1、Section_Learning_about_Language_&_Using_Language原文呈现读文清障A VISIT TO THE MOONLast month I was lucky enough to have a chance to make a trip into space with my friend Li Yanping, an astronomer. We visited the moon in our spaceship！Before we left, Li Yanping explained to me that the force of gravity woul
2、d change three times on our journey and that the first change would be the most powerful. Then we were off. As the rocket rose into the air, we were pushed back into our seats because we were trying to escape the pull of the earths gravity. It was so hard that we could not say anything to each other
3、. Gradually the weight lessened and I was able to talk to him. “Why is the spaceship not falling back to the earth? On the earth if I fall from a tree I will fall to the ground.” I asked.“We are too far from the earth now to feel its pull，” he explained, “so we feel as if there is no gravity at all.
4、 When we get closer to the moon, we shall feel its gravity pulling us, but it will not be as strong a pull as the earths.” I cheered up immediately and floatedweightlessly around in our spaceship cabinwatching the earth become smaller and the moon larger.名词visit后接to，意为“到的旅行”，to为介词。have a chance to d
5、o sth.有机会做某事make a trip(take a tripgo on a trip)去旅行in our spaceship乘宇宙飞船，相当于by spaceship。spaceship/speIsIp/n.宇宙飞船explain sth. to sb.“向某人解释某事”。本句中explain的宾语是两个that从句，因太长而后移了。explain后不能直接跟sb.，须先接介词to。类似的词还有say, announce等。the force of gravity地心引力be off离开，起飞。在本句中相当于take off。push .back into .把推回到pull/pl/
6、n.&vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力pull down拆毁pull on/off匆忙穿上/匆忙脱掉so .that .如此以至于，引导结果状语从句。gradually adv.逐渐地；逐步地，渐渐地lessen/lesn/vi.&vt.减少；减轻fall back to 落回到be far from离很远get close to接近，靠近feel sb./sth.doing sth.感到某人/某物在做某事as strong a pull as为“asadj.a(n)n.as”结构。cheer up感到高兴；感到振奋float/flt/vi.&vt.(使)浮动；(使)漂浮n.漂浮物weightles
7、sly/weItlIslI/adv.失重地cabin/kbIn/n.小屋；船舱现在分词短语watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger作伴随状语。watch sb./sth. do sth.观察某人/某物做某事。月球之旅第12段译文我的朋友李彦平是一位天文学家，上个月我非常有幸有机会同他一起去太空旅行。我们乘宇宙飞船游览了月球！在起程以前，李彦平向我解释说，在我们的旅行中会有三次引力的改变，而第一次的改变将是最强的。随后我们就起航了。随着火箭升入太空，由于我们在努力挣脱地球的引力，我们被向后推在座位上。这种引力太强了，以至于我们彼此
8、间都不能说话了。渐渐地，这个力量慢慢减小，我才能够同他讲话。我问道：“为什么宇宙飞船不会落回到地球呢？在地球上的时候，如果我从树上掉下来，总会朝地上落下去的。”李彦平解释说：“现在我们离地球太远了，感觉不到地球的拉力，所以我们感觉好像完全没有地球引力了。当我们更接近月球时，就会感到月球的引力在拉我们。但是月球的引力不像地球的引力那么大。”我立刻感到很高兴，由于失重我在太空舱里飘来飘去，我望着(身后的)地球越来越小，而(前方的)月球越来越大。When we got there, I wanted to explore immediately. “Come on，” I said. “If you
9、 are right, my weight will be less than on the earth because the moon is smaller and I will be able to move more freely. I might even grow taller if I stay here long enough. I shall certainly weigh less！” I laughed and climbed down the steps from the spaceship. But when I tried to step forward， I fo
10、und I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over. “Oh dear，” I cried, “walking does need a bit of practicenow that gravity has changed.” After a while I got the hang of it and we began to enjoy ourselves.Leaving the moons gravity was not as painful as leaving the earths. But returning to
11、 the earth was very frightening.We watched, amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earths gravity increased. Again we were pushed hard into our seats as we came back to land. “That was very exhausting but very exciting too，” I said. “Now I know much more about gravity! Do yo
12、u think we could visit some stars next time？”“Of course，” he smiled, “which star would you like to go to？”come on快点儿。常用于祈使句中以鼓励某人，意为“动手吧；快点儿；加油”。step forward朝前走；迈步向前twice as far as“的两倍远”。倍数表示法：倍数(twice, three times .)asadj./adv.as。fall over跌倒；摔倒动名词walking在此处作主语。does为助动词，加强语气，意为“确实”，其后跟动词原形。now that既
13、然(引导原因状语从句)get the hang of 熟悉；掌握；理解enjoy oneself尽情地玩；玩得高兴break out 突发：爆发exhaust/Izst/vt.用尽；耗尽；使精疲力尽exhausting adj.令人精疲力尽的exhausted adj.感到精疲力尽的exhaustion n精疲力尽；用光，耗尽know在此处相当于understand，意为“理解，明白”。第34段译文我们到达月球时，我就想立即进行探测。“来吧，”我说，“要是你讲得对，我的重量就会比在地球上小，因为月球更小，而我就能更自由地活动了。如果我在月球上待的时间足够长的话，我甚至可能长得更高，我的体重肯定
14、也会变得更轻！”我笑着从宇宙飞船的梯级上爬下来。但当我试图往前走时，我发现自己被带到一个步幅相当于地球上两倍远的地方并且摔倒了。“天哪，”我大声说，“重力改变了，看来走路的确需要练一练了。”过了一会儿，我才掌握了走路的诀窍，我们这才开始感到自如了。摆脱月球引力不像摆脱地球引力那样痛苦。但是返回到地球的经历却是非常吓人的。我们惊奇地看着，随着地球引力的增加，宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起火。当我们回到地面时，我们又(感到)被重重地推回在座位上。我说道：“真是精疲力尽了，但也很激动人心。关于引力，我现在就懂得更多了！你认为下次我们可以去别的星球上游览吗？”“当然可以，”他笑着说，“你想到哪颗星球上去呢？”S
15、tep 1True (T) or False (F)1The spaceship cant fall back to the earth because it is too far away from the earth.()2When I was on the moon I felt I was heavier than I am on the earth.()3At the very beginning，the author felt strongest of the gravity of the earth.()答案：1.T2.F3.TStep 2Read the text and ch
16、oose the best answers.1The passage mainly talks about_.Awhat the moon isBmy visit to the moonCthe differences between the earth and the moonDLi Yanping, my friend, who is an astronaut2When we were going up, we felt_.Awe were pressed against our seatsBwe were lighter than we were on the earthCas if w
17、e were flyingDthe rocket was shaking strongly3Why cant the spaceship fall back to the earth?ABecause the moons gravity pulls it up.BBecause it is too far away from the earth.CBecause the earth has no gravity.DBecause the spaceship is not very heavy.4When I was on the moon I felt I was_than on the ea
18、rth.AslowerBheavierCcleverer Dlighter答案：14BABD一、这样记单词记得准写得对记得快记得多.基础词汇1.climaten气候 2.pulln&vt. 拉(力)，拖，牵引力3.floatvi.&vt. (使)浮动，(使)漂浮n. 漂浮物4.crashvi.&vt. 碰撞；坠落 5.satelliten. 卫星；人造卫星6.gravityn. 万有引力；重力7.spaceshipn. 宇宙飞船 .拓展词汇1.gentleadj.温和的；文雅的gently adv.温和地2.physicistn物理学家physics n物理学physical adj.物理的；
19、物理学的；体力的1.spaceship n宇宙飞船 记法名词名词名词space(太空)ship (船)spaceship (宇宙飞船 )联想由spaceship想到的websitewebsite(网址)homeworkhomework(家庭作业)airlineairline(航班)basketballbasketball(篮球)2.physicist n物理学家联想后缀ist名词荟萃biologist 生物学家chemist 化学家politician 政治家geologist 地质学家二、这样记短语记牢固定短语多积常用词块1.as_a_result结果2block_out 挡住(光线)3ch
20、eer_up 感到高兴；感到振奋4now_that 既然5get_the_hang_of 熟悉；掌握；理解6break_out (战争、火灾、疾病等的)突发；爆发7watch_out_for 密切注视；当心；提防1.make a trip去旅行 2in our spaceship 乘宇宙飞船3the force of gravity 地心引力 4fall back to 落回到 5get close to 接近，靠近 6step forward 朝前走，迈步向前 7fall over 跌倒，摔倒三、这样记句式先背熟再悟通后仿用1.When we get closer to the moon,
21、we shall feel its gravity pulling us, but it will not be as strong a pull as the earths. 当我们更接近月球时，就会感到月球的引力在拉我们，但是月球的引力不像地球的引力那么大。 原级比较的特殊句型：“as adj. a/an n. as”。I hope you can give them encouragement to live as_rich_and_full_a_life_as you do. 我希望你能给予他们鼓励，让他们和你们一样过着丰富多彩而充实的生活。2.But when I tried to
22、step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.但当我试图往前走时，我发现自己被带到一个步幅相当于地球上两倍远的地方并且摔倒了。倍数表达法之一：“倍数as形容词/副词原级as .”。As we all know, cats sleep twice_as_much_as people. 众所周知，猫睡觉的时间比人长一倍。3.We watched,amazedas fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earths gr
23、avity increased.我们惊奇地看着，随着地球引力的增加，宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起火。形容词作伴随状语，补充说明主语所处的状态。After the long journey, the three of us went back home, hungry_and_tired. 长途旅行之后，我们三人回到了家，又饿又累。1(教材P29)Other scientists believe that a comet crashedinto the earth long ago and caused the disappearance.其他科学家认为很久以前一颗彗星与地球相撞导致了(恐龙)灭绝。cr
24、ash vi.& vt.碰撞；坠落n.(汽车的)撞车事故；(飞机的)失事；撞击声crash into/onto .撞到上/里with a crash 轰隆一声A lot of passengers were killed in the train crash.许多旅客在火车车祸中丧生了。The car crashed into a big stone and burst into flames.汽车突然撞在一块大石头上并燃烧起来。The tree fell with a great crash all of a sudden.突然，那棵树哗啦一声倒了下来。语境串记He witnessed a
25、serious traincrash today. Two trains crashed into each other and let out a loudcrash.今天他目睹了一起火车相撞事故。两列火车彼此撞在了一起，发出了很大的爆裂声。2(教材P30)As the rocket rose into the air, we were pushed back into our seats because we were trying to escape the pullof the earths gravity.随着火箭升入太空，由于我们在努力挣脱地球的引力，我们被向后推在座位上。pull
26、 n& vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力 pull off脱(衣、帽等)pull through 康复；完成；使渡过难关pull in (火车)进站；(船)靠岸；驶向路边停靠pull up 停车；停住pull down 拆毁Pull the chestnut out of fire.谚语火中取栗。I didnt notice the train had already pulled in.我没有注意到火车已经进站了。The driver pulled up at the gate of our school.司机把车停在我们校门口了。3(教材P31)I cheered up immediately
27、and floated weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger.我立刻感到很高兴，由于失重我在太空舱里飘来飘去，我望着(身后的)地球越来越小，而(前方的)月球越来越大。cheer (sb.) up感到高兴；感到振奋(1)cheer sb. on(赛跑比赛中)以喝彩声鼓励某人；为某人加油(2)cheerful adj. 快乐的；高兴的；兴高采烈的cheering n. 欢呼，喝彩adj. 令人振奋的，令人高兴的cheers int. (用于祝酒
28、)干杯；再见；谢谢形象记忆I tried to cheer her up by telling her the good news.我把这个好消息告诉了她，想使她高兴起来。Friends will cheer you on when you are in trouble.朋友会在你有困难的时候鼓励你。She is so cheerful (cheer) that everyone likes her.她是一个快乐的女孩，每个人都喜欢她。语境串记The cheeringnews made the boy cheerful，which made his parents cheer uptoo.这个
29、令人振奋的消息使得这个小男孩高兴起来，他的父母亲也感到高兴。4(教材P31)“Oh dear，” I cried，“walking does need a bit of practice now thatgravity has changed.”“天哪，”我大声说，“重力改变了，看来走路的确需要练一练了。”now that既然(1)now that在意思和用法上同since，引导原因状语从句，口语中that可省略。Now that everyone is here, lets begin our meeting.既然大家都到齐了，我们就开始开会吧。Now_(that)/Since you ha
30、ve grown up, you should not rely on your parents.既然你长大了，就不应该依靠你的父母了。名师点津(1)引导原因状语从句的连词还有：since, because, as, considering(that), in that等。(2)引导原因状语的短语：due to, thanks to, because of, as a result of, owing to, on account of等。Ive been lucky in_that I have never had to worry about money.我很幸运，从来不必为钱发愁。5(教
31、材P31)We watched, amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earths gravity increased.我们惊奇地看着，随着地球引力的增加，宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起火。break out突发；爆发break away from脱离/挣脱break down 出故障；坏掉；失败；(健康等)垮掉break in 插话；破门而入break into 破门而入break up 打碎；结束After a fire broke outin the lab, a lot of equipment was
32、destroyed.实验室发生火灾后，很多设备被毁。He broke into the Palace Museum and stole many famous paintings.他闯进故宫博物院偷走了许多著名的绘画作品。Our plans have broken down,_so we have to start from the very beginning.我们的计划失败了，我们不得不从头再来。6watch out (for)密切注视；当心；提防watch over照看；看守keep a watch (for .) 守望()；注视()Watch out for the haze; it
33、may do great harm to us.当心这种雾霾天气，它可能对我们造成很大损害。The police are_keeping_a_watch on his movement.警方正密切注视着他的动向。She is watching over her sick child.她在照料自己生病的孩子。1When we get closer to the moon, we shall feel its gravity pulling us, but it will not be asstrong a pull as the earths.当我们更接近月球时，就会感到月球的引力在拉我们，但是
34、月球的引力不像地球的引力那么大。(1)句中as strong a pull as the earths属于“asadj.a/ann.as”结构，意为“像一样的”，其中的名词必须是可数名词的单数形式，此结构用于否定句中可用“not so/as .as .”结构。She is as good a teacher as her mother. 她和她妈妈一样是位好老师。(2)how, so, too也和as 一样用于上述的结构。即how/so/tooadj.a/an 可数名词单数You dont know how_difficult_a_problem this is.你不知道这是一道多么难的题。(
35、2)as .as结构的其他几种形式：as adj./adv.asas much 不可数名词asas many可数名词复数asWeve got food for as_many_people_as want it. 我们的食物，无论多少人吃都够了。2But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.但当我试图往前走时，我发现自己被带到一个步幅相当于地球上两倍远的地方并且摔倒了。(1)twice as far as .属于“倍数as形容词/副词原级as
36、 .”结构，是一种倍数的表示方法。This tree is three times as tall as that one.这棵树是那棵树的三倍高。(2)倍数表达法的常见结构： . timesThis book is three_times_as_long_as/twice_longer_than/three_times_the_length_of_that_one.这本书是那本书篇幅的三倍。The production of this year is twice that of last year.今年的产量是去年的两倍。The production now is three times w
37、hat it was ten years ago.现在的产量是十年前的三倍。名师点津(1)两倍用twice或double，三倍及三倍以上用 .times表达。(2)前面的倍数还可以是分数、百分数、小数等。(3)that/those of .多用于产量、生产等方面的比较，that/those指代前面的同名异物名词。.单句语法填空1After he waited for two hours, the train finally pulled in.2There must have been an angel watching over me that day.3Nobody knew when t
38、he fire broke out,_but they knew it was put out the next morning.4Cheer up! The people all over the country will help you rebuild your homes.5The motorcycle ran so fast that it crashed into the fence.补全句子1Now_that_dinner_is_ready,_wash your hands.既然晚饭准备好了，你去洗手吧。2I want to own as_large_a_house_as_her
39、s.我想拥有一所像她的那样的大房子。3There are five_times_more_books in our library than in yours.我们图书馆里的书比你们图书馆里的书多五倍。一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高本课语言点针对练习.单词拼写 1A truck went out of control and crashed (撞到) into the back of a bus.2He cheered (振奋) up at the thought of buying a new car.3The smell of new bread floated (飘动) up from t
40、he kitchen.4The train pulled (拉) in half an hour ago.5The waves gently (轻轻地) lap against the shore.6China has sent up many satellites (卫星) so far.7As we all know, Qian Xuesen is a famous physicist (物理学家)8He arrived home, exhausted (精疲力尽的).单句语法填空1We put a piece of cloth across the window to block out
41、 the sunlight.2She was always gentle with the children in the kindergarten, never hitting nor scolding them.3After fighting with his illness many years, the patient pulled through finally.4All the visitors were told to watch out for those dangerous animals while visiting the zoo.5What do you think o
42、f French?In my opinion, French is as difficult a subject as English.6We should try our best to cheer up those people after the disaster.7This river is three times longer (long) than that one, flowing across 11 provinces.8Watch out！There is a car coming!.选词填空1Now_that you wouldnt like to go there, yo
43、u can stay where you are.2It seems difficult at first, but youll soon get_the_hang_of it.3You have to watch_out because there are landmines (地雷) all over the place.4The atmosphere in the classroom relaxed after the teachers humorous talk cheered us up.5To our great disappointment, a war broke_out be
44、tween the two countries at last.本单元语言点温故练习.单句语法填空1It is said that the planet is the oldest in existence (exist)2The girls called out their names in turn.3Her sudden arrival prevented him from going (go) out.4It was undecided whether we will accept his offer about the plan.5WeChat make it possible fo
45、r us to live more convenient.6It remains to be seen whether it will do us harm or good. 7We did our best to cheer him on when he was about to give up.8If you go on working like that, you will break down sooner or later.9He is so clever that he worked out the problem in such a short time.10What he sa
46、id is of great importance to all of us.补全句子1If you have questions, youd_better_solve_them_in_time.如果你有问题，你最好及时解决掉。2They, in_their_turn,_gave some advice for the plan.他们接着为这项计划提了一些建议。3He wears sunglasses to protect_his_eyes_against/from the strong sunlight.他戴墨镜保护眼睛使其免受强烈的阳光的伤害。4These scientists have_
47、been_puzzling_about/over how to solve the environmental problem.科学家们一直苦思如何解决这个环境问题。5It_was_a_pity_(that) you didnt go to the talk. 很遗憾你没去听报告。6Cheer_up！Your troubles will soon be over.振作起来吧！你的烦心事总会过去的。7Li Mings mobile phone looked just the same as Zhang Huas, but it cost twice_as_much_as_his.李明的手机看起来
48、和张华的一样，但价格是他的两倍。8Youve made as_many_mistakes_as_I_have.你犯的错误和我犯的一样多。二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧.阅读理解Satellites are an important part of our ordinary lives. For example, the information for weather forecasts is sent by satellite. Some satellites have cameras which take photographs of the Earth to show how clouds
49、 are moving. Satellites are also used to connect our international phone calls.Computer connections of the World Wide Web and Internet also use satellites. Many of our TV programmes come to US through satellites. Airplane pilots also sometimes use a satellite to help them find their exact location.
50、We use satellites to send television pictures from one part of the world to another. They are usually 35,880 kilometres above the equator (赤道). Sometimes we can see a satellite in the sky and it seems to stay in the same place. This is because it is moving around the world at 11,000 kilometres an ho
51、ur exactly the same speed that the earth rotates (转动). A satellite must orbit the Earth with its antennae (天线) facing the earth. Sometimes, it moves away from its orbit, so there are little rockets on it which are used to put the satellite back in the right position. This usually happens about every
52、 five or six days.Space is not empty! Every week, more and more satellites are sent into space to orbit the Earth. A satellite usually works for about 1012 years. Satellites which are broken are sometimes repaired by astronauts or sometimes brought back to the Earth to be repaired. Often, very old o
53、r broken satellites are left in space to orbit the Earth for a very long time. This is very serious because some satellites use nuclear power and they can crash into each other.语篇解读：本文是一篇科普说明文。文章对各种卫星的用途、卫星工作的状态以及人们对已损坏卫星的处理办法进行了解释说明。1Which of the following is NOT done by satellites according to the
54、 passage?ASending information for weather forecasts.BTaking photographs of the Earth.CSending TV pictures.DProviding food for airplane pilots.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第一段和第三段首句不难看出，卫星可以传递天气预报信息、拍摄地球照片、传递电视图片等，但是没说为飞行员提供食物，所以选择D项。2Why does the satellite move around the world at the same speed as the Earth rotate
55、s?AIn order to take photographs.BIn order to stay in a certain position in the orbit.CIn order to move away from its orbit.DIn order to send television pictures.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第三段内容可以看出，卫星之所以用和地球自转相同的速度绕地球旋转，是为了保持在一定位置上。显然B项正确。3What does the underlined word “This” in the 3rd paragraph refer to?AA sate
56、llite.BA little rocket.CA satellite seems to stay in the same place in the sky.DThe satellite puts the rockets in the right position.解析：选C代词指代题。this在此替代前文的“Sometimes we can see a satellite in the sky and it seems to stay in the same place.”故选C项。4Which is true of satellites?AA satellite usually works
57、 for about 1012 years.BEvery time a satellite gets broken, it is brought back to the Earth to be repaired.CA broken satellite is never left in space.DBroken satellites often crash into each other.解析：选A细节理解题。根据最后一段不难看出A项正确。.语法填空Friendship is one of the most important things in everyones life. _1_ is
58、very difficult to find a better definition (定义) of friendship. A true friend is the person _2_ can share all our sadness and double all our happiness. He or she is always at our side to give us his or her help and comfort.Knowing how _3_ (value) friendship is, we should be very careful with our choi
59、ce of a friend. We should choose those people with a good character _4_ our friends, but we must try to avoid _5_ (make) friends with a bad man.Besides, we should forgive their mistakes and try to help them as much as possible.A true friend can always _6_ (trust), loved and respected. If you tell a
60、friend your secrets, he or she wont tell them to _7_. Friends share their joys and sorrows. They help each other when they are _8_ trouble, and cheer each other up when they are sad. _9_ most important thing is that a friend always understands you. In conclusion, _10_ you have made a good friend, do
61、nt forget him or her.语篇解读：作者在文中告诉我们如何选择朋友以及如何对待朋友。1It空格处为形式主语，真正的主语是空格后的不定式短语，故空格处填代词It。2who/that先行词person指人，关系词在从句中作主语，故用who/that引导定语从句。3valuable空格处在句中作表语，由此结合语境可知，形容词valuable符合题意。4as根据句意“我们应选择那些有优秀品质的人作为朋友”可知，空格处填介词as。5makingavoid后应该接动词ing形式作宾语。6be trusted主语是动作的承受者，故空格处应用被动语态。7others根据句意可知，others符合题意。8inin trouble为介词短语，意为“处于困境中”。故填介词in。9The空格后为形容词的最高级，故空格处填定冠词The。10if/when两个逗号之间为状语从句，结合句意“如果我们结交了一位好朋友(当我们结交了一位好朋友)”可知，应用if/when作状语从句的引导词。
