1、Section Word power & Grammar and usage根据提示写出下列单词1_ n交通运输系统；交通工具；运输 vt. 运输，运送2_ n. 公民；居民3_ n. 背心，汗衫；坎肩4_ n. 内衣5_ n. 水壶，(烧水用的)壶6_ adv. 否则，不然【答案】1.transport2.citizen3.vest 4underwear5.kettle6.otherwise看单词学构词：前缀trans表示“在/到的另一边；横穿，横贯；在之间的”等含义，或表示变化等。这样的词有：transform使改观，使变形，使转化；transplant移植；transgenic转基因的；
2、transnational跨国的，在多国经营的；transparent透明的等。根据提示补全下列短语1get _随意走走；旅行；传播，流传2_ friends 交朋友3_ sightseeing 去观光，去游览4look forward _ 盼望，期望5as._ possible 尽可能地6come _ with 想出，提出7get _ 穿好衣服8protect._. 保护免遭危害9_ ones advice 听从某人的建议10_ the way 顺便问一下【答案】1.around2.make3.go4.to5.as6.up7.dressed8.from9.follow10.by根据提示补全下
3、列教材原句1When_choosing a city to host the Olympics，there are certain things we need to consider.当选择一个主办奥运会的城市时，我们必须要考虑某些事情。2The_chosen_city should also have plenty of good hotels and must have an international airport nearby.被选择的城市还应该有许多好宾馆，而且在附近必须有国际机场。3Reading_a_book on winter swimming will also be h
4、elpful.读关于冬泳的书也是很有帮助的。 come up with 想出，提出(主意、计划、回答等)(教材P27)When you have finished，try to come up with two more events for each category.当你完成后，再为每一类想出两个比赛项目。I hope you can come up with a good solution to the problem.我希望你能想出一个解决问题的好办法。come about发生come across (偶然)遇见/发现come up 被提出；出现；长出地面come out 出来；长出；
5、出版；结果是come to 共计；达成；苏醒Is this your necklace，Mary? I came across it when I was cleaning the bathroom this morning.玛丽，这是你的项链吗？我今天早上打扫浴室的时候看到的。How did this situation come about?这种情况是怎样发生的？ transport n交通运输系统；交通工具；运输 vt.运输，运送(教材P29)Public transport ought to be convenient.公共交通应该是方便的。They believe that ther
6、e are transport developments around the corner that will bring a lot of changes for the better.他们相信交通的发展已经近在眼前了，那会带来很多更好的变化。(1)transport.(from.)to.把(从)运到(2)transportation n. 运输A bus transported us from the airport to the city.一辆公共汽车把我们从飞机场送到城里。Five basic modes of transportation(transport)are water t
7、ransport，rail transport，truck transport，air transport and pipeline transport.五种基本的运输方式是水路运输、铁路运输、汽车运输、航空运输和管道运输。明辨异同transport/traffictransport作“交通”讲，指交通运输系统、运输工具。traffic作“交通”讲，指路上的行人、车马，着重指数量的多少。故“交通拥挤，交通中断”中的“交通”都用traffic。transport，trafficWe ran out of gas right in the middle of the main street and
8、 blocked trafficMy husband is using my car，so I have no means of transport get dressed穿上衣服(教材P29)That sounds like a great idea，but Ill have to take a shower and get dressed.那听起来是个好主意，但我得洗澡，穿衣服get 过去分词：(1)连系动词get后跟过去分词与被动语态相似，此时get相当于be。(2)“get过去分词”结构常用来谈论突然发生、不期而遇和偶然出现的事情。(3)“get过去分词”结构有时表示主语自己做的动作而
9、非被动的动作，用于谈论自己所做的事情。如get dressed (穿衣)，get washed(洗脸)，get lost(迷路)，get married(结婚) 等。The picture got damaged when we were moving.我们搬家时，那张画被碰坏了。They must have got_lost他们一定是迷路了。Rachel and David are getting_married on Saturday.雷切尔和戴维将在星期六结婚。 otherwise adv.否则，不然(教材P31)Otherwise，you may hurt yourself.否则，你可
10、能会伤着你自己。Youd better put things back in place.Otherwise，it will be difficult to find them.你最好把东西放回原处，不然很难找到它们。otherwise还可表示虚拟条件，这时，其后的句子中使用虚拟语气。We were delayed at the airport.Otherwise we would_have_been here by lunch time.我们在机场耽搁了，否则午饭前就可以到这里了。.语境填词1Goods were _ by horses in the old days in this rem
11、ote area，so the rail _ is essential for its business.(transport)2She _ her daughter，then took out some of her beautiful _，chose one and got _ quickly.(dress)3Your _ is buying a car.Now that your economic situations are _ to you，you can buy one.If necessary，I can do you a _(favour)4The town is always
12、 full of _ in summer，most of whom like cycling _ to relax themselves，so it depends on _ for much of its income.(tour)5Someone _ that houses should be built on this site，but the committee rejected the _(suggest)【答案】1.transported；transport2.dressed；dresses；dressed3.favourite；favourable；favour 4tourist
13、s；tours；tourism5.suggested；suggestion.选词填空make friends；look forward to；as.as possible；get around；come up with；get dressed；by the way1_ the future，we hope to expand our overseas branches.2Public transport provides a cheap way to _ in Beijing.3He decided to _ with most of the classmates in the class.4
14、Try to make your poster _ attractive _5Although against my opinion，the old professor didnt _ his own.【答案】1.Looking forward to2.get around 3make friends4.as；as possiblee up with(教材P29)The_chosen_city should also have plenty of good hotels and must have an international airport nearby.被选择的城市还应该有许多好宾馆，
15、而且在附近必须有国际机场。【要点提炼】chosen在句中作前置定语，修饰city。过去分词作定语的具体用法：(1)过去分词作定语，在语态上，表被动；在时间上，表示动作已经发生或完成，与它所修饰的名词有逻辑(意义)上的动宾关系。即所修饰的名词或代词是过去分词动作的承受者。(2)单个的过去分词作定语时多前置，过去分词短语作定语时只能后置。作后置定语的过去分词短语相当于一个定语从句。We needed many more qualified workers.我们需要更多的合格的工人。When he woke up，he saw the risen sun through the window.醒来时
16、，他透过窗户看到了升起的太阳。The girl is reading a book written_by Guo Jingming.那位女孩正在读一本郭敬明写的书。 (教材P31)Reading_a_book_on_winter_swimming will also be helpful.读关于冬泳的书也是很有帮助的。【要点提炼】句中Reading a book on winter swimming是动名词短语作主语。(1)动名词和动词不定式都可作主语。动名词作主语表示抽象概念；动词不定式作主语表示具体的某一行为。(2)动名词作主语时，当表语是no use，no good，any good，f
17、un等名词(短语)或为useless，nice，good，interesting等形容词，常用it作形式主语，而将作主语的动名词后置。Ignoring the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.忽视这两个研究成果之间的差异将会是你犯的最糟糕的错误之一。Reading is important for you to learn English.阅读对你学习英语是很重要的。Its_no_use_arguing_with hershe wont listen.
18、跟她争论没用，她不会听的。名师点津不定式、动名词作主语时谓语动词常用单数。句型转换(每空一词)1The speech which was given by that professor was a great success.The speech _ _ _ _ was a great success. 【导学号：35812015】2Worrying about it is useless._ _ worrying about it.3When I was singing，I heard my name called._ _，I heard my name called.【答案】1.given
19、 by that professor2.Its useless3.When singing情态动词阅读下列句子并体会黑体部分的用法。1Today，both male and female athletes from around the world can take part，no matter what nation they come from.2I am sure the whole of China must have felt proud when Xu Haifeng won the first gold medal for his country.3At the ancient
20、Olympics，by tradition the athletes were all men and they had to compete wearing no clothes.情态动词作为谓语的一部分，无人称和数的变化(have to除外)，一般不能单独使用，要与谓语动词构成完整谓语；但在简略回答时，可单独使用。情态动词有can(could)，may(might)，must，have to，shall(should)，will(would)，dare，need，ought to等。1can和could(1)表示能力或客观可能性。can表示现在的能力，could主要指过去的能力。He is
21、 only four，but he can read.他才四岁，但已能读书。Could the girl read before she went to school?这女孩上学前能识字吗？He cant/couldnt have enough money for a new car.他不可能有足够的钱买新车。 (2)表示请求和允许。此时可与may互换。could语气更委婉，当表示允许某人做某事时，要用can而不用could。Can you help me finish this work tonight?你今晚能帮我完成工作吗？Could I use your telephone?我可以用你
22、的电话吗？Yes，of course you can.是的，当然可以。(3)表示“惊异、怀疑、不相信”的态度。(主要用在否定句、疑问句或感叹句中)This cant be done by him.这事一定不是他做的。Can this be true？这会是真的吗？How can you be so careless！你居然这么粗心！(4)“can(could)have过去分词”结构，常用于否定句和疑问句中，表示对过去发生的行为怀疑或不肯定。He cant have been to that town.他一定没去过那个城镇。You couldnt have left it on the bus，
23、could you?你不可能把它落在公共汽车上了吧？2may和might(1)表示许可。表示请求、允许时，might比may的语气更委婉一些。You may come if you wish.如果你想来，你就来。May I have a word with you，please?我可以跟你说句话吗？Might I say something?我能发言吗？名师点津对may的一般疑问句的肯定回答可用may或can，但作否定回答时要用mustnt或cant。May I smoke here?我可以在这里吸烟吗？No，you mustnt.Youd better not.不，不可以。你最好不要吸烟。(
24、2)表示推测、可能。可以指过去时间，也可以指现在时间，但语气不肯定。might所表示的可能性比may小。He may be very busy now.现在他可能很忙。Your mother may/might not know the truth.你妈妈可能不知道真相。(3)用于祈使句中表示祝愿。May you succeed！祝你成功！(4)“may(might)have过去分词”结构表示对过去发生的行为的推测。He may not have finished the work.他可能没完成工作。Tom hasnt come back yet.He may have missed the
25、bus again.汤姆还没有回来，他可能又没赶上班车。3must和have to(1)must表示“必须”，强调的是一种主观看法，也表示责任或义务；而have to表示“必须”时强调的是客观需要，have to可以用在更多的时态中。回答must引出的问句时，否定回答用neednt或dont have to，肯定回答用must。You must take your doctors advice.你必须采纳医生的建议。(主观看法)You must obey the rules.你必须遵守规则。(责任或义务)You will have to do it again.你将不得不再做一次。(客观需要)
26、Must we hand in our homework today?我们今天必须要交作业吗？Yes，you must./No，you dont have to.是的，你必须要交。/不，没必要。(2)“must动词原形”结构表示对现在情况的肯定推测，它的否定或疑问形式用cant。This must be your pen.这一定是你的钢笔。He must know my address.他肯定知道我的住址。He cant be at home.他不可能在家。(3)“must have过去分词”结构常用在肯定句中，表示对过去发生的行为的肯定推测，它的否定或疑问形式用cant/couldnt ha
27、ve done。Jack must have learned 3，000 English words so far.杰克到目前为止已经学了3 000个单词了。The thief cant have left without stealing anything yesterday.那个小偷昨天一定没有空手而归。(4)must还可表示“偏要”。表示说话人不耐烦，不满的情绪。Why must it rain on Sunday?为什么偏要在星期天下雨？Just as I was sitting down to supper，the telephone must ring.正当我坐下来用晚餐时，偏偏电
28、话铃响了。名师点津mustnt表示“禁止、不准”。You mustnt play with the knife；you may hurt yourself.你不可以玩刀子，你会伤到自己的。You mustnt tell him about it.你一定不要把这件事告诉他。4shall和should(1)shall用于第一、三人称的疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。Shall we begin our meeting?我们可以开始我们的会议了吗？Shall the boy wait outside?让那男孩在外面等吗？(2)shall用于第二、三人称的陈述句，表示说话人的意愿，有“
29、命令、允诺、警告、决心”等意思。You shall do as I say.你按我说的做。(命令)You shall have my answer tomorrow.你明天可以得到我的答复。(允诺)He shall be punished sooner or later，if he does it like this，I tell you.如果他这样做，迟早会受到惩罚的，我告诉你。(警告)Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan.什么也不能阻止我们执行这项计划。(决心)(3)should表示责任或义务，意为“应该”，用于各种人称，其同义词
30、是ought to，不过ought to语气比should稍重。You shouldnt always judge a man by his looks.你不应该总是以貌取人。Teachers should give students enough encouragement.老师们应该多鼓励学生。You oughtnt to smoke so much.你不应该抽这么多烟。(4)should表示有根据的推测，意为“可能，应该”，含有“按理应当”的意思。The film should be very good as it is starring firstclass actors.这部电影是一
31、流演员主演的，估计拍得很好。Its six now.She should come back at any time.现在六点钟了，她应该随时回来。(5)should表示意外或惊讶，意为“居然，竟然”。Im surprised that he should eat so little every day.我很吃惊的是他每天竟然吃那么少的饭。Amazing！You should wear slippers at work.真令人惊讶！你竟然穿着拖鞋上班。(6)“shouldhave过去分词”结构表示应该做某事而实际上没有做，“shouldnthave过去分词”表示“本来不应该做某事而实际上却做了
32、”。You should have started earlier.你本来应该早点动身。You shouldnt have left without saying a word.你不该一声不吭就走了。5will和would(1)表示意志或意愿。will指现在，would指过去，用于否定句表示“不肯，不乐意”。I will never do that again.我决不会再做那事了。(2)表示征求意见或提出请求。主要用于第二人称疑问句中，will和would均可用，would此时不表示过去，而是表示委婉语气。Will/Would you pass me the book?请你把书递给我好吗？(3
33、)will和would可分别表示现在和过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向，意为“总是；常常”。He will sit up there all night.他总是整夜坐在那儿。We would stay up all night talking about our future.那时候，我们常常彻夜谈论我们的将来。名师点津would和used to都可以表示“过去经常”，其区别在于：would主要表示与过去另一段时间相比，常与表示过去的时间状语连用，意为“总要，总是”，used to主要表示与现在的时间相比，意为“过去经常”。6dare和need(1)dare作情态动词时，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条
34、件从句中，一般不用于肯定句中。How dare you say Im unfair!你怎么敢说我不公平！He darent speak English before such a crowd.他不敢在这么多人面前说英语。I wondered whether he dare(to)say that.我想知道他是否敢这样说。(2)need表示“需要”。作情态动词时，用于否定句或疑问句中。“neednt have过去分词”结构表示“本来不必做某事而实际上做了”。You neednt come so early.你不必来这么早。Need I finish the work today?我必须今天完成作
35、业吗？Yes，you must.是的，必须完成。You neednt have waited for me.你本来没有必要等我的。名师点津(1)dare和need常作实义动词，有时态、人称和数的变化；在肯定句中dare和need后面常接带to的不定式；在否定句和疑问句中，dare和need后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。I dare to swim across this river.我敢游过这条河。He does not dare(to)answer.他不敢回答。Dont you dare(to)touch it？难道你不敢碰它吗？He needs to finish the work t
36、his evening.他需要今天晚上完成工作。Will we need to show our passport?我们需要出示护照吗？(2)need后面可跟动名词作宾语，主动形式的动名词具有被动含义，该动名词可以改为其动词不定式的被动形式而句子意义不变。The door needs painting.The door needs to be painted.那扇门需要油漆一下。7can和be able to(1)can只有现在时和过去时(could)两种形式；而be able to除现在时和过去时之外，还有将来时和完成时。He can speak English.他会讲英语。He will
37、be able to speak English very well some years later.几年后，他的英语会讲得非常好。(2)can既用于人，也用于其他事物作主语的句子中；be able to只用于有生命的名词、代词作主语的句子中。A computer cant think for itself.电脑本身不能进行思维活动。As I had plenty of money，I was able to help her.我的钱很宽裕，所以我能帮助她。(3)表示过去成功地做了某事时，只能用was/were able to，不能用could。The fire spread quickly
38、 but everyone was able to escape.大火蔓延得很快，但每个人都得以逃生。Yesterday I was able to get home before the heavy rain.昨天我在下大雨前赶到了家里。.单句语法填空1When we were children we _ go skating every winter.2Caroline _ have kept her word.I wonder why she changed her mind.3_ our two parties achieve even greater success in our b
39、usiness!4I hear they went skiing on the mountains last week. It _ be true because there was little snow there.5She _ have finished her work，or she wouldnt be enjoying herself by the seaside.【答案】1.would2.should3.May4.cant5.must.单句改错1We must found ways to protect our environment._2So real friendship s
40、hould able to stand all sorts of tests._3Meanwhile，I found out that with more patience I must make my toys last._4If you tell him a secret，never will he talks about it with anybody else._5I have been practising for three weeks now，but I still couldnt get used to itin fact，Ive nearly killed three people. 【导学号：35812016】_【答案】1.foundfind2.should后加be3.mustcould/might4.talkstalk5.couldntcant
