1、新知识预习探索观察下列句子，并体会画线部分的含义。Seen_from_above，the old town is a maze of canals，little bridges and tiny cobbled streets that tourists get lost in.They sit in small_circles in the square，with their babies on their backs，completely uninterested_in the tourists!Passed_from_father_to_son，the music has not cha
2、nged for eight centuries，and.A Dai family put us up in their home for a week.Everyone listened as if someone had_put_a_spell_on them.自我总结上述句子中，为过去分词作_，为短语动词作_。状语谓语过去分词和动词短语.过去分词(短语)作状语过去分词(短语)作状语是非谓语动词的重点之一，也是历年高考的重要考点之一，下面就对过去分词(短语)作状语的用法进行归纳。一、过去分词(短语)作状语的功能过去分词(短语)作状语，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态，即动作发生
3、时的背景或状况。1过去分词作状语表示被动的和完成的动作。Written in a hurry，this article was not so good.因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。(written in a hurry是过去分词短语作状语，表示这篇文章是被写的，而且“被写”的动作已经发生)2过去分词(短语)作状语，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语，此时应注意人称的一致，且主语是过去分词动作的承受者，即过去分词与主语之间是动宾关系，即被动关系。Caught in a heavy rain，he was all wet.因为淋了一场大雨，所以他全身湿透了。(caught in a heavy ra
4、in是过去分词短语作状语，它的逻辑主语是主句的主语he，即被大雨淋了)3过去分词(短语)作状语可转化为句子。(1)过去分词(短语)作时间状语，可转化为when、while或after等引导的时间状语从句。Seen from the top of the hill，the park looks more beautiful.When the park is seen from the top of the hill，the park looks more beautiful.从山顶上往下看，这座公园看起来更加漂亮。(2)过去分词(短语)作条件状语，可转化为if、once或unless等引导的条件
5、状语从句。Given another hour，I can also work out this problem.If I am given another hour，I can also work out this problem.再给我一个小时，我也能解出这道题。(3)过去分词(短语)作原因状语，可转化为as、since或because等引导的原因状语从句。Frightened by the noise in the night，the girl didnt dare to sleep in her room.Because the girl was frightened by the n
6、oise in the night，the girl didnt dare to sleep in her room.受到夜晚响声的惊吓，那姑娘不敢睡在她的房间。(4)过去分词(短语)作让步状语，可转化为although、though或even if等引导的让步状语从句。Exhausted by our climb，we continued our journey.Although we were exhausted by our climb，we continued our journey.我们虽然爬得很累，但我们仍然继续我们的旅程。(5)过去分词(短语)作伴随状语，一般可转化为并列结构。A
7、unt Wu came in，followed by her daughter.Aunt Wu came in，and she was followed by her daughter.吴大娘走进来，后面跟着她的女儿。【温馨提示】状语从句改为过去分词(短语)作状语时，有时还可保留连词，构成“连词过去分词(短语)”结构作状语。When given a medical examination,you should keep calm.当你做体检时，要保持镇静。4过去分词作状语时的位置(1)过去分词(短语)作条件、原因及时间状语时，通常放在句首；(2)作伴随、结果状语时，通常放在句末；(3)作方式状
8、语时，通常放在句末，有时也放在句首；(4)作让步状语时，通常放在句首，有时也放在句末。二、使用过去分词(短语)作状语时容易错的两种情况1忽视了分词作状语时其逻辑主语必须是主句主语。如果分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致，则可以用下列方法来修正：(1)给分词添加自己的主语，构成独立主格结构；(2)把分词改变语态(现在分词与过去分词转换)；(3)改为相应的状语从句来表达；(4)用 with 复合结构。例如：完成作业后，孩子们出去踢球了。Finished their homework，the children went out to play football.()改正后：Their homework
9、 finished，the children went out to play football.(独立主格结构)Having finished their homework,the children went out to play football.(改变了语态，用现在分词)After the children finished their homework，they went out to play football.(相应的状语从句)With their homework finished，the children went out to play football.(with 复合结
10、构)2有些含有分词的固定插入语，其逻辑主语不要求与主句主语一致，也就是说它们的主句主语与句子的主语没有语法关系。这类词常见的有：judging from/by(根据来判断)；generally/frankly/exactly speaking(一般来说/坦率地说/确切地说)；considering/taking.into consideration(考虑到)；including(包括)；supposing/suppose that(假使)；provided/providing(如果)；seeing(考虑到)等。Judging from his appearance，he is a wealth
11、y man.从外表看，他是一位富翁。Generally speaking，the more you pay，the more you get.一般来说，付出的越多，得到的就越多。.动词短语动词短语指的是由动词副词，动词介词，动词副词介词或动词名词介词等构成的动词词组。1动词副词 这类动词词组，有些可以作及物动词，也有些用作不及物动词。若为及物动词，其宾语为代词时，一定要将代词置于动词和副词之间；若宾语为名词时，可将其置于动词与副词之间，也可置于副词之后。不及物动词词组：give in屈服 break out爆发go down下降 break down(车等的)坏掉及物动词词组：give up放
12、弃 bring up抚养，教育give away出卖，捐赠 carry out执行A big fire broke out last night in that village.昨天晚上，在那村里突然发生了一场大火。The old couple are too old to bring up their little grandson.这对老夫妇老得不能再抚养他们的小孙子了。2动词介词 此类词组相当于及物动词，后跟名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。come across 偶然遇到care for关心，喜欢deal with处理result from由造成When he read the bo
13、ok，he came across many new words.当他读这本书时遇到了很多生词。The exam is coming，so the students are busy going over their lessons.考试就要来临，学生们正忙于复习功课。3动词副词介词此类词组介词后一定要接宾语。go in for 从事，爱好get down to 开始认真干look down upon 轻视live up to 达到；不辜负look forward to 盼望put up with 容忍make up for 弥补Lets hurry up，or we would not ca
14、tch up with the others.我们快点，否则我们会赶不上其他人。I cant put up with him any more.我再也不能忍受他了。4动词名词介词 此类词组中，名词为动词的宾语，而后面的介词也要跟宾语。但是当作为动词宾语的名词提前时，动词要用被动语态，后面形式不变。make use of.利用pay attention to.注意make fun of.取笑take advantage of.利用It is bad manners to make fun of others.取笑别人是不礼貌的。He took on a nurse to take care of
15、 his mother.他雇了一个护士来照顾他的妈妈。新思维随堂自测句型转换1Shown around the city,we were impressed by the citys new look.(表时间)_，we were impressed by the citys new look.2Tired out,they stopped to have a rest.(表原因)_，they stopped to have a rest.3Considered from this point of view,the question will be of great importance.(
16、表条件)_，the question will be of great importance.After we had been shown around the cityBecause they were tired outIf it was considered from this point of view4Warned of the danger,he still went skating on the thin ice.(表让步)_，he still went skating on the thin ice.5The professor entered,followed by his
17、 students.(表伴随)The professor entered,_.6When it is seen from the sky，our city is very beautiful.(表时间)_，our city is very beautiful.Though he was warned of the dangerand he was followed by his studentsSeen from the sky7Surprised at what had happened，he didnt know what to do.(表原因)_ at what had happened
18、，he didnt know what to do.8I wont attend his birthday party unless invited.(表条件)I wont attend his birthday party _.Because Tom was surprisedunless I am invited新写作技法点拨如何写介绍说明类文章1确定文体：客观说明事物特征。说明文是以说明为主要表达方式，用简洁明了的语言来解说事物、阐明事理，从而给读者提供知识的一种文体。写作时，要抓住事物的主要特征，说明的过程要讲究层次性和条理性。在写作中，可采用举例、比较、对比分析、叙述的方式来描述；不
19、需要发表个人的主张和见解；也不需要抒发个人的情感。2主体时态：客观介绍事物，多以一般现在时为主。3主体人称：第三人称。4内容要点：抓住事物特点，按逻辑顺序说明事物。新语法佳作构建假设你是李华，你的朋友李雷打算去台湾旅游，特来信向你了解台湾岛的有关情况。请根据下列提示，用英文写一封回信，并祝他旅途愉快。1台湾岛是我国最大的岛屿，位于福建省的东南部，北临东海，东临太平洋，西南面被南海环抱；2台湾岛面积约三万六千平方公里，人口两千多万；3自然资源丰富，香蕉、稻米、茶叶等农产品驰名中外；4风景优美，气候宜人，世界各地的游客纷至沓来。注意：1.词数120左右；2信的格式及开头已为你写好，不计入总词数；3
20、可根据内容要点适当增加细节，使行文连贯，符合逻辑。Dear Li Lei，Im glad to know that youre going to Taiwan Island._Yours，Li Hua【思路点拨】本篇写作要求以书信的形式介绍一个地点，时态应为一般现在时态。写作过程中要注意要点间的逻辑关系，使用适当的关联词，以使行文条理清楚。【词汇热身】1简要介绍_2在南面_3位于_4人口数量为_5富含_6国内外_a brief introductionon the south oflie/be locatedhave a population ofbe rich in.both at home
21、 and abroad【句式温习】1很乐意向你介绍一下台湾的情况。Id like to _.2台湾岛是我国最大的岛屿。Taiwan Island is _.3台湾位于福建东南部。Taiwan _ of Fujian.4台湾岛面积约三万六千平方公里。Taiwan _ about 36,000 square kilometres.give you a brief introduction to Taiwanthe largest island in our countryis located to the southeasthas an area of【连句成篇】范文：Dear Li Lei,Im
22、 glad to know that youre going to Taiwan Island.Id like to give you a brief introduction to it.Taiwan Island is the largest island in our country and it lies west of the Pacific Ocean.It lies on the south of the East Sea and the South Sea surrounds its southwest.It is located to the southeast of Fuj
23、ian.Taiwan has an area of about 36,000 square kilometres and it has a population of over 20,000,000.Its rich in natural resources.Agricultural products are famous both at home and abroad,such as bananas,rice,tea and so on.The scenery is so beautiful and the climate is so pleasant thattravelers from all over the world go there for a visit.Im sure youll have a good time there.Yours,Li Hua
