1、SectionGrammarXIINGZHI DAOXUE新知导学 ZHONGNAN TIANJIU重难探究 一 二 三 省略一、用所给词的适当形式填空1.The rescuers sent the (injure)to the nearby hospital.2.Look!His nose is (bleed).3.She got a foot (sprain)when she was playing football.4.The boy was (infect)with AIDS,a disease hard to cure.5.I believe you can find (variet
2、y)plants in the forest.答案:1.injured 2.bleeding 3.sprain 4.infected 5.variousXIINGZHI DAOXUE新知导学 ZHONGNAN TIANJIU重难探究 一 二 三 二、完成下列句子(练习省略结构)1.如果加热,水就会沸腾。,water will boil.2.他不像过去那样早起床了。He doesnt get up early as he .3.如果我是你,我就不去那儿。,I would not go there.4.请让你的朋友帮助你。Please let your friend .5.听起来是个好主意。a g
3、ood idea.答案:1.If heated 2.used to 3.Were I you 4.help you 5.Sounds likeXIINGZHI DAOXUE新知导学 ZHONGNAN TIANJIU重难探究 一 二 三 三、试着将下列句子改为省略句1.Dont move the broken leg if it is possible.2.He tried to save the people buried in the ruins as others saved the people.3.You carry the heavy box for the old man.4.If
4、 we had gone to the party,we would have known the fact.5.Do you know the gentleman whom our teacher is talking with?答案:1.Dont move the broken leg if possible.2.He tried to save the people buried in the ruins as others.3.Carry the heavy box for the old man.4.Had we gone to the party,we would have kno
5、wn the fact.5.Do you know the gentleman our teacher is talking with?ZHONGNAN TIANJIU重难探究 XINGZHI DAOXUE新知导学 一二省略一、省略的定义省略是一种避免重复、保持句子简洁的语法手段。凡是缺少一个或一个以上的必要语言成分,但在一定语境中能够独立存在,意义明确,并且能发挥交际功能的句子就是省略句。一般说来,只要不损害语法结构或者引起歧义,能省略的就应省略。省略不仅使句子结构显得紧凑,而且也是分句和分句之间的承接纽带。ZHONGNAN TIANJIU重难探究 XINGZHI DAOXUE新知导学 一二
6、二、省略的用法1.简单句中的省略1)主语的省略祈使句可省去主语。Hand me the hammer,will you?把锤子递给我好吗?除祈使句外,还有其他省去主语的情况。阅读下列句子,指出句子省略的主语是什么。Dont know.不知道。省略了主语:答案:ILooks like rain.像是要下雨了。省略了主语:答案:It ZHONGNAN TIANJIU重难探究 XINGZHI DAOXUE新知导学 一二2)谓语或谓语的一部分的省略。阅读下列句子,指出句子省略的谓语是什么。Anything you want to tell me?有什么事要告诉我吗?省略了:答案:Is there Th
7、e students still waiting?学生们还在等吗?省略了谓语:答案:Are 3)主语和谓语,或主语和谓语的一部分的省略。阅读下列句子,指出句子省略了什么。Got to go now.我得走了。省略了:答案:Ive Going to town?进城去吗?省略了:答案:Are you ZHONGNAN TIANJIU重难探究 XINGZHI DAOXUE新知导学 一二4)宾语的省略。阅读下列句子,指出句子省略的宾语是什么。Where should we go?我们去哪里?I dont care.Anywhere you want.我无所谓,你想去哪儿就去哪儿。省略了宾语:答案:wh
8、ere we go5)表语的省略。阅读下列句子,指出句子省略的表语是什么。Are these your friends?这些人是你的朋友吗?Yes,they are.是的,他们是我的朋友。省略了表语:答案:my friends ZHONGNAN TIANJIU重难探究 XINGZHI DAOXUE新知导学 一二6)系动词的省略有些省略结构省去了系动词,尤其在口语中。阅读下列句子,指出句子省略的系动词是什么。Everything in good condition.一切都完好无损。省略了系动词:答案:is 7)不定式的省略A.答语中的有些动词后跟不定式作宾语时,可将其动词省略,而保留 to,这样
9、的动词或短语常见的有want,wish,expect,hope,like,love,try,forget,prefer,mean,be going to,be about to,be supposed to 等。ZHONGNAN TIANJIU重难探究 XINGZHI DAOXUE新知导学 一二Will you go with me?你要和我一起去吗?Yes,Id like to(go with you).是的,非常乐意。B.如果作宾语的不定式是 be 动词或完成时态,则须在 to 之后加上 be或 have。Are you a doctor?你是医生吗?No,but I want to be
10、.不,但我希望是。He hasnt finished his homework.他没有完成作业。He ought to have.他本应该完成的。C.两个或两个以上的不定式并列,第一个带 to,后面的常可省略 to。My job is to look after the children and teach them English.我的任务是照顾孩子并教他们英语。但如果两个不定式表示对比关系时,则 to 都不能省略。ZHONGNAN TIANJIU重难探究 XINGZHI DAOXUE新知导学 一二To be for the plan or to be against it doesnt m
11、atter.赞成或反对这项计划都不要紧。D.当不定式作表语时,如果前面主语中出现实义动词 do 及其各种形式,则不定式中的 to 常可省略。What he wants to do is go home.他想做的就是回家。E.感官动词和使役动词后面作宾语补足语的不定式要省略 to(help 后的 to 可带也可不带)。I saw a boy fall down from the tree.我看见一个男孩从树上掉下来了。Ill help you(to)do the work.我会帮你做这项工作。F.介词 but 前面有动词 do,后面的不定式可省略 to。He can do nothing but
12、 lie down and sleep.他无事可做只好躺下睡觉。ZHONGNAN TIANJIU重难探究 XINGZHI DAOXUE新知导学 一二2.并列句中的省略并列句中后面分句与前面分句的相同部分常可省略。They dont agree with you and neither do I.他们不同意你的意见,我也不同意。省略了:答案:agree with youShe was poor but honest.她虽然穷但很诚实。省略了:答案:she was ZHONGNAN TIANJIU重难探究 XINGZHI DAOXUE新知导学 一二3.复合句中的省略1)宾语从句中的省略A.以特殊疑
13、问词引导的宾语从句,若有与前面主句重复的内容,则可将重复内容省略,而只保留特殊疑问词。阅读下列句子,指出句子中省略的部分。You are unhappy.Can you tell me why?你不高兴。能告诉我为什么吗?省略了:答案:you are unhappyB.当用 Im afraid,I think,I believe,I hope,I guess 等作答句时,后面常用省略形式。Do you think it will rain?你认为会下雨吗?I guess so.我猜会。ZHONGNAN TIANJIU重难探究 XINGZHI DAOXUE新知导学 一二常用表达:I hope s
14、o.我希望如此。I hope not.我希望不会。Im afraid so/not.恐怕如此/不是。I think/believe/guess/expect/suppose so.我认为/相信/猜/希望/认为是这样的。C.在宾语从句中常省略连词,但当及物动词之后跟两个或两个以上的宾语从句时,只有第一个连词 that 可省略。He told me(that)she was a beautiful girl and that she was clever.他告诉我她是一个漂亮的女孩,而且很聪明。ZHONGNAN TIANJIU重难探究 XINGZHI DAOXUE新知导学 一二2)定语从句中的省略
15、A.在限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词 that,which,whom 可省略。He is one of the men(whom)I can trust.他是我信任的人之一。B.修饰 way 的关系副词 that(=in which)可以省略。This is the way(that/in which)he studies.这就是他的学习方法。C.在非正式用语中,关系代词 as 后面的主谓结构可省略。He gave the same answer as(he had given)before.他给出的答案和以前(他给的)一样。ZHONGNAN TIANJIU重难探究 XINGZHI DAOX
16、UE新知导学 一二3)状语从句中的省略A.在时间、地点、条件、方式或让步状语从句中,如果其主语和主句的主语一致,或从句的主语是 it 且从句中谓语动词包含 be,常把从句的主语和be 省略。阅读下列句子,指出句子省略了什么。Unless necessary,youd better not refer to the dictionary.除非有必要,否则你最好别查词典。省略了:答案:it is Be careful when crossing the street.过马路时要小心。省略了:答案:you are B.在比较状语从句中,than 或 as 后面的部分可省略。阅读下列句子,指出句子省略
17、了什么。ZHONGNAN TIANJIU重难探究 XINGZHI DAOXUE新知导学 一二Im taller than she.我比她高。省略了:答案:is You hate him as much as I.我和你一样恨他。省略了:答案:hate him 4)虚拟语气中的省略在 if 引导的虚拟语气中,如果从句中含有助动词 were,had(done),should,则可省去 if,把 were,had,should 提到从句句首。阅读下列句子,进行同义句转换。If John were here,he would know what to do.=John here,he would kn
18、ow what to do.要是约翰在这儿,他会知道怎么做。答案:Were ZHONGNAN TIANJIU重难探究 XINGZHI DAOXUE新知导学 一二If anything had happened,he would have let her know.=anything happened,he would have let her know.要是发生了什么事,他会让她知道的。答案:Had If she had lost her place,they all would be ruined.=she lost her place,they all would be ruined.要是
19、她丢了职位,他们就都完了。答案:HadZHONGNAN TIANJIU重难探究 XINGZHI DAOXUE新知导学 一二 将下列句子改为省略句1)Johnworkedhardbuthisbrotherdidnotworkhard.2)Ihavelazystudentsandhardworkingstudentsinmyclass.3)Hasheeverbeenabroad?No,hehasneverbeenabroad.4)Ifitisnecessary,wewillfinishitaheadoftime.5)Youmustnotbelateandyoumustnotbeabsent.即学即
20、用ZHONGNAN TIANJIU重难探究 XINGZHI DAOXUE新知导学 一二6)Give me your name and address,please.7)It is well done.8)Mother can take a rest,Mother should take a rest but Mother wont take a rest after long hours of work.9)He could answer the questions very well if he would answer the questions but he didnt answer t
21、he questions.10)He will come back,but he doesnt say when he will come back.ZHONGNAN TIANJIU重难探究 XINGZHI DAOXUE新知导学 一二答案:1)John worked hard but his brother did not.2)I have lazy and hardworking students in my class.3)Has he ever been abroad?No,never.4)If necessary,we will finish it ahead of time.5)You must not be late or absent.6)Your name and address,please.7)Well done.8)Mother can and should take a rest,but she wont after long hours of work.9)He could answer the questions very well if he would but he didnt.10)He will come back,but he doesnt say when.
