1、课时24阅读理解文体技法7人物传记类.阅读理解文体技法演练【精要提示】近年来人物传记类文章在高考阅读中占的比例有减少，但仍是高考常考的文体之一，读这类文章时应注意：(1)把握文体特征，注意写作手法如前文所述，人物传记是记叙文体的一种，因此在阅读时要把握好时间、地点、人物和事件这四大要素。其次，还应该注意人物传记类文章的结构多按时间顺序排列，一般采用倒叙的写作手法，有时也采用插叙和补叙等手段。弄清楚人物传记类文章的特征和写作手法，能帮助考生在阅读和回答问题时做到高效省时、准确无误。(2)抓住题干关键词，采用寻读的方法查找细节描述。(3)抽丝剥茧，推理判断深层含义。推理判断题主要提问那些未曾在文中
2、说明，但已特别暗示的内容，考查考生对文章的准确理解和判断。【高考经典练】(2014广东卷)Samuel Osmond is a 19yearold law student from Cornwall，England.He never studied the piano.However，he can play very difficult musical pieces by musicians such as Chopin and Beethoven just a few minutes after he hears them.He learns a piece of music by list
3、ening to it in parts.Then he thinks about the notes in his head.Two years ago，he played his first piece Moonlight Sonata(奏鸣曲)by Beethoven.He surprised everyone around him.Amazed that he remembered this long and difficult piece of music and played it perfectly，his teachers say Samuel is unbelievable.
4、They say his ability is very rare，but Samuel doesnt even realize that what he can do is special.Samuel wanted to become a lawyer as it was the wish of his parents，but music teachers told him he should study music instead.Now，he studies law and music.Samuel cant understand why everyone is so surprise
5、d.“I grew up with music.My mother played the piano and my father played the guitar.About two years ago，I suddenly decided to start playing the piano，without being able to read music and without having any lessons.It comes easily to me I hear the notes and can bear them in mindeach and every note，”sa
6、ys Samuel.Recently，Samuel performed a piece during a special event at his college.The piece had more than a thousand notes.The audience was impressed by his amazing performance.He is now learning a piece that is so difficult that many professional pianists cant play it.Samuel says confidently，“Its a
7、ll about super memoryI guess I have that gift.”However，Samuels ability to remember things doesnt stop with music.His family says that even when he was a young boy，Samuel heard someone read a story，and then he could retell the story word for word.Samuel is still only a teenager.He doesnt know what he
8、 wants to do in the future.For now，he is just happy to play beautiful music and continue his studies.1What is special about Samuel Osmond?AHe has a gift for writing music.BHe can write down the note he hears.CHe is a top student at the law school.DHe can play the musical piece he hears.2What can we
9、learn from Paragraph 2?ASamuel chose law against the wish of his parents.BSamuel planned to be a lawyer rather than a musician.CSamuel thinks of himself as a man of great musical ability.DSamuel studies law and music on the advice of his teachers.3Everyone around Samuel was surprised because he _Are
10、ceived a good early education in musicBplayed the guitar and the piano perfectlyCcould play the piano without reading musicDcould play the guitar better than his father4What can we infer about Samuel in Paragraph 4?AHe became famous during a special event at his college.BHe is proud of his ability t
11、o remember things accurately.CHe plays the piano better than many professional pianists.DHe impressed the audience by playing all the musical pieces.5Which of the following is the best title of this passage?AThe Qualities of a MusicianBThe Story of a Musical TalentCThe Importance of Early EducationD
12、The Relationship between Memory and Music.能力提升练A(2015长沙一模) In 2015，an American will spend a year on the International Space Station(ISS) while his twin brother remains on Earth.Mark and Scott Kelly，the only twins who are also astronauts，have volunteered themselves for study creating a unique opportu
13、nity to figure out the health effects of space from those of genetics.Last year，Scott Kelly was chosen to take part in the first oneyear mission aboard the ISS，double the usual stay，along with Russian cosmonaut Mikhail Kornienko.Then last week NASA announced that his brother Mark would be monitored
14、on earth throughout.Researchers will have access to blood and saliva(唾液) samples from both twins taken before，during and after Scotts trip to the ISS，along with assessments of their vision，sleep patterns and cardiovascular(心血管的) activity.NASA will also measure both twins bone mass before and after t
15、he mission.Such data could help determine how genetics affects the health problems seen in space，including loss of bone and muscle mass and decline of vision，all caused by low gravity，plus an increased risk of cancer from space radiation and sleep problems while in space.“Ideally one would never hav
16、e flown in space，but thats not the case，” says Charles.“The only twins we have access to are both astronauts.”Once Scott has finished his yearlong journey，he will have spent much more time in space than Mark，who retired in 2011.Comparing the effects of short versus long space trips could be interest
17、ing，perhaps revealing whether bone mass loss worsens with each trip.Some may also delight in the fact that the Kelly study will be the strongest test yet of the twin paradox(孪生子佯谬) put forward by Albert Einstein.It states that a twin on a roundtrip journey aboard a fastmoving spacecraft will return
18、to Earth younger than the one who stayed home，thanks to relativity.The ISS orbits Earth at 7.71 kilometres per second，so Scott will age roughly 10 milliseconds less than Mark over the year.“I dont think our equipment is sensitive enough to pick up that difference，” says Charles.1Which of the followi
19、ng is NOT true of Mark and Scott Kelly?AThey have the same parents.BBoth of them are American astronauts.CBoth of them are of the same age.DBoth of them will stay in the ISS for one year.2At present，astronauts usually stay in the ISS for as long as about _Aone week Bone monthCsix months Done year3We
20、 can infer that _Aneither of the twins has traveled in spaceBboth of the twins have traveled in spaceCScott Kelly looks younger than Mark KellyDScott Kelly looks older than Mark Kelly4What is the passage mainly about?AAstronaut twins could reveal health effects of space.BAmerican astronaut twins wil
21、l get together in outer space.CMark and Scott Kelly are the only twin astronauts America.DEvidence shows how genes affect peoples health space.B(2015苏州模拟)Larry was on another of his underwater expeditions (探险) but this time，it was different.He decided to take his daughter along with him.She was only
22、 ten years old.This would be her first trip with her father on what he had always been famous for.Larry first began diving when he was his daughter s age.Similarly，his father had taken him along on one of his expeditions.Since then，he had never looked back.Larry started out by renting diving suits f
23、rom the small diving shop just along the shore.He had hated them.They were either too big or too small.Then，there was the instructor.He gave him a short lesson before allowing him into the water with his father.He had made an exception.Larry would never have been able to go down without at least fiv
24、e hours of theory and another similar number of hours on practical lessons with a guide.Children his age were not even allowed to dive.After the first expedition，Larry s later diving adventures only got better and better.There was never a dull moment.In his black and blue suit and with an oxygen tan
25、k fastened on his back，Larry dived from boats into the middle of the ocean.Dangerous areas did not prevent him from continuing his search.Sometimes，he was limited to a cage underwater but that did not bother him.At least，he was still able to take photographs of the underwater creatures.Larry s first
26、 expedition without his father was in the Cayman Islands.There were numerous diving spots in the area and Larry was determined to visit all of them.Fortunately for him，a man offered to take him around the different spots for free.Larry didn_t even know what the time was，how many spots he dived into
27、or how many photographs he had taken.The diving spots afforded such a wide array of fish and sea creatures that Larry saw more than thirty varieties of creatures.Larry looked at his daughter.She looked as excited as he had been when he was her age.He hoped she would be able to continue the family tr
28、adition.Already，she looked like she was much braver than he had been then.This was the key to a successful underwater expedition.5In what way was this expedition different for Larry?AHis daughter had grown up.BHe had become a famous diver.CHis father would dive with him.DHis daughter would dive with
29、 him.6What can be inferred from Paragraph 2 ?ALarry had some privileges.BLarry liked the rented diving suits.CDivers had to buy diving equipments.DTenyearold children were permitted to dive.7Why did Larry have to stay in a cage underwater sometimes?ATo protect himself from danger.BTo dive into the d
30、eep water.CTo admire the underwater view.DTo take photos more conveniently.8What can be learned from the underlined sentence?ALarry didn t wear a watch.BLarry was not good at math.CLarry had a poor memory.DLarry enjoyed the adventure.9What did Larry expect his daughter to do?ABecome a successful div
31、er.BMake a good diving guide.CTake a lot of photos underwater.DHave longer hours of training.C(2015杭州联谊学校二次联考)For many people，particularly immigrants，the American Dream is that talent and hard work can take you from log cabin to the White House.Tony Trivisonno did not rise as high as the White House
32、，yet he managed to make his own dream come true.He came from a farm in Italy.One evening I found him standing behind my garage.“I mow (割草) your lawn，” he said.It was hard to comprehend his broken English.I asked him his name.“Tony Trivisonno，” he replied.“I mow your lawn.” I told Tony that I couldnt
33、 afford a gardener.“I mow your lawn，” he said again，then walked away.Yes，these Depression days were difficult，but how could I refuse a person who had come to me for help?When I got home from work the next evening，the lawn had been mowed and the walks swept.I asked my wife what had happened.“A man ha
34、d worked on the yard，” she answered.“I thought you had hired him.”I told her of my experience the night before.We thought it strange that Tony had not asked for pay.The next Friday，I saw Tony again，behind the garage.I praised him for the work he had done.“I mow your lawn，” he said.I managed to give
35、him some kind of small weekly pay，and each day Tony cleaned up the yard and took care of any little tasks.My wife said he was very helpful whenever there were anything heavy to lift or things to fix.Summer passed into fall，and winds blew cold.“Mr.Craw，snow pretty soon，” Tony told me one evening.“Whe
36、n winter comes，you give me job clearing snow at the factory.”Well，how do you deal with such determination and hope? Of course，Tony got his job at the factory.One day I found Tony at our meeting place behind the garage.“I want to be apprentice (学徒)，” he said.We had a pretty good apprentice school tha
37、t trained workers.But I doubted whether Tony were able to read blueprints or do precision work.Still，how could I turn him down?Tony took a cut in pay to become an apprentice.Months later，I got a report that he had graduated as a skilled grinder (磨工)My wife and I were delighted with what Tony had ach
38、ieved.A year or two passed，and again I found Tony in his usual waiting place.“Mr.Craw，” he said，“I like to buy a house.” In the town，he had found a completely old house for sale.I called on a banker friend.“Do you ever loan money on character？”I asked.“No，” he said.“Now，wait a minute，” I replied.“He
39、re is a hardworking man，a man of character，I can promise you that.Hes got a good job.And he will pay your interest.”Unwillingly，the banker loaned Tony $2，000 and helped him buy the house.Tony was delighted.From then on，it was interesting to see that any abandoned odds and ends around our place were
40、gathered and taken home by Tony.After about two years，I found Tony in our familiar meeting spot.He seemed to stand a little straighter and looked confident.“Mr.Craw，I sell the house and buy a farm.”We sat down and talked.He told me that he had persuaded his childhood friend to move to America.With a
41、 satisfied look in his eye，he told me that when they came to his little farm，his friend stood in amazement and said，“Tony，you are a millionaire！”Then，during the World War ，news came from my company that Tony had passed away.When my people came to visit his family，they found the farm green with veget
42、ables，the little house comfortable and homey.The children were educated and working，and Tony didnt owe a cent.Tony，as well as all the greatest American businessmen，had reached their success in the same way and by the same values: vision，determination，optimism，selfrespect and，above all，honesty.Tony T
43、rivisonno came to America seeking the American Dream.But he didnt find ithe created it for himself.All he had were 24 precious hours a day，and he wasted none of them.10Why did Tony repeat “I mow your lawn”？AHe was determined to get a chance to work.BHe asked for pay for his excellent gardening.CHe t
44、hought he was good at gardening.DHe was ready to help others out.11Which of the following sentences brought out Tonys character of honesty?ATony was very helpful whenever there were anything heavy to lift or things to fix.BTony took a cut in pay to become an apprentice.CAny abandoned odds and ends a
45、round our place were gathered and taken home by Tony.DThe children were educated and hardworking，and Tony didnt owe a cent.12What did the author mean by saying “Do you ever loan money on character”？AHe was asking the banker the way the banks loan money to people.BHe thought a determined and diligent
46、 man should get a loan despite poverty.CHe was begging the banker to help Tony for the sake of their personal relation.DHe supposed a loan should be given to people according to their characters.13The fact that Tony sold his house and bought a farm indicated that Tony is a man of _Avision BoptimismC
47、selfrespect Ddetermination14Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?AThe author refused Tonys offer of mowing the lawn when they first met.BThe author didnt pay Tony for his cleaning up the yard.CThe author doubted Tonys being a good apprentice due to his poor education.DThe banker l
48、oaned Tony $2，000 because he believed Tony was honest.15Which of the following is probably the best title for the passage?AHow to achieve the American DreamBItalian immigrants life in AmericaCTony Trivisonnos American DreamDHonesty and determination make success课时24阅读理解文体技法(7)人物传记类高考经典练【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙
49、文，记述了Samuel Osmond一个音乐天才的人物故事。1D事实细节题。由第一段中的However，he can play very difficult musical pieces by musicians.可知，故选D项。2D事实细节题。由第二段最后两句“but music teachers told him he should study music instead.Now，he studies law and music”可知选D。3C事实细节题。由第三段最一句Samuel cant understand why everyone is so surprised和第三、四句“I s
50、uddenly decided to start playing the piano，without being able to read music and without having any lessons.It comes easily to me.each and every note”可知，他不用看音符就能弹钢琴，故选C项。4C推理判断题。由第四段最后一句Samuel says confidently，“Its all about super memoryI guess I have that gift.”可推出。5B主旨大意题。每段都有Samuel，全文都是说学法律的Samuel
51、有音乐天才。能力提升练【语篇解读】本文为说明文。Mark Kelly和Scott Kelly是一对双胞胎宇航员，目前，他们志愿将自己作为“小白鼠”，进行太空试验研究。1D考查细节理解。根据第一段第一句可知，双胞胎兄弟中只有一人参加了为期一年的国际空间站的任务，另一人留在地球上。2C考查细节理解。根据第二段第一句中的“Scott Kelly was chosen to take part in the first oneyear mission aboard the ISS，double the usual stay”可知，目前宇航员待在国际空间站的时间通常为半年左右。3B考查推理判断。根据第五
52、段可以判断这对双胞胎宇航员都有太空旅行的经历。4A考查主旨大意。本文主要讲一对双胞胎宇航员参加一项太空试验研究，这项试验从基因学角度分析太空环境如何影响人体健康状况。【语篇解读】本文用倒叙的手法叙述了著名的潜水员Larry的潜水经历，以及他带着女儿继续家庭的传统继续潜水的故事。5D推理判断题。根据文章一、二行Larry was on another of his underwater expeditions (探险) but this time，it was different.He decided to take his daughter along with him.可知这次潜水最大的不同
53、是Larry会带着他的女儿一起下水。故D正确。6A推理判断题。根据第二段后两行He had made an exception.Larry would never have been able to go down without at least five hours of theory and another similar number of hours on practical lessons with a guide.Children his age were not even allowed to dive.可知在别的孩子不被允许潜水的时候，Larry已经被允许和父亲去潜水，说明他
54、享有特权。故A正确。7A推理判断题。根据文章第三段后两行Dangerous areas did not prevent him from continuing his search.Sometimes，he was limited to a cage underwater but that did not bother him.At least，he was still able to take photographs of the underwater creatures可知一些危险的地方也没有能够阻止他去探险，有些地方很危险，他们需要在笼子里，以保护自己不受到危险的侵害。说明把他放在水下的
55、笼子里是为了保护他不受危险的侵害。故A正确。8D推理判断题。根据本句Larry didn t even know what the time was，how many spots he dived into or how many photographs he had taken.他甚至不知道自己曾经到过多少水下的地方，不知道之间潜水了多长时间，不知道自己拍摄了多少照片。可知他很享受自己的水下探险，到了忘我的境界。故D正确。9A推理判断题。根据文章最后一段一、二行Larry looked at his daughter.She looked as excited as he had been
56、when he was her age.He hoped she would be able to continue the family tradition.可知他希望女儿能够继续家庭的传统。他的父亲是一名潜水员，他也是。那么他也希望自己的女儿也成为一名成功的潜水员。故A正确。【语篇解读】本文为记叙文。意大利人Tony移民美国之后，用他的勤劳、智慧和坚韧一步一个脚印地实现了他的“美国梦”。10A考查细节理解。初到美国的Tony一直想先找一份工作，作为他在美国立足的起点。当碰到作者时，他用他蹩脚的英语一直重复着“I mow your lawn”，目的就在于从作者这里得到一份零工。故答案选A。1
57、1D考查细节理解。Tony去世后，作者的属下去Tony的农场吊唁时发现，Tony的一双儿女都接受了良好的教育且工作体面。而且，直至Tony去世，他没有欠别人一分钱。由此可以看出，Tony是个守信之人。故答案选D。12B考查推理判断。作者为了帮助Tony贷款买房子而向银行家朋友求助。由于Tony当时还是个穷光蛋，银行理应不会给他贷款。所以，作者质问道：“Do you ever loan money on character？(你们愿意以人的优良品格作担保提供贷款吗？)”之后，作者又说道：“Here is a hardworking man，a man of character，I can pro
58、mise you that.(我这儿有个勤劳踏实的伙计)”。由此可以推测，作者说这句话的意思是，银行应该贷款给勤劳坚韧的人，尽管他很穷。故答案选B。13A考查推理判断。从文章后一部分可以看出，Tony在没钱的情况下向银行贷款买了房子，之后又变卖房产，买了一个农场，并劝服儿时的伙伴来美国同他一起经营农场，最终成了一个富翁。由此可以看出，Tony在实现“美国梦”的过程中，有前瞻的眼光(vision)。14C考查细节理解。文中有一处细节可以表明Tony在意大利时并没有接受过很好的教育：Tony讲的是蹩脚的英语(英语句子时态都不正确)。所以，作者说：I doubted whether Tony were able to read blueprints or do precision work.(我怀疑他能否看得懂设计图纸，能否胜任精密加工。)15C考查主旨大意。文章主要讲述了意大利人Tony移民美国之后，用他的勤劳、智慧和坚韧一步一个脚印地实现了自己的“美国梦”。另外，文章第一段开头介绍了“什么是美国梦”，第一段结尾又点明了主旨。由此可知，“美国梦”是贯穿全文的线索。综上所述，C选项符合题意。
