1、第二讲 主谓一致句法类错误 技法探究 素养提升考点1主谓一致误用典例1 2020全国卷 My dad dont like the soup and I dont enjoy apples.考场思维(1)主谓判断：主语My dad,第三人称单数，故谓语应该为第三人称单数。(2)瞻前顾后析时态：根据连词and后的dont enjoy可知时态为一般现在时。(3)尝试解答：_dontdoesnt 典例2 2016浙江卷He would ask who we was and pretend not to know us.考场思维(1)主谓判断：主语是we，谓语动词应该使用复数。(2)尝试解答：_wasw
2、ere12018全国卷The classroom is a place for learning and that include learning from textbooks,and mistakes as well._2She took the lift to the eleventh floor，and the secretary showed her where her desk and her computer was._32020长春外国语学校第二次质量检测You are the most considerate person who know exactly what I ne
3、ed in our class._includeincludes waswereknowknows42020甘肃兰州一中高三月考Each student learn a foreign language，mostly English，from Day One of their compulsory education._52020衡水中学第三次联考The first thing that occur to me is its excellence in finance,which I am interested in as my major._6I together with him，were
4、 going to do just what we had discussed._learnlearnsoccuroccurs werewas1判断主谓语是关键可数名词单数或不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用单数。动词-ing形式、不定式或名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。注意：名词性从句表示复数概念时，谓语动词应用复数。就近原则常见的有：either.or.,neither.nor.,not only.but also.,there be等。就远原则常见的有：together with，as well as，but，except等。在倒装句中要找出句子的主语从而判断谓语动词的单复数。定语从句
5、中的谓语动词要与定语从句所修饰的先行词保持一致。2附加成分是难点对于分隔现象，可利用“减一减”原则：先从整体上把握主干，再去掉句子中的插入语、附加成分等分隔干扰部分，使结构简化。考点2从句或固定句型误用典例1 2020全国卷Understanding her good intentions,I eat all the food what is provided by Mom with appreciation.考场思维(1)结构分析：先行词是food，定语从句中缺少主语，先行词被all,every,any,much,little(少),few,no等修饰时，关系代词用that。what可以引导
6、名词性从句，但不可以引导定语从句。(2)尝试解答：_whatthat典例2 2018全国卷I was afraid that to speak in front of a large group of people.考场思维(1)结构分析：从句式看，afraid后不是宾语从句；afraid后的to do 不定式是原因状语。(2)尝试解答：_去掉 afraid 后的 that12020全国卷Thank you for your letter,what really made me happy._22020全国卷Then I can spare some time to learn it agai
7、n,such that we can practice together on every day._32019全国卷 In the cafe，customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment what is created for them._42018全国卷They also had a small pond which they raised fish._whatwhichsuchso；去掉every day前的onwhatthat/whichwhichwhere或which前加in52017全国卷In their
8、 spare time，they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden，that is on the rooftop of their house._62020安徽省合肥市高三第三次质量检测Others thought some courses should be offered in schools,which goal was to help students learn more about our customs,ways of life and so on._72020衡水中学第三次联考Firstly,good s
9、ocial skills and strong organizing ability are that I have acquired in high school thanks to the experience of serving as monitor._82020山西五地市高三联考When we arrived at the park,we were amazed at that we saw._thatwhichwhichwhosethatwhat thatwhat1关注定语从句中只用which不用that的情况引导非限制性定语从句时。The building,which attra
10、cts many visitors,is designed by my father.位于介词后面时。Great changes have taken place in the city in which they live.2明辨关系代词和关系副词误用引导词用关系代词还是关系副词关键还是看引导词在从句中作的成分。若引导词作状语，则使用关系副词(when代指时间，where代指地点，why代指原因)；若引导词作主语、宾语、定语等成分，则使用关系代词。3理清that/which和whose的误用that/which在定语从句中作主语、宾语等成分，而whose在从句中作定语，表示“的”。4牢记th
11、at与what引导名词性从句的区别that引导名词性从句只起连接作用，在从句中不作任何成分，无意义，在宾语从句中通常省略，但在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中均不能省略；what除引导从句外，还在从句中作成分，意为“所的(东西)”，在含义上等于“名词that”。考场练兵 检验考试能力Test 12020郑州市高中毕业年级第二次质量预测Recently I became addicted to learn more languages apart from English.Once I saw a post offering a wonderful course in German,and th
12、at was just what I decided to take from a new language.While the room for classes was quite small,but there was a whole world of language to explore.Our teacher,Mrs.Haus,was a tall,thin and quiet lady.Ill never forget the day which she introduced herself.She never once raised voice,but the minute sh
13、e began to speak,the room fell silently.Why?She loved German and its culture and everybody in her classes couldnt help but fell in love with the language,too.We all admire the way she talked about different German foods and tradition.Then I realized what makes the good teacher.Its someone who is in
14、love with what he or she is teaching!Test 1答案与解析：Recently I became addicted to learnlearning more languages apart from English.Once I saw a post offering a wonderful course in German,and that was just what I decided to take fromon a new language.While the room for classes was quite small,butthere wa
15、s a whole world of language to explore.Our teacher,Mrs.Haus,was a tall,thin and quiet lady.Ill never forget the day whichwhen she introduced herself.She never once raised her voice,but the minute she began to speak,the room fell silentlysilent.Why?She loved German and its culture and everybody in he
16、r classes couldnt help but fellfall in love with the language,too.We all admireadmired the way she talked about different German foods and traditiontraditions.Then I realized what makes thea good teacher.Its someone who is in love with what he or she is teaching!learn改为learning 动词形式误用。be/become addi
17、cted to doing sth.为固定用法，表示“沉迷于做某事”，to为介词，故用动名词形式learning。from改为on 介词误用。句意：我曾经看到一则帖子，帖子上提供了一门很棒的德语课程，那正是关于一门新语言我决定学习的东西。删除but 连词多用。该句中的While意为“尽管，虽然”，引导让步状语从句，不能与but连用。which改为when 关系代词和关系副词混用。分析该句结构可知，此处引导定语从句，在从句中作时间状语，先行词为“the day”，故用when引导该定语从句。voice前加her 限定词漏用。根据语境可知，此处与该句主语She呼应，表示“她从不提高她的嗓门”，故加
18、限定词her。silently改为silent 副词和形容词混用。该句中的fell用作系动词，表示“进入(某状态)”，后接形容词作表语。fell改为fall 固定搭配误用。sb.can not help but do sth.为固定用法，意为“某人忍不住做某事”。故此处应用动词原形fall。admire改为admired 动词的时态误用。根据该句中的talked并结合语境可知，此处讲述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。tradition改为traditions 名词的单复数误用。根据该句中的different以及“foods and”并结合常识可知，该处指多种不同的传统，故用复数形式。the
19、改为a 冠词误用。该处泛指“一位好老师”，且good的发音以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a。Test 22020绵阳市高中第三次诊断性考试 Everyone has a dream.So do me.When I grow up,my dream is to be a scientist.As the matter of fact,being a scientist had been one of my dreams since my childhood because scientists are the most knowledgeable and selfless in my mind.T
20、hey devote themselves to help work out difficult problem in our life.They work hardly to help people in need,asking nothing in return.Science can promote the development of the world,and Im sure I will make the world good if I can become a scientist.I know it will be no easy job.Therefore,I believe
21、my dream will be come true.答案与解析：Everyone has a dream.So do meI.When I grow up,my dream is to be a scientist.As thea matter of fact,being a scientist hadhas been one of my dreams since my childhood because scientists are the most knowledgeable and selfless in my mind.They devote themselves to helphe
22、lping work out difficult problemproblems in our life.They work hardlyhard to help people in need,asking for nothing in return.Science can promote the development of the world,and Im sure I will make the world goodbetter if I can become a scientist.I know it will be no easy job.ThereforeHowever，I bel
23、ieve my dream will be come true.me改为I 代词主格和宾语的混用。本句是so引导的一个语法倒装句，助动词后是该分句的主语，应该用主格，所以将me改为I。the改为a 固定搭配误用。as a matter of fact为固定搭配，意为“事实上”，所以将the改为a。had改为has 动词的时态误用。根据该句中的时间状语since my childhood和语境可以判断，此处应用现在完成时，且主语为being a scientist，所以将had改为has。help改为helping 动词形式误用。devote oneself to.为固定用法，to是介词，其后一
24、般跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语，所以将help改为helping。problem改为problems 名词的单复数误用。根据句意可知，科学家们全力倾注于解决我们生活中的难题，problem为可数名词，此处指的难题不止一个，应用复数形式，所以将problem改为problems。hardly改为hard 副词误用。此处表示“他们努力地工作”，应用副词hard。副词hardly意为“几乎不”，与句意不符，所以把hardly改为hard。asking后加for 介词漏用。ask for为固定用法，意为“请求，要求”，符合语境，所以需要在asking后加for。good改为better 形容词形式误用。根据语境可知，此处应表示“如果我能成为一名科学家，我确信我将把世界变得更美好”，有比较的含义，所以将good改为better。Therefore改为However 副词误用。上句“我知道这不是容易的事情”和下句“我相信我的梦想会成真”之间为转折关系，所以将Therefore改为However。删除will后的be be动词多用。come true为固定用法，意为“实现，成为现实”，无被动语态，所以将be删除。
