生词，但判断出harmful替代detrimental后，不难推断出其词义为“不利的，有害的”。 例 6【2009重庆卷】.When things are getting hard, a voice inside my head tells me that I cant achieve something.Then, there are other distractions,_such as family or hobbies.What does the underlined word “distractions” probably refer to? A
53、Ways that help one to focus.BWords that help one to feel less tense.CActivities that turn ones attention away.DHabits that make it hard for one to relax. 【解析】 C由前面的other可知distractions与第一句意思基本相同，第一句话表达的是让人注意力分散的事情，结合上下文可知答案为C。 7根据转折或对比关系进行猜测根据上下句的连接词，如but, however, otherwise等就可以看到前后句在意义上的差别，从而依据某一句的含
54、义来确定另一句的含义。另外，分号也可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义。例如：She is usually prompt for all her class, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.but一词表转折，因此but 前后的意思正好相反。后半句的意思是她今天“第一节上了一半才来”，因此反向推理，可得出她平时一向“准时”的结论。8通过上下文理解猜测词义通过上下文的具体信息猜测词义是目前高考阅读理解题中最常见的一种命题形式。 例 8 【2011课标全国卷】.The familys old farm house has become a chicken house, its residents arriving next month.What does the word “residents” in paragraph 1 probably refer to? Achickens BtomatoesCgardens Dpeople 【解析】 A词义理解题。联系句子The familys old farm house has become a chicken house，its residents arriving next month.我们知道，这里所说的“房子的居住者”就是这些小鸡。
