1、Please match the words with their proper meanings.1occupyA现在，如今2replace B击败，战胜3process C占领，占用(时间、空间)4nowadays D替换，代替，取代5defeat E因此，所以6raise F完全的，整个的7therefore G仆人8entire H养育；举起；筹募9servant I过程；进程10distinction J区别，差别答案：15CDIAB610HEFGJ.Do you recognize all the languages below?1新年快乐！Chinese2Happy New Ye
2、ar! English3Bonne Anne! French4Glckliches Neues Jahr! German5！ Japanese.Match the following pictures with the meaning of the sign language.ACall me! BThumbs down！CApplause!DVictory/Win! EThumbs up! FOK!答案：1.E2.B3.D4.F5.A6.C.Fastreading1Look at the title and the subtitle (副标题) before each section, an
3、d then finish the following question.This passage is about the_developing_history of English.2Put the following sentences in the right order.AIn 1399, Henry became King of England and used English for all official occasions.BBy the 10th century, Old English was the official language of England.CDuri
4、ng the Renaissance in the 16th century Modern English began.DBy the latter half of the 14th century English was adopted by all classes in England.EBefore the middle of the 5th century, people in Britain all spoke a language called Celtic.FIn 1066, the Normans conquered England and took control of th
5、e country.GAt the end of the 9th century, the Vikings invaded Britain and brought their languages.答案：EGBFDAC.Carefulreading()Choose the best answers according to the text.1What is the main reason for Englishs development?AThe borrowing from other languages.BThe mixing of different languages from dif
6、ferent countries.CThe invasions.DAll of the above.2Old English consists of different languages used by different people.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text?AThe Angles and the Saxons.BThe Vikings.CFrench.DCeltic.3Which language had an important effect on the English language during M
7、iddle English period?AGerman.BFrench.CLatin. DGreek.4Which of the following is TRUE about the history of English?AThe language used before the middle of the 5th century is called Old English.BMiddle English started from about the 12th century and ended in the 15th century.COnly the English we are us
8、ing today is Modern English.DThe process of Englishs development will not continue any more.5Which of the following terms come from French?ABeef, sheep and bacon.BFeet, children and shoe.CPig, mutton and tooth.DBeef, pork and bacon.答案：1.D2.C3.B4.B5.D()Fill in each blank with no more than three words
9、.English and its historyPeriodsTimeEventsOld EnglishBefore the middle of the 5th centuryPeople in Britain all spoke a language called 1.Celtic.At the end of the29th_centuryThe Vikings 3.moved_to Britain and brought their languages.By the 10th centuryOld English had become the 4.official language of
10、England.MiddleEnglishIn 1066The Normans conquered England and 5.took_control_of the country.By the latter half of the 6.14th century7.English had come into widespread use among all classes in England.In 13998.Henry_ became King of England and used English for all official events.ModernEnglishDuring
11、the Renaissance in the 9.16th century10.Modern English appeared.StudyreadingAnalyze the following difficult sentences in the text.1When we speak English today, we sometimes feel puzzled about which words or phrases to use.句式分析 尝试翻译如今，我们在说英语时，有时候对于用哪个词汇或短语感到困惑。2The most important contribution was fro
12、m the Normans, a Frenchspeaking people who defeated England and took control of the country in 1066.句式分析 尝试翻译最大的贡献来自于讲法语的诺曼人，他们于1066年击败英格兰并控制了这个国家。3The question of whether English will keep on changing in the future is easy to answer.句式分析主干句为：The question is easy to answer。句中is easy to answer为主动形式表被
13、动意义，其结构为：主语beadj.to do, to do不定式与主语为逻辑上的动宾关系。whether引导宾语从句。尝试翻译在将来英语是否会继续发展这一问题是容易回答的。.PostreadingFill in the blanks according to the text.English is now widely used throughout the world.The English language is made up of grammar and vocabulary because people from different countries and cultures ha
14、ve lived together.Its development contains/includes three stages: Old English, Middle English and Modern English.In the fifth century, two Germanic groups occupied Britain.Old English consisted of a mixture of their languages.Unlike Old English, Middle English can be read, although with difficulty,
15、by modern Englishspeaking people.Many factors contributed to the development of Middle English.In 1066, the Normans took control of England, however, which did not have the same result that the Germanic invasion had had about 600 years earlier.But French still had an impact on the English language.T
16、his resulted in even more pairs of similar words.Modern English includes many Latin and Greek words.As we all know, English will continue changing in the future.It is certain that the changing process will continue and people will keep inventing new words and new ways of saying things.English and it
17、s historyAll through history, people from many different countries and cultures have lived together in Britain. The English language is made up of the grammar and vocabulary these people brought to Britain. That is why English has so many difficult rules that confuse people.Old EnglishOld English is
18、 very different from the English we speak nowadays. In fact, we would not be able to understand it if we heard it today. Before the middle of the 5th century, people in Britain all spoke a language called Celtic. Then two Germanic groups from the European mainland the Angles and the Saxons occupied
19、Britain. Old English consisted of a mixture of their languages. (Both the English language and the English people are named after the Angles; the word Angle was spelt Engle in Old English.) Aside from place names such as London, very few Celtic words became part of Old English. At the end of the 9th
20、 century, the Vikings, people from Northern European countries such as Denmark and Norway, began to move to Britain. They brought with them their languages, which also mixed with Old English. By the 10th century, Old English had become the official language of England.When we speak English today, we
21、 sometimes feel puzzled about which words or phrases to use. This is because English has many words and phrases from different languages, but with similar meanings. For example, the word sick came from a word once used by the Angles and the Saxons, while ill came from a word once used by the Norwegi
22、ans.Middle EnglishMiddle English is the name given to the English used from around the 12th to the 15th centuries. Many things played a part in the development of this new type of English. The most important contribution was from the Normans, a Frenchspeaking people who defeated England and took con
23、trol of the country in 1066. However, the Norman Conquest did not affect English as much as the Angles and the Saxons victory about 600 years earlier, which led to Old English replacing Celtic. Even though the Normans spoke French for the entire 250 years they ruled England, French did not replace E
24、nglish as the first language. On the other hand, the English language did borrow many words from French. This resulted in even more words with similar meanings, such as answer (from Old English) and reply (from old French). It is interesting to learn how the words for animals and meat developed. Aft
25、er the Norman Conquest, many English people worked as servants who raised animals. Therefore, the words we use for most animals raised for food, such as cow, sheep and pig, came from Old English. However, the words for the meat of these animals, which was served to the Normans, came from Old French:
26、 beef, mutton, pork and bacon.Old French made other contributions to Middle English as well. In Old English, the Germanic way of making words plural was used. For example, they said housen instead of houses, and shoen instead of shoes. After the Normans took control, they began using the French way
27、of making plurals, adding an s to house and shoe. Only a few words kept their Germanic plural forms, such as man/men and child/children.After the Norman Conquest, highclass people spoke French while common people spoke English. However, by the latter half of the 14th century, English had come into w
28、idespread use among all classes in England. In 1399, Henry became King of England. His mother tongue was English, and he used English for all official events.Modern EnglishModern English appeared during the Renaissance in the 16th century. Because of this, Modern English includes many Latin and Gree
29、k words. Pronunciation also went through huge changes during this period. Of course, this was not the end of the changes in the English language. The question of whether English will keep on changing in the future is easy to answer. It is certain that this process will continue, and people will keep
30、 inventing new words and new ways of saying things.英语及其历史在整个历史进程中，来自很多国家并具有不同文化的人们曾共同生活在不列颠。英语这种语言就是由这些人带来的语法和词汇组成的。这就是为何英语有这么多使人困惑不解的规则。古英语古英语和我们现在讲的英语很不同。事实上，如果我们现在听到古英语，我们将不知所云。5世纪中叶前，不列颠所有的人都说一种叫做凯尔特语的语言。之后，两支来自欧洲大陆的日耳曼部族盎格鲁人和撒克逊人占领了不列颠。古英语由他们的混合语言组成。(英语和英国人都是从盎格鲁这个词而来的；Angle在古英语的拼写方式是Engle。)除了地
31、名如伦敦，很少的凯尔特词汇成为了古英语。在9世纪末时，维京人，来自北欧国家如丹麦和挪威的民族，开始入侵不列颠。他们带来了他们的语言，这些语言也和古英语相融合。到10世纪的时候，古英语已经成为了英国的官方语言。我们今天说英语的时候，有时会感到迷惑，不知道该用哪个词汇或短语。这是因为英语中有许多词汇和短语来自不同的语言，但是却有相似的意思。例如，sick来自盎格鲁人和撒克逊人曾经用过的一个词汇，而ill来自挪威语。中古英语中古英语是指从大约12世纪至15世纪所使用的英语。许多因素促成了这种新型英语的发展。最重要的贡献来自讲法语的诺曼人，他们在1066年击败英格兰并控制了这个国家。然而，诺曼征服对英
32、语的影响并不及大约600年前盎格鲁人和撒克逊人的胜利对英语的影响那样大，那场胜利导致了古英语代替了凯尔特语。尽管诺曼人在他们统治英格兰的整整250年间一直说法语，但是法语并没有取代英语成为第一语言。另一方面，英语的确从法语中借取了很多词汇。这导致很多的词汇有相似的意思，如answer(来自古英语)和reply(来自古法语)。了解一下表示动物和表示肉类的词汇是如何发展的会很有趣。在诺曼征服后，许多英格兰人沦为饲养动物的仆人。因此，我们现在用的大多数表示为获取食物而饲养的动物的词汇如cow(母牛)、sheep(羊)、pig(猪)都是源自古英语。而表示这些动物的肉的词汇如beef(牛肉)、mutto
33、n(羊肉)、pork(猪肉)和bacon(熏猪肉)都是来自古法语，这些肉都被提供给了诺曼人。古法语对中古英语还有其他的贡献。在古英语中，日耳曼语的将词汇变为复数的方式被应用。例如，他们用housen而不是houses，用shoen而不是shoes。在诺曼人统治期间，他们开始用法语的方式来变化复数，在house和shoe后面加s。只有一些词汇保留了日耳曼式的复数形式，如man/men(男人)和child/children(孩子)。在诺曼征服后，上流社会的人说法语而普通人说英语。然而，到了14世纪后半叶时，英语已被英格兰所有社会阶层广泛使用。在1399年，亨利四世成为英格兰的国王。他的母语是英语，他在所有的正式活动中使用英语。现代英语现代英语出现在16世纪文艺复兴时期。因此，现代英语包含了许多拉丁词汇和希腊词汇。在此期间，英语发音也发生了巨大的变化。当然，英语的变化并没有结束。未来英语是否会继续变化这个问题其实很容易回答。可以肯定的是，这样的变化过程将会继续下去，人们还会不断地发明新的词汇和新的表达方式。
