1、二十四选修8 Unit 1The written word(限时35分钟). 阅读理解A(2021安徽模拟)Louise Elisabeth Glck is an American poet. She won the 2020 Nobel Prize in Literature. Louise Glck was born in New York City. She grew up on Long Island. Her father, Daniel, an immigrant from Hungary, helped invent and market the X-Acto Knife. Gl
2、ck graduated in 1961 from George W. Hewlett High School. She went on to attend Sarah Lawrence College and later Columbia University; however, she did not graduate from either of them. Glck won the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry in 1993 for her collection The Wild Iris. Glck is the recipient of the Nation
3、al Book Critics Circle Award, the Academy of American Poets Prize, as well as numerous Guggenheim fellowships. She lives in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and was previously a Senior Lecturer in English at Williams College in Williams town, MA. Glck currently teaches at Yale University. She has also been
4、 a member of the faculty of the University of lowa and taught at Goddard College in Vermont. Glck is the author of twelve books of poetry, including: A Village Life (2009), Averno(2006), The Seven Ages (2001), Vita Nova (1999), Meadowlands (1996), The Wild Iris(1992), Ararat (1990), and The Triumph
5、of Achilles (1985). The first four books collects her early poetry. Glck has also published a collection of essays, Proofs and Theories: Essays on Poetry(1994). In 2001 Yale University awarded Louise Glck its Bollingen Prize in Poetry. Her other honors include the Lannan Literary Award for Poetry, t
6、he Sara Teasdale Memorial Prize(Wellesley, 1986), the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Anniversary Medal (2000), and fellowships from the Guggenheim and Rockefeller foundations and from the National Endowment for the Arts. A Village Life (2009) has been nominated(提名)for the Griffin Poetry Prize
7、. The latest collection, Faithful and Virtuous Night, was published in September 2014 and won the National Book Award for Poetry. She is a member of the American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters, and in 1999 was elected a Chancellor of the Academy of American Poets. In 2003 she was named as
8、 judge for the Yale Series of Younger Poets and served in that position through 2010. Glck was appointed the US Poet Laureate from 20032004, succeeding Billy Collins. 【文章大意】本文讲述了美国的女诗人露易丝格丽克(Louise Glck)获得了2020诺贝尔文学奖!文章还介绍了露易丝格丽克的生活经历和主要成就。1. What is the second paragraph mainly about?A. Glcks childh
9、ood. B. Glcks family. C. The X-Acto Knife. D. Glcks early life. 【解析】选D。主旨大意题。根据第二段内容可知, 本段讲述了露易丝格丽克出生于纽约市, 在长岛长大。父亲丹尼尔(Daniel)是匈牙利移民, 帮助发明和销售了X-Acto刀。1961年毕业于乔治休利特高中, 后来进入莎拉劳伦斯学院(Sarah Lawrence College)和哥伦比亚大学(Columbia University)学习, 然而, 她并没有从这两个学校毕业。因此推断本段讲述了Louise Glck的早年生活。故选D。2. When was Glck gi
10、ven the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry?A. In 1992. B. In 1993. C. In 2009. D. In 2020. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第三段的“Glck won the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry in 1993 for her collection The Wild Iris. ”可知, 1993年, 格丽克凭借诗集The Wild Iris获得普利策诗歌奖。故选B。3. What award did Faithful and Virtuous Night bring Glck?A. The 2020 Nob
11、el Prize in Literature. B. The Lannan Literary Award for Poetry. C. The National Book Award for Poetry. D. The National Book Critics Circle Award. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“The latest collection, Faithful and Virtuous Night, was published in September 2014 and won the National Book Award for Poetry. ”可知
12、, Faithful and Virtuous Night获得了国家图书诗歌奖。故选C。4. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?A. Billy Collins became the US Poet Laureate before Glck. B. Glck did well in her study during the university. C. A Village Life made Glck win the Griffin Poetry Prize. D. Glck has published twenty bo
13、oks of poetry. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Glck was appointed the US Poet Laureate from 20032004, succeeding Billy Collins. ”可知, 比利柯林斯在格丽克之前是美国的桂冠诗人。故选A。【知识拓展】普利策奖the Pulitzer Prizes普利策奖也称为普利策新闻奖。 1917年根据美国报业巨头约瑟夫普利策(Joseph Pulitzer)的遗愿设立, 二十世纪七八十年代已经发展成为美国新闻界的一项最高荣誉奖。现在, 不断完善的评选制度已使普利策奖成为全球性的一个奖项, 被称为“新闻界
14、的诺贝尔奖”。从最初的新闻奖, 普利策奖现在还设立了包括文学、艺术在内的综合奖项, 其影响力历久不衰。 2020年5月4日, 2020年普利策新闻奖公布, 新增“音频报道奖”。B(2021泰安模拟)Sam is a fourth-year student at Harvard Medical School, but poetry is still a big part of his life, now with a new teacher, Rafael Campo, who believes poetry can benefit every doctors education and wor
15、k. Rafael is a physician, professor and a highly respected poet. “Poetry is in every encounter(邂逅)with my patients. I think healing is really in a very great way about poetry. And if we do anything when were with our patients, were really immersing(使沉浸于)ourselves in their stories, really hearing the
16、ir voices. And, certainly, thats what a poem does, ”he said. Rafael worries that something important has been lost in medicine and medical education today:humanity, which he finds in poetry. To end that, he leads a weekly reading and writing workshop for medical students and residents(住院医生). He thin
17、ks medical training focuses too much on distancing the doctor from his or her patients, and poems can help close that gap. Third-year resident Andrea Schwartz was one of the workshop regulars. She said. “I think theres no other profession other than medicine that produces as many writers as it does.
18、 And I think that is because theres just so much power in doctors and patients interacting when patients are at their saddest. ” Not everyone believes thats what doctors should do, though. Rafael said, “I was afraid of how people might judge me, actually. In the medical profession, as many people kn
19、ow, we must always put the emergency first. But, you know, that kind of treatment, if its happening in the hospital, very regrettably, sadly, results in a bad outcome. The family is sitting by the bedside. The patient hasnt survived the cancer. Dont we still have a role as healers there?”In a poem t
20、itled “Health”, Rafael writes of the wish to live forever in a world made painless by our incurable joy. He says he will continue teaching students, helping patients and writing poems, his own brand of medicine. 【文章大意】这是一篇新闻报道。诗歌不只是文人墨客的专属, 它还为前赴后继的医护人员带来内心的慰藉, 它是医护工作中的润滑剂, 是治愈伤痛的“良药”。5. What do we
21、know about Rafael Campo?A. He works as a doctor. B. He is under medical care. C. He is a literature professor. D. He knows little about poetry. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第一段Rafael is a physician可知, Rafael Campo是一名医生。故选A。6. What does the author try to show in Paragraph 2?A. The importance of medical training. B
22、. The effect of poetry in medical treatment. C. The similarity involved in poetry and medical work. D. The present relationship between patients and doctors. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第二段Poetry is in every encounter with my patients和thats what a poem does可知, 作者想通过第二段表达诗歌和医护工作的相通之处。故选C。7. What does Andrea Schwa
23、rtz think of poetry?A. It comforts patients family. B. It contributes to medical work. C. It has nothing to do with doctors. D. It keeps doctors away from patients. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据倒数第三段And I think that is because theres just so much power in doctors and patients interacting可知, Andrea Schwartz认为诗歌有助于
24、医生和病人之间的互动, 医生和病患关系紧密就有助于医疗效果, 由此判断出, Andrea Schwartz认为诗歌有利于医疗工作。故选B。8. What is Rafael Campos view on poetry?A. It requires a lot of spare time. B. It can provide a useful tool for doctors. C. It has little effect on patients conditions. D. It should be included in emergency treatments. 【解析】选B。推理判断题
25、。根据第一段Rafael Campo, who believes poetry can benefit every doctors education and work及最后一段He says he will continue teaching students, helping patients and writing poems, his own brand of medicine. 可知, Rafael Campo认为诗歌对医生来说是一个有用的工具。故选B。【知识拓展】长难句分析And I think that is because theres just so much power i
26、n doctors and patients interacting when patients are at their saddest. 【分析】该句为复合句。think后是宾语从句, 从句中because引导的是表语从句, when引导的是时间状语从句。【译文】我认为这是因为当病人最难过的时候, 医生和病人之间的互动是如此强大。. 完形填空(2021上海模拟)Dear 1, It is the first time for my beloved son to step out of his home where he is happy and safe. The school life
27、is going to be strange and 2 to him for a while. And I wish you would take care of him with enough 3. So far, hes been 4 of his own room. Hes been boss of the back yard. I have always been around to repair his wounds, and to 5 his feelings. 6, things seem to be different now. Today, he is required t
28、o walk down the front steps, say goodbye to me and start on his great 7 that will probably include wars, tragedy and 8. To live his life in the world in which he has to live will 9 faith, love and courage. So, World, I wish you would take him 10 his young hand and teach him things he will have to kn
29、ow. Teach himbut gently, if you can. Teach him that for every scoundrel (恶人), there is a 11; that for every dishonest politician, there is a 12 leader; that for every enemy, there is a friend. Teach him the wonders of books. Give him quiet time to 13 the mysteries of birds in the sky, bees in the su
30、n, and flowers on the green hills. Teach him it is far more honorable to 14 than to cheat. Teach him to have 15 in his own ideas, 16 everyone else tells him they are wrong. Teach him to 17 his strength and brains to the highest bidder (投标人), but never to put a price on his heart and soul. Teach him
31、to close his ears to a 18 crowd, and to stand and 19 if he believes hes right. Teach him kindly, World, but dont spoil him, because only the 20 of fire makes fine steel. This is a big order, World, but see what you can do. He is such a nice little fellow. Yours, Sally【文章大意】这是一封书信。作者爱子心切, 以书信的方式希望这个世
32、界能够教导自己深爱着的儿子, 亲切地带着善意地教会他必须知道的事情。1. A. World B. SchoolC. HeadmasterD. Friend【解析】选A。根据第四段第一句话“So, World, I wish you would take him. . . ”可知, 这封信是写给这个世界的。2. A. interestingB. amazingC. challengingD. concerning【解析】选C。根据上文“It is the first time for my beloved son to step out of his home where he is happy
33、 and safe. ”可知, 作者的儿子第一次走出幸福又安全的家, 这个世界对于他来说是奇怪并具有挑战性的。3. A. determinationB. kindness C. patienceD. courage【解析】选B。根据后文的“Teach him kindly, World, ”和“Teach him but gently, ”可知, 作者希望这个世界能够带着善意, 温柔地教导自己的儿子, 故选B项kindness, 与后文相呼应。4. A. managerB. monitorC. kingD. instructor【解析】选C。根据后面一句“Hes been boss of th
34、e back yard. ”可知, 作者形容自己的儿子是家里后院的老板, 她的儿子在自己的房间也肯定“地位很高”, 故C项符合语境。5. A. exploreB. contain C. expressD. comfort【解析】选D。作者一直在儿子身边帮他疗伤, 抚慰他的情绪。6. A. OtherwiseB. ThereforeC. BesidesD. However【解析】选D。作者的儿子在家是王, 是老板, 作者一直陪伴在他身边。现在, 一切都不一样了。上下文是转折关系。7. A. adventureB. experienceC. revolutionD. inspection【解析】选
35、A。根据后文“that will probably include wars, tragedy”可知, 作者的儿子可能会遇见战争、悲剧。这两样对于他来说应该是一种冒险(adventure)。8. A. sorrowB. reliefC. fortuneD. luck【解析】选A。作者的儿子可能会遇见战争和悲剧, 战争和悲剧都是不好的事情, 所以A项sorrow(悲伤)符合语境。9. A. weakenB. requireC. strengthenD. increase【解析】选B。作者认为在她的儿子必须生活的世界里过上他自己的生活需要信仰、爱和勇气。10. A. atB. inC. onD.
36、by【解析】选D。作者希望这个世界能拉住自己儿子的手, 教会他他必须知道的事情。take sb. by hand 意为“拉住某人的手”, 为固定搭配。11. A. heroB. commanderC. performerD. competitor【解析】选A。根据前文世上有恶人, 就有英雄。12. A. powerfulB. faithfulC. distantD. valuable【解析】选B。根据后文“that for every enemy, there is a friend. ”可知, 有敌人就有朋友, enemy与friend形成对比, 以此类推, 世上有恶人就会有英雄。有不诚实的
37、政客就会有忠实的领导者。13. A. reserveB. replaceC. solveD. survive【解析】选C。作者希望这个世界给自己的儿子安静的时间来解开(solve)天空里的鸟、阳光下的蜜蜂和青山上的花的秘密。14. A. respondB. denyC. failD. win【解析】选C。失败(fail)比作弊光彩得多。15. A. mercyB. basisC. reasonsD. confidence【解析】选D。根据语境可知, 作者想让这个世界教会她的儿子对自己的想法有信心(confidence), 故选D项。16. A. as ifB. even if C. in ca
38、seD. for fear【解析】选B。根据前文可知, 作者想让这个世界教会她的儿子对自己的想法有信心, 即使每个人都告诉他这些想法是错的。17. A. attachB. devoteC. applyD. sell【解析】选D。句意:教会他将自己的长处和头脑卖给(sell)出价最高者, 但永远不要出卖自己的心和灵魂。18. A. localB. totalC. fierceD. noisy【解析】选D。空处词用来形容crowd(人群), 人群应该是吵闹的(noisy)。19. A. affectB. signal C. fightD. bargain【解析】选C。如果他相信自己是对的, 就要去
39、(为自己)战斗(fight)。20. A. testB. temperatureC. flameD. spread【解析】选A。根据空后面的“of fire makes fine steel. ”可推测, 作者想表达的是只有经过火焰的考验(test)才能锻造出好的钢铁。. 语法填空阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The 2020 Nobel Peace Prize 1. _(go) to the UN World Food Programme (WFP) on Friday, 9 October 2020. The agency was recognized f
40、or its efforts to fight hunger for its contribution to 2. _(improve) condition for peace in conflict-affected areas and for acting as a driving force to prevent the use of hunger 3. _a weapon of war and conflict. The efforts of WFP focus on emergency assistance, development aid and special operation
41、s, two thirds of 4. _are made in conflict-affected countries. In those countries, people are three times more likely to suffer poor nutrition 5. _those living in countries without conflict do. David Beasley, WFP Executive Director, said the 6. _(announce) made by the Norwegian Nobel Committee turned
42、 the global spotlight on the 690 million people 7. _(expose) to severe levels of food insecurity. “Every one of them has the right to live peacefully and without hunger. ”Mr Beasley also noted that the Nobel Peace Prize was not 8. _(simple) WFPs. He said, “WFP works closely with governments, organiz
43、ations and individuals whose love for helping hungry people equals 9. _(we). We could not possibly help anyone without them. And the daily work of our members 10. _(drive) by our core values of integrity (真诚) and humanity. ”【文章大意】本文主要介绍了2020年诺贝尔和平奖颁发给联合国世界粮食计划署的事情。1. 【解析】went。考查时态。根据句中的时间状语“on Frida
44、y, 9 October 2020”可知, 此处描述发生在过去的动作, 应用一般过去时。2. 【解析】improving。考查非谓语动词。contribute to中的to是介词, 其后应用动名词。3. 【解析】as。考查介词。 此处指防止饥饿被用作战争和冲突的武器。根据句意可知, 应填as, 意为“作为, 当作”。4. 【解析】which。考查定语从句。 此处是“数词+介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句, 修饰先行词The efforts, 关系代词指物, 故用which。5. 【解析】than。考查状语从句。分析句子结构可知, 空处引导比较状语从句, 故用连词than。6. 【解析】annou
45、ncement。考查词性转换。根据句意及空前的the可知, 此处应用名词作宾语从句的主语。7. 【解析】exposed。考查非谓语动词。expose和其逻辑主语the 690 million people之间是被动关系, 应用过去分词作后置定语。8. 【解析】simply。考查词性转换。修饰动词was应用副词。9. 【解析】ours。考查词性转换。空处在句中作宾语, 指our love for helping hungry people, 应用名词性物主代词。10. 【解析】is driven。 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。此处陈述客观情况, 应用一般现在时;drive和主语the daily
46、work之间是被动关系, 应用被动语态;句子主语the daily work是不可数名词, 应用单数。. 阅读理解(2021广州模拟)When Edgar Allan Poe, the 19th century American writer best known today for his horror stories, first introduced the world to his fictional detective C. Auguste Dupin, he hit on a winning formula. Dupin was Sherlock Holmes before She
47、rlock Holmes, a genius detective who first appeared in the story of “The Murders in the Rue Morgue”. Though the roots of the detective story go as far back as Shakespeare, Poes tales of rational crime-solving created a unique type. His stories mix crime with a detective narrative, inviting readers t
48、o try to solve the puzzle too. The key figure in such a story, then, is the detective. Poes detective, Dupin is a gentleman of leisure who keeps himself occupied by using “analysis” to help the real police solve crimes. The real police are, of course, absolutely incompetent, like Inspector Lestrade
49、and Scotland Yard are to Holmes. Like Holmes, he smokes a pipe and is unnaturally smart and rational, a kind of superhero who uses powers of thinking to accomplish great tasks of crime-solving. “The elements Poe invented, such as the socially-awkward genius detective, his ordinary helper, the imposs
50、ible crime, the incompetent police force, the locked room mystery, etc. , have become firmly fixed in most mystery novels of today, ” says English professor KarenTan. Poes formula appealed in the 19th century because detective stories promised that reasoning could hold the answer to every question.
51、At the same time, with mysterious overtones, they appealed to 19th-century readers addiction to the mystical. The detective story, writes book critic William Mullins, was particularly appealing because it promised that “intellect will win out, the criminal will be caught by the rational detective, s
52、cience will track down the evil-doer and allow honest people to sleep at night. ” At the same time, MacIntyre writes. 19th-century anxieties about the Industrial Revolution and new ways of living supported the idea that evil was everywhere. These two instincts “peoples increasing faith in reason and
53、 mistrust of appearance” are what-made 19th century readers love detective stories, a love that endures today. 【文章大意】本文主要介绍了以恐怖小说闻名于世的19世纪美国作家Edgar Allan Poe所创作的侦探故事的特色, 将其笔下的侦探Dupin与Holmes相对比, 以及分析了其小说流行的原因和人们对其侦探小说的看法。1. What do we learn about Poes fictional detective stories?A. They created a new
54、 style of detective story telling. B. They eventually became Poes most famous stories. C. The main character was inspired by the Sherlock Holmes. D. Dupin was the first detective to appear in a fictional story. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段Though the roots of the detective story go as far back as Shakespeare,
55、Poes tales of rational crime-solving created a unique type. 可知, 尽管侦探故事的根源可以追溯到莎士比亚, Poe的理性破案故事却创造了一种新的侦探故事讲述方式。故选A。2. What is Dupins major strength as a detective?A. His experience. B. His determination. C. His fearlessness. D. His intelligence. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第三段Like Holmes, he smokes a pipe and is
56、 unnaturally smart and rational, a kind of superhero who uses powers of thinking to accomplish great tasks of crime-solving. 可知, 和福尔摩斯一样, 他也抽烟斗, 非同寻常的聪明和理性, 他是一个超级英雄, 利用自己的思维能力, 完成破案的伟大任务。由此可知, Dupin作为一名侦探的主要优势是他的智慧。故选D。3. What can we infer about the Dupin and Sherlock Holmes stories?A. They are bot
57、h set in England. B. They get readers to think and find. C. Both of the assistants are incompetent. D. Both of their detectives are very sociable. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第三段Poes detective, Dupin is a gentleman of leisure who keeps himself occupied by using “analysis” to help the real police solve crimes. 可知
58、, Poe笔下的侦探Dupin是一位休闲的绅士, 他通过运用“分析”来帮助真正的警察破案。以及后文Like Holmes, he smokes a pipe and is unnaturally smart and rational, a kind of superhero who uses powers of thinking to accomplish great tasks of crime-solving. 可知, 和福尔摩斯一样, 他利用思维能力完成了大量的犯罪解决任务。由此可推知, 我们能从Dupin和Sherlock Holmes的故事中推断出他们让读者去思考和发现。故选B。4.
59、 What made detective stories popular according to William Mullins?A. Readers growing interest in the mysterious plot. B. Peoples concern about the increasing level of crime. C. The publics confidence in the power of rational thought. D. Economic insecurity resulting from the Industrial Revolution. 【
60、解析】选C。细节理解题。根据最后一段These two instincts “peoples increasing faith in reason and mistrust of appearance” are what-made 19th century readers love detective stories, a love that endures today. 可知, 这两种本能“人们越来越相信理性和不信任外表”让19世纪的读者爱上了侦探小说, 这种爱一直延续到今天。由此可知, William Mullins认为是公众对理性思维力量的信心让侦探小说流行起来的。故选C。【知识拓展】词
61、汇积累1. rational adj. 推理的2. leisure n. 休闲3. appeal to吸引4. track down跟踪5. endure vt. 忍受, 忍耐. 语法填空阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。A Japanese man who believes 1. _smiling has become the worlds oldest male, Guinness World Records reports. Chitetsu Watanabe was born in Niigata in northern Japan in 1907. He
62、 received a certificate 2. _(recognize)him as the worlds oldest man on Wednesday at a health care center in the city. It confirmed he was 112 years and 344 days old. The former record holder 3. _(be)Masazo Nonaka, another Japanese, 4. _died last month. The oldest living woman, Kane Tanaka, is also J
63、apanese. She is 117 years old. Until about 10 years ago, Watanabe did bonsai, the Japanese 5. _(tradition)art of growing small sculpted(雕刻的)trees. His works appeared at shows 6. _(regular). These days, he loves eating different 7. _(dessert), such as sweet custards, Guinness said. Watanabe attended
64、8. _agricultural school, and completed a study program there. He then moved to Taiwan to work at Dai-Nippon Meiji Sugar. He lived in Taiwan for 18 years. He and his wife Mitsue had five children, Guinness also reported. After the end of World War , Watanabe returned to Niigata, Japan. He worked for
65、the local government until his 9. _(retire). He also grew fruit and vegetables on the family farm. 10. _(ask)about the secret to his long life, Watanabe says:Dont get angry and keep smiling. 【文章大意】本文主要介绍了世界上最年长的日本人Chitetsu Watanabe以及他的长寿秘诀。1. 【解析】in。考查介词。believe in 译为“信仰, 信任”是固定短语。2. 【解析】recognizing
66、。考查非谓语动词。分析句子, 简单句中已有动词received, 故提示词需用非谓语动词。recognize和逻辑主语之间表示主动伴随关系, 应用现在分词。3. 【解析】was。考查时态。分析句意, 此处表示“之前的长寿者”, 故此处应用过去时态, 且主语为单数。4. 【解析】who。考查定语从句。句意:前世界纪录保持者是另一位日本人Masazo Nonaka, 他于上月去世。分析句子, 定语从句部分缺主语, 引导词应用关系代词。从句的先行词指人, 应填who。5. 【解析】traditional。考查词性转换。修饰名词art应用形容词。6. 【解析】regularly。考查词性转换。修饰动词appeared, 应用副词。7. 【解析】desserts。考查名词复数。分析句子, 提示词dessert 译为“甜品”是可数名词, 此处被different修饰, 需表示复数。8. 【解析】an。考查冠词。泛指一家农业学校, 应用不定冠词, 又因为agricultural以元音音素开头, 应用an。9. 【解析】retirement。考查词性转换。形容词性物主代词his修饰名词。10. 【解析】Asked。考查非谓语动词。分析句子, 提示词所处的分句无主语, 故此处需用非谓语动词作状语。同时ask和逻辑主语之间表示被动关系, 所以此处需用过去分词作状语。
