1、2021年高考英语提分策略之语篇分析微技能微技能34 概要写作之精炼语词表述概要写作的评分原则之一是“对各要点表达的独立性情况”，即要用自己的语言表述原文要点，不能照抄原文的语句。同时各要点之间应注意利用恰当的过渡衔接词汇，使所写的句子连贯流畅。阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。(2019浙江高考)Parents everywhere praise their kids.Jenn Berman,author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kids,says,“Weve gone to the oppo
2、site extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be more strict.”By giving kids a lot of praise,parents think theyre building their childrens confidence,when,in fact,it may be just the opposite.Too much praise can backfire and,when given in a way thats insincere,make kids afraid to try new t
3、hings or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their parents praise has put them.Still,dont go too far in the other direction.Not giving enough praisecan be just as damaging as giving too much.Kids will feel like theyre notgood enough or that you dont care and,as a result,may s
4、ee no point in trying hard for their accomplishments.So what is the right amount of praise?Experts say that the qualityof praise is more important than the quantity.If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not the outcome,you can give it as often as yourchild does something that deserves a ver
5、bal reward.“We should especially recognize our childrens efforts to push themselves and work hard to achieve a goal，”says Donahue,author of Parenting Without Fear:Letting Go of Worry andFocusing on What Really Matters.“One thing to remember is that its the processnot the end product that matters.”Yo
6、ur son may not be the best basketball player on his team.But if hes out there every day and playing hard,you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses.Praising the effort and notthe outcome can also mean recognizing your child when she has worked hard to clean the yard,co
7、ok dinner,or finish a book report.But whatever it is,praise should be given on a case-by-case basis and be proportionate 相称的 to the amount of effort your child has put into it._概要思路第 1 步 读懂原文，明确篇章结构本文是议论文，提出当前父母对孩子进行过度赞扬和不表扬是同样有害的，正确的做法是找到其闪光点进行适度的表扬，以培养其自信乐观的心态。文章四个自然段，就是 4 个意义段，对应 4 个要点。第一段：指出过度表扬
8、不利于孩子的成长。第二段：对孩子的表扬不足同样有害。第三段：对孩子的表扬要恰当而且适时。第四段：关注孩子的努力，不必太过关注结果。第 2 步 去次留精，提炼关键信息本文关键信息已在文中用画线和阴影形式体现，其中画线词为与主题句相关的关键词，其他则为次要信息。第 3 步 归纳要点，合理转换表达采用同义转述、句式转换等方法灵活准确归纳要点，如：第一段主题句可归纳为要点 1：该要点中的“the opposite”可利用同义表达改为 contrary to；“stay on top where their parents praise has put them”(指的是父母对孩子过度表扬而设定的目标)
9、可转换为 unrealistic goals。第二段主题句可归纳为要点 2：该要点中的“Not giving enough praise”可转换为 inadequate praise;“theyre not good enough or that you dont care”可转换为 they are not doing well or they are ignored。第 4 步 句式多样，注意过渡衔接句式要多样，可利用非谓语动词、定语从句和名词性从句，归纳整合要点。要点 1 指出过度表扬不利于孩子的成长，而要点 2 说明对孩子的表扬不足同样有害，由此前两个要点为转折关系，可利用 howev
10、er 衔接；第 3 个要点说明要给予恰当适时的表扬，由此可知该要点与前两个要点是因果关系可利用therefore 衔接；第 3 个要点中的恰当适时的表扬与第 4 个要点中的表扬努力为并列关系，可利用表“并列，顺承”的过渡衔接词汇，如 besides,additionally等。范文 Contrary to the past,some parents are likely to overpraise their kids,making them feel given unrealistic goals.(要点 1)However，others give their kids inadequate
11、 praise,which gives them a false idea that they are not doing well or they are ignored.(要点 2)Therefore，praising them properly and punctually is definitely favorable.(要点 3)Additionally，to do so parents are advised to focus on their kids effort instead of the result.(要点 4)技法掌握写高分文备考有法 才稳拿高分 争夺写作满分一、优化
12、你的语言1替换单词、短语在找出文中的要点后，利用替换单词、短语等方法来增强语言表达的独立性。利用同义词(短语)或近义词(短语)代替原文单词或短语。将原文动词短语转换为介词短语、名词短语替换成动词短语、动词转换为名词、形容词转换为副词等。2调整句式除了用替换单词、短语等方式增强语言表达的独立性外，还可以采用灵活调整句式的方式达到语气目标。(1)长变短：压缩长的句子和词组，使其变得短小精悍，如两个简单句整合为一个并列句或主从复合句；复合句或并列句简化为简单句、从句简化为介词短语或者分词短语等。(2)主动变被动：主动句变为被动句式，更生动更符合英语表达。(3)善用定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句、倒装
13、句、强调句、省略句等丰富的句型结构等。二、恰当过渡衔接概要写作的评分标准之一是上下文的连贯性，要求你有效运用一定的衔接手段。3 种使上下文连贯的衔接手段词汇衔接：运用原词、近义词或反义词、上下义词等的复现。逻辑衔接：利用表逻辑关系的过渡词衔接上下文，如 besides,in addition,therefore 等，在选用过渡衔接词时，应考虑前后句子之间的内在逻辑关系。语法衔接：常见的语法衔接有替代和省略。替代：用代词替代前面的名词(短语)和句子，用助动词代替前面的动词(短语)。省略：在语境表达清晰的情况下，为了表达简洁，省略上文或下文的某个词句。好题精练实践提能阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇
14、 60 词左右的内容概要。Having good manners means practice of behaving decently(得体地)and having a feeling to act like a decent man.First,we must understand the meaning of“manners”.Manner is the way of doing something,the way to perform some action,and the way to behave in specific conditions.Good manners are th
15、us the proper and decent ways to perform some action or to behave well in specific conditions.Having good manners and behaving well are important in our routine life.Good manners and good behavior make a man valuable and respectable.Good manners are not only to talk politely.The whole meaning of goo
16、d manners counts many things.The way to eat and drink,the behavior while traveling,the way of sitting in front of elders,the accent of talking to young ones,the performance during lectures the way of sitting in a meeting,the behavior during some gatherings,and many more.A person having a sense of be
17、having well is a well-mannered person,and has a respectable place in society.The civilized societies only accept those who have good manners and civilized acts.Actually the well-civilized society comes into existence only due to the civilized people,and when a society is civilized,it means it is mor
18、e successful than others.In the development of a country,civilization and good manners play a very important role.So,if a person does not behave well and lacks good manners,he is not only disrespectful to his society and home but he is also a shame for the whole country.When we visit another country
19、,we are representing our whole nation in that country,and when we dont have good manners,then our whole nation is thought to be uncivilized.Thus,if you wish to be respected,then behave like a civilized and well-mannered person._概要思路 有礼貌就是要行为得体，同时要有体面人的感觉。对于礼貌问题的意义以及有礼貌的重要性文章给出了一些看法。第一段主题句是第一句和最后一句，第
20、一句介绍有礼貌的意义，故归纳为要点 1，而最后一句说明礼貌的重要性，应概括为要点 3。第二段主题句是第二段第一、二句，也是介绍有礼貌的意义，故应归纳为要点 2。第三段主题句为第一句，说明礼貌的重要性，故可归纳为要点 4。第四段主题句说明如何获得尊重，可归纳为要点 5。范文Having good manners and behaving well mean a lot and are important in our daily life.(要点 1)Having good manners means talking politely and many other things.(要点 2)Besides，good manners and good behavior let others respect and value us.(要点 3)Whats more，those who have good manners and civilized acts can be accepted by the civilized society.(要点 4)So if you want to be respected,you should have good manners.(要点 5)
