1、2014陕西省西安市高考英语阅读理解精练（5）及答案【浙江省2014高考英语模拟冲刺卷】The discovery that language can be a barrier (障碍) to communication is quickly made by allwho travel, study, govern or sell. Whether the activity is tourism, research, government, policing or business, the lack of a common language can severely delay progre
2、ss or can stop it altogether.Although communication problems of this kind must happen thousands of times each day, very few become public knowledge. Publicity comes only when a failure to communicate has major results, such as strikes, lost orders, legal problems or deadly accidents-even, at times,
3、war. One reported example of communication failure took place in 1970, when several Americans ate a species of poisonous mushroom. No remedy was known, and two of the people died within days. A radio report of the case was heard by a chemist who knew of a treatment that had been successfully used in
4、 1959 and published in 1963. Why had the American doctors not heard of it seven years later? Possibly because the report of the treatment had been published only in journals written in European languages other than English.Several comparable cases have been reported. But isolated (孤立的) examples do n
5、ot give an impression of the size of the problem-something that can come only from studies of the use or avoidance of foreign-language materials and contacts in different communicative situations. In the English-speaking scientific world, for example, surveys of books and documents consulted in libr
6、aries and other information agencies have shown that very little foreign-language material is ever consulted. Library requests in the field of science and technology showed that only 13 percent were for foreign language journals.The language barrier presents itself entirely to firms who wish to mark
7、et their products in other countries. British industry, in particular, has in recent decades often been criticized for its assumption (设想) that foreign buyers will be happy to communicate in English, and that awareness of other languages is not therefore a matter to be considered first. In the 1960s
8、, over two-thirds of British firms dealing with non-English-speaking customers were using English for outgoing letters; many had their sales language only in English; and as many as 40 percent employed no one who was able to communicate in the customers languages. A similar problem was identified in
9、 other English-speaking countries, especially the USA, Australia and New Zealand. And non-English speaking countries were by no means free from the same problem-although the widespread use of English as an alternative (可替换的) language made them a bit more able to communicate with other countries.The
10、criticism and publicity given to this problem since the 1960s seems to have greatly improved the situation. Industrial training projects have promoted an increase in language and cultural awareness. Many firms now have their own translation services. Some firms run part-time language courses in the
11、languages of the countries with which they are most involved; some produce their own technical glossaries (词汇表), to ensure consistency (一致性) when material is being translated. It is now much more readily accepted that marketing efforts can be delayed, damaged or ruined by a failure to take the langu
12、age needs of the customer into consideration. 50. Communication problems may come to the attention of the public when _. A. somebody has diedB. a serious traffic accident has happened C. serious results have been causedD. people have trouble in travelling51. What is the probable meaning of the under
13、lined word “remedy” in Paragraph 2? A. doctorB. mushroomC. poisonD. treatment52. What can we infer about American doctors from the case of the poisonous mushrooms? A. They probably only read reports written in English. B. They hadnt read that report of the treatment. C. They didnt know how to treat
14、such a case. D. They were unable to get reports written in other languages.53. Firms of English-speaking countries use English only when marketing their products because _. A. English is their official language B. they dont know their products will be sold abroad C. people in their countries dont kn
15、ow other languages D. they think foreign customers will be happy when English is used54. Which of the following ways has been used by the British companies to solve the problem of language barrier since the 1960s? A. Employing foreign workers.B. Setting up their own translation services. C. Providin
16、g English training for foreign customers. D. Stopping exporting goods to foreign countries.Passage C【语篇解读】本文是一篇关于语言构成交流障碍的议论文。文章分别阐述了这种障碍所造成的后果、原因及人们采取的措施。50C【解析】事实细节题。文中第二段有清晰说明。51D【解析】词义推测题。根据前一个句中“食用了有毒蘑菇”，所在句中的“死亡”及下一句中的treatment，可推知其词义为“疗法”。52A【解析】推理判断题。从文中第二段的事例及最后一句可推知。53D【解析】事实细节题。文章第四段有明确说明
17、。54B【解析】事实判断题。从文章最后一段可找到选择与排除的依据。阅读理解People tend to become more personal and hide less of themselves when using email Researchers from Open University in Britain have found in a recent study that there are good reasons for this The team of researchers asked 83 pairs of students, all strangers to eac
18、h other, to solve a problemThey had to discuss this question: If only five people in the world could be saved from a world disaster, who should they be? The pairs of students had to talk over the problem either face to face or by computersDrJohnson said, “They told their partners four times as much
19、about themselves when they talked over the Internet as when they talked face to faceWhen the computers were fitted with cameras so that students could see each other, this limited the personal side of the conversation” Generally the information was not extremely personalIt was mainly about things su
20、ch as where they went to school, or where they used to liveBut some students discussed their love stories, and personal childhood experiencesDrJohnson believes that emailing encourages people to focus on themselvesAnd when they do this, they become more open , especially if there are no cameras“If y
21、ou cannot see the other person, it becomes easier to talk about yourselfThis is because you are not thinking what the other person is thinking of youSo emailing has become the modern way of talking” said DrJohnsonHowever, this style of talking is not entirely new“In the 19th century people started t
22、o use the telegraph to communicateNow the same kind of thing has happened and people ended up speaking more freely” DrJohnson thinks that e-mailers need to know about these effects of emailing, especially when they start work in a company“If you dont know about it, you could find yourself saying mor
23、e about yourself than you wanted to ”17The subject discussed in this passage is Ahow people open up when emailing Bhow people do research studies Chow to communicate at work Dhow to discuss and solve a problem 18The reason that some couples talked freely about themselves is that Athey didnt talk abo
24、ut very personal things Bthey couldnt see each other Cthe cameras on the computers were turned on Dthey had to discuss a question 19What do the underlined words （in para4） refer to?AThe telegraphBThe computerCEmailingDFace-to-face talk20In the writers opinion, one should Afocus on oneself when email
25、ing Btalk more freely in email than usual Cdiscuss any subject that one wants to Dconsider how one uses email at work 【参考答案】E) ABCD阅读理解My father was a foreman of a sugar-cane plantation in Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico. My first job was to drive the oxen（牛） that ploughed the cane fields. I would walk beh
26、ind an ox, guiding him with a broomstick. For $ 1 a day, I worked eight hours straight, with no food breaks.It was very tedious work, but it prepared me for life and taught me many lasting lessons. Because the plantation owners were always watching us, I had to be on time every day and work as hard
27、as I could. Ive never been late for any job since. I also learned about being respectful and faithful to the people you work for. More important, I earned my pay; it never entered my mind to say I was sick just because I didnt want to work.I was only six years old, but I was doing a mans job. Our fa
28、mily needed every dollar we could make because my father never earned more than $ 18 a week. Our home was a three-room wood shack with a dirty floor and no toilet. Nothing made me prouder than bringing home money to help my mother, father, two brothers and three sisters. This gave me self-esteem(自尊心
29、), one of the most important things a person can have. When I was seven, I got work at a golf course near our house. My job was to stand down the fairway and spot the balls as they landed, so the golfers could find them. Losing a ball meant you were fired, so I never missed one. Some nights I would
30、lie in bed and dreamt of making thousands of dollars by playing golf and being able to buy a bicycle. The more I dreamed, the more I thought. Why not? I made my first golf club out of guava limb(番石榴树枝) and a piece of pipe. Then I hammered an empty tin can into the shape of a ball. And finally I dug
31、two small holes in the ground and hit the ball back and forth. I practiced with the same devotion and intensity. I learned working in the field except now I was driving golf balls with club, not oxen with a broomstick.46. The word “tedious” in Paragraph 2 most probably means _. A. difficult B. borin
32、g C. interesting D. unusual47. The writer learned that_ from his first job. A. he should work for those who he liked most B. he should work longer than what he was expected C. he should never fail to say hello to his owner D. he should be respectful and faithful to the people he worked for48 _ gave
33、the writer self-esteem. A. Having a family of eight people B. Owning his own golf course C. Bringing money back home to help the family D. Helping his father with the work on the plantation49. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A. He wanted to be a successful golfer.
34、 B. He wanted to run a golf course near his house. C. He was satisfied with the job he got on a plantation. D. He wanted to make money by guiding oxen with a broomstick.参考答案-46-49、 BDCA 【湖北省2014高考英语第二次联考试题】C The American political class has long held that higher education is vital to individual and
35、national success. The Obama administration has labeled college as “the ticket to the middle class”, and political leaders all have praised higher education as the best way to improve economic opportunity. Yet despite such advice, total college enrollment (入学) has fallen by 1.5% since 2012. Whats cau
36、sing the decline? While a shortage of birth in the mid-1990s accounts for some of the shift, big foreign enrollment makes up for that lack. The answer is simple: The benefits of a degree are declining while costs rise. A key measure of the benefits of a degree is the college graduates earning potent
37、ial and on this score, their advantage over high-school graduates is fading. Since 2006, the gap between what the median college graduate earned, compared with the median high-school graduate, has narrowed by $1,387 for men over 25 working full time, a 5% fall, women in the same category worse, losi
38、ng 7% of their income advantage. A college degrees declining value is even more noticeable for younger Americans. According to data collected by the College Board, for those in the 25-34 age range the difference between college graduate and high school graduate earnings fell 11% for men, to $18,303
39、from $20,623. The decline for women was an extraordinary 19.7%. Meanwhile, the cost of college has increased 16.5% in 2012 since 2006, according to the Office of Labor Statistics higher education tuition-fee index. Tuition discount from universities has slowed down the rise, but not enough to balanc
40、e the clear increase adjusted to the inflation (通货膨胀). Underemployment has arisen with this situation. The 2013 College Affordability and Productivity Report showed explosive growth in the number of college graduates taking relatively unskilled jobs. In 1970 less than 1% of taxi drivers had college
41、degrees. Four decades later, more than 15% do. This is only partly the result of the economic depression and public policies that have failed to produce employment growth. Its also the result of an academic arms race in which universities have spent large sums on elegant dormitories and campus expan
42、sion. More significantly, its the result of sending more high-school graduates to college than professional fields can accommodate. In 1970, when 11% of adult Americans had bachelors degrees or more, degree holders were viewed as the nations best and brightest. Today, with over 30% with degrees, a s
43、ignificant part of college graduates are similar to the average American - not apparently smarter or more well-organized. Declining academic standards and grade inflation add to employers opinions that college degrees say little about job readiness.59. The statistics in paragraph 3 show _. A. women
44、graduates earn less than men graduatesB. younger Americans suffer more from the income decreaseC. high school graduates earn more than college graduatesD. college graduates income advantage is declining 60. Underemployment occurs mainly because _. A. more graduates tend to take unskilled jobsB. acad
45、emic competition among universities is acuteC. today graduates are not qualified for skilled workD. colleges are producing more graduates than needed61. What can we learn from the last paragraph?A. Now degree holders are not smart and well-organized. B. Graduates with college degree are not likely t
46、o get a job today.C. Employers think college degree cant guarantee good performance at work. D. The past 40 years have seen the success of American higher education.62. Which would be the best title for the passage?A. Colleges Are Losing Their GloryB. Education Changes Social PositionC. High School Graduate Guarantee Good FutureD. College Degree Is Promising
