1、UNIT 3 单元主题训练.阅读理解ACoral reefs (珊瑚礁) are an integral part of sea life and sustain it by providing shelter and habitat to various organisms.They also supply and recycle nutrients as well as enable a growing fish population, along with other species, for a healthy and diverse ecosystem.However, the ri
2、se in average water temperatures due to climate change has resulted in more frequent and long-time “coral bleaching (珊瑚白化)” events that damage their health, causing fish and other sea species to abandon them.In order to restore this delicate ecosystem, scientists from the UK and Australia conducted
3、a study that involved using loudspeakers underwater near damaged coral reefs to make them sound healthy and attract fish, potentially kick-starting the natural recovery process of coral reefs and their dependent life forms.The location for this experiment was the Great Barrier Reef in the Coral Sea,
4、 found alongside the east coast of Queensland, Australia.The site is noted to have the largest coral reef system in the world.“Healthy coral reefs are remarkably noisy places the crackle of snapping shrimp and the whoops and grunts of fish.Young fish concentrate on these sounds when theyre looking f
5、or a place to settle，” said Steve Simpson, study co-author and a professor at the University of Exeter, UK.By using loudspeakers to copy such sounds, parts of dead coral reefs were found to attract twice as many fish, compared to places where no sounds were played.“These returning fish are crucial f
6、or coral reefs to function as healthy ecosystems.Boosting fish population in this way could help to kick-start natural recovery processes, preventing the damage were seeing on many coral reefs around the world，” said lead author, Tim Gordon.语篇解读：由于海水温度的上升，深海珊瑚的生态遭到破坏。科学家通过实验研究发现，在珊瑚礁旁边放置扬声器以吸引海洋生物对于
7、恢复珊瑚的生态卓有成效。1What causes the phenomenon of coral bleaching?ADiverse species.BNoise pollution.CFishing industry.DClimbing temperatures.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第一段第三句可知，是气候变化所引起的海水温度的上升导致了这种白化现象。2What approach is introduced to recover the coral reefs?ARemoving damaged coral reefs.BUsing loudspeakers to keep fish
8、 away.CBuilding new homes for sea species.DPlaying certain sounds to attract fish.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，为恢复珊瑚生态，科学家在遭破坏的珊瑚附近放置扬声器，以吸引鱼类。即通过播放声音来吸引鱼类。3Why are Steve Simpsons words quoted?ATo provide some findings of the study.BTo show the progress of the experiment.CTo explain reasons for the new app
9、roach.DTo give another solution to the problem.解析：选C细节理解题。根据前两段内容可知，鱼儿会离开不健康的、遭到破坏的珊瑚。为了吸引鱼类，科学家们在这些珊瑚附近放置扬声器。再结合第三段第一句可知，健康的珊瑚礁是非常热闹的地方，各种海洋生物很多。由此可推知，此处引用这位教授的话是为了解释在受损珊瑚礁旁边放置扬声器这一新方法的原因。4What can we infer from the last paragraph?AThe attempts are in vain.BNatural recovery is impossible.CInitial s
10、uccess has been achieved.DThe coral reefs have returned to normal.解析： 选C推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句可知，通过用扬声器复制一些声音，部分死亡的珊瑚礁吸引了更多的鱼类，由此可推知，珊瑚生态保护已经初见成效。BIt seems we cant get off the planet fast enough.Two thirds of NASAs money is spent on manned space exploration, and that number will grow with the USAs decision
11、 to send a man to Mars in 2037.Weve seen all there is to see on Earth, right? Wrong.The final place is here, under the surface of the sea.Heading down into the ocean, human limits are quickly reached.At 200 metres, the water is as black as a moonless night.Most nuclear submarines (核潜艇) would implode
12、 (内爆) before they reach 1 km down.At 3 km still less than the average depth of the ocean theres a good chance that youll discover a new species.The deepest-diving whales go no further.At the very bottom, about 11 km down, lies the Challenger Deep, the deepest part of the Mariana Trench in the Pacifi
13、c Ocean.Eighteen humans have walked on the Moon, but only three have seen the Deep with their own eyes.Yet things live down there.Big things.A very loud sound was once heard and scientists suggested that it was produced by an animal bigger than a blue whale, the largest creature known on the planet.
14、In the late 1990s, a deep-water submarine was dropped in the Southern Ocean, and passing 4,000 metres, it discovered something huge passing under it.Surprised? Dont be.The ocean covers 70% of the planets surface and weve studied less than 5% of it.We know more about the dark side of the Moon than ab
15、out the bottom of the sea.One reason that we explore space is to find evidence of other life forms.The search for life outside of Earth is important, but robots can look under the dry rocks of Mars better than humans.Theyre absolutely important for doing ocean research too, but they cant look under
16、the sea.The cost of exploration is rising, but the results would benefit all our lives.Understanding the oceans will help us find new sources of food, drugs and energy.Perhaps now its time to begin a new period of sea exploration.Manned exploration of space is science fiction (科幻小说)The adventure of
17、the deep sea is science fact.语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。作者在文中讨论了进行海洋探索的重大意义。5What do the examples in Paragraph 2 suggest?ASea exploration is no easy task.BNuclear submarines need to be improved.CThe ocean is far deeper than people expected.DThe condition under the sea is similar to that on the Moon.解析：选A推理判断题。第二
18、段列举各个深度海洋的情况是为了说明海洋探索不是一件容易的事。6What do we know about the Challenger Deep?ABlue whales live there.BNo one has ever been there.CPeople are terrified by the sight of it.DIt is the deepest known location on Earth.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第二段中的“the Challenger Deep, the deepest part of the Mariana Trench in the Pacif
19、ic Ocean”可知，挑战号深渊是地球上目前已知的最深的海底。7What does the author think of the discovery in the Southern Ocean?AIts surprising. BIts no wonder.CIts worrying. DIts no success.解析：选B推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Surprised? Dont be .the bottom of the sea.”可推测，作者认为南冰洋中可能存在比蓝鲸更大生物的发现不足为奇。8What does the author want to tell us?ASpace
20、exploration is of little value.BWe spend too much money on space travel.CHumans success lies in how much they explore the sea.DThe ocean is the place where we should make our efforts.解析：选D主旨大意题。作者在文章第一段就点明自己的观点：The final place is here, under the surface of the sea，并在接下来的段落中具体论述海洋探索的重大意义。由此可知，D项概括了文章
21、主旨。.阅读七选五By the end of the 15th century many things were changing in Europe.The population started to grow more quickly and a new class of merchants came up.They wanted to buy and sell expensive and valuable products from Asia, like gold, jewels and silk.In those days, people had no refrigerators to
22、 preserve their food._9_ To make food taste better they used spices, like pepper._10_ But in the 15th century the overland passageways were being controlled by the Turkish Empire, which made it even more difficult for European merchants to pass through.As a result, some European countries, like Spai
23、n and Portugal, decided to find out if there was a sea passageway to India.At the end of the 15th century the Portuguese started to explore the west coast of Africa._11_ In 1487, the Portuguese explorer Bartholomeu Dias sailed around the southern part of the continent and got as far as the east coas
24、t of Africa, but a storm made him turn back._12_ The Portuguese named it the Cape of Good Hope because they were hopeful of finding a passageway to India.In 1497, Vasco Da Gama set out from Lisbon, sailed around the Cape of Good Hope and into the Indian Ocean._13_ He took some spices and gold back w
25、ith him to prove that he had reached India.AHe reached the west coast of India the next year.BThey dried meat and used salt to make it last longer.CThey set up trading posts and collected gold and silver.DOn his return voyage, he saw a piece of land stretching out into the sea.EFor centuries Europea
26、ns brought these goods on a land passageway from Asia.FThey were convinced that by sailing around it they would find a passageway to India.GWith the help of advanced ships and instruments，they started the Age of Exploration.语篇解读：本文主要介绍了欧洲人为了开辟到亚洲的海上通道而进行的海上航行。9选B空格前一句谈到了在过去，人们没有冰箱储存食物，因此，本句承接上一句的内容，
27、为了让食物(肉)保存久一点，人们就将肉风干或用盐将肉腌制起来，故选B。10选E第一段谈到了欧洲人需要商品如黄金、珠宝、丝绸以及香料，商人就从亚洲通过陆路运到欧洲，空格后一句有but转折，谈到陆路逐渐被土耳其帝国控制，导致走陆路非常困难了。因此，空格处起承上启下的作用，E符合语境。11选F本段第一句谈到在15世纪末，葡萄牙人开始探索非洲西海岸。设空处解释他们为什么要探索这条海上航线，因为他们相信通过这条线，他们能够找到到达印度的海上通道。12选D空格前一句谈到Bartholomeu Dias 已经航行到了非洲东海岸，但是他们遇到了海上风暴，本句承接上文，在他们回航的时候，他们看见了一块突出在海上
28、的陆地。D项中的return与空格前一句的“made him turn back”相呼应，因此选D。13选A空格前一句谈到在1497年，航海家Vasco Da Gama绕过好望角到达了印度洋，故A项能承接上文。A项中的“the next year”与空格前一句的“in 1497”存在先后关系，也暗示了答案。.完形填空“I have no idea what to get you this New Year，” my husband Larry said.I _14_ with a knowing smile as the same _15_ to me in finding him somet
29、hing._16_ we liked remembering each other with gifts on holidays, we had reached the _17_ in lives where we didnt need more things.Actually, we were _18_， clearing out and getting rid of unneeded stuff.Then an online article about schools having to turn away some children from receiving _19_ for the
30、y had no money to pay attracted me.“Lets each give money to the school for our presents，” I said, _20_ the article with Larry.“Great idea.Its also a _21_ to pay it forward，” Larry smiled.When our children were small, Larry and I were _22_， losing sources of income.During the hard time, we _23_ to pa
31、y any bill.It wasnt easy for us to ask for help, as wed been brought up on principles of _24_.Someone then offered a hand.I visited our local elementary school, and explained wed like to help children who couldnt _25_ their lunches.The lady taking charge looked first _26_ and then pleased.She accept
32、ed our gift of cash with thanks.“This will make a big _27_ to so many children，” she said._28_ there werent as many presents in our room, but it was one of our best New Years.语篇解读：新年临近，作者和丈夫商量，不再为对方买节日礼物，而是把这笔钱拿来资助当地小学的贫困学子，让他们能在学校吃上午餐。14A.interrupted BcomplainedCleft Dresponded解析：选D根据语境可知，此处表示作者用一个
33、会意的微笑回应丈夫Larry, respond “作出反应，回应”。15A.related BreturnedCapplied Dappealed解析：选C根据下文可知，作者和丈夫两人都为选礼物发愁。此处表示作者自己也遇到了同样的问题，即不知道新年该给丈夫买什么礼物。apply表示“(对)适用，(对)有效”，the same applies to .表示“也是一样”。16A.Because BWhileCIf DUnless解析：选B根据语境可知，尽管作者和丈夫喜欢在节日时送对方礼物，但他们已经到了不需要更多东西的阶段。前后分句之间是让步关系，故用While “虽然，尽管”。17A.stage
34、 BbalanceCagreement Dedge解析：选A参见上题解析。stage “时期，阶段”。18A.passing down Bhanding outCcutting back Dlaying off解析：选C根据上文的“where we didnt need more things”和下文的“clearing out and getting rid of unneeded stuff”可知，作者他们在减少东西。19A.support BeducationCbooks Dmeals解析：选D根据下文的“who couldnt _ their lunches”可知，一些孩子因为支付不起
35、而吃不上学校的午饭(meals)。20A.analyzing BpraisingCsharing Dcommenting解析：选C结合语境可知，作者在跟丈夫说话时把自己看到的文章分享(sharing)给了他。21A.reminder BchanceCpromise Dreason解析：选B根据下文的“It wasnt easy for us to ask for help .Someone then offered a hand”可知，几年前，作者一家曾得到了别人的帮助，所以Larry认为这也是一个传递爱的机会(chance)。22A.unemployed BdisconnectedCsick
36、 Dalone解析：选A根据下文的“losing sources of income”可知，作者和Larry在他们的孩子还小的时候失业了，失去了经济来源。23A.managed BintendedCrefused Dfailed解析：选D根据上文的“losing sources of income”和下文的“Someone then offered a hand”可知，作者他们无法支付任何账单。fail “未能(做到)”。24A.independence BgenerosityCresponsibility Dinsistence解析：选A根据上文的“It wasnt easy for us
37、to ask for help, as wed been brought up on principles”可知，作者和丈夫从小都被教导要恪守独立自主的生活准则，因此对他们来说向人求助不是一件容易的事。independence “自主，自立”。25A.cook Bprovide Creserve Dafford解析：选D根据上文的“for they had no money to pay”可知，作者想要帮助支付 (afford) 不起学校午餐的孩子。26A.touched Bsurprised Cexcited Dafford解析：选B结合语境可知，负责人一开始很惊讶(surprised)，然
38、后很高兴。27A.decision Bpriority Cdifference Dpush解析：选C作者的捐赠会给很多孩子带来巨大影响。make a difference表示“起作用；有影响”。28A.Probably BObviouslyCGenerally DHopefully解析：选B作者和丈夫为对方准备的新年礼物是帮助贫困孩子，所以他们房间里的礼物显然没有之前多了，但这是他们最好的新年之一。obviously “显然，明显地”。.语法填空Chinas Wukong, a _1_ (full) autonomous submersible(潜水器)that was developed b
39、y Harbin Engineering University, has reached a maximum underwater depth of 7,709 metres, _2_ (set) a new diving record for domestic autonomous underwater vehicles.Wukong returned to its home port of Qingdao, Shandong Province on Thursday after completing _3_ third phase of its deep-sea trial.During
40、this years deep-sea scientific expedition (探险) in the Western Pacific Ocean _4_ (organise) by the National Deep Sea Centre of China from February 24 to April 1, Wukong had successfully reached a maximum deep-sea diving depth record of 7,709 metres, _5_ broke its previous record of 5,213 metres.Capab
41、le _6_ full-ocean depth, it dived 5,000 metres and 7,000 metres respectively during the sea trials and retrieved (回收) water samples, laying a solid _7_ (found) for 11,000-metre submersible tests.This is the second _8_ (deep)record in the world after the one set by the Russian Vityaz-DAUV.Wukong, 2 m
42、etres long, 1 metre wide and 1.3 tons in weight, completed two sea trials at a 1,500-metre depth in 2019.Autonomous underwater vehicles _9_ (see) as one of the key emerging technologies in future naval warfare.But so far the complexity of this solution _10_ (mean) that no country in the world has fi
43、elded them operationally.语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述中国哈尔滨工程大学研制“悟空”号全自动潜水器创下了国内自主潜水器的潜水新纪录。1fully考查副词。修饰形容词autonomous要用副词fully。2setting考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句子谓语为has reached，和空处动词无连词连接，所以空处为非谓语动词，且set和其逻辑主语Chinas Wukong之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。3the考查冠词。修饰序数词third要用定冠词the。4organised考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句子谓语为had reached，和
44、空处动词无连词连接，所以空处为非谓语动词，且organise和其逻辑主语expedition之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。5which考查定语从句。 分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词record of 7,709 meters，且引导词在从句中作主语，所以用which引导。6of考查介词。表示“能够做某事”为be capable of，所以空处用介词of。7foundation考查名词。 分析可知，此处形容词solid修饰名词，表示“基础”为foundation，且前面有冠词a修饰，应用单数。8deepest考查形容词最高级。这是继俄罗斯Vityaz-DAUV
45、之后的世界第二深的记录。 所以second 后跟deep的最高级形式。9are seen考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析可知，句子表达的是现在的情况，且主语Autonomous underwater vehicles和谓语动词see之间是被动关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是复数，谓语也要用复数。10has meant考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析可知，mean这一动作从过去持续到现在，有可能持续下去，所以用现在完成时，表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响，the complexity为主语，故谓语用单数形式。.应用文写作假定你是红星中学的高一学生李华，你刚刚做了一个关于“保护海洋”的科学
46、课题，请给英国朋友Jim写信向他介绍相关内容：1目前海洋面临的问题；2问题出现的原因；3解决措施。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 参考范文： Dear Jim，How is everything going there?Recently, I just have finished my science subject which is about Ocean Conservancy.It is said that our oceans are facing unprecedented pollution.Abundant marine resources ar
47、e being depleted, and artificial waste kills countless ocean lives every year.There are two main reasons for these problems.First of all, the discharge of untreated industrial waste water from coastal industries is the main cause of serious pollution of coastal marine water quality.Second, overfishing in the fishing industry destroys the ocean life chain.Therefore, I think the government should strengthen the supervision of the coastal enterprises and set up the closed season to ensure the fish breeding.Yours，Li Hua
