1、9AU4GrammarA&B&C（Adverbial Clauses of Time-时间状语从句）英语中按句子的结构可分三种：简单句(simple sentence)；并列句 (compound sentence)和复合句 (complex sentence)。简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。e.g. He often reads English in the morning. Tom and Mike are American boys. She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspa
2、pers.并列句：由并列连词（and, but, or等）或分号（;）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。e.g. You help him and he helps you. The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。复合句：主句+从句（含有一个或一个以上从句）。主句是一个完整的句子(independent sentence),它可以独立存在。从句是一个不完整的句子,它必须和一个主句连用，不能独立存在。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。中学生英文写作中经常使用的
3、从句有：宾语从句, 状语从句和定语从句。今天，我们就来看看状语从句。状语是句子的重要修饰成分，一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。从情况、时间、处所、方式、条件、对象、肯定、否定、范围和程度等方面对谓语中心词进行修饰或限制，用来说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等，其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中。在复合句中作状语的句子叫状语从句。状语从句在主从复合句中作状语，修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词，按意义可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、行为方式、比较、让步等九种状语从句。一般位于句首或者句末，位于句首，用逗号和主
4、句隔开。首先，我们一起来学习时间状语从句（Adverbial Clauses of Time）。时间状语从句是指在复合句中充当时间状语的句子。如：While mother was cooking, I was watching TV.She had worked in Shanghai before she came here.After he did his homework, he went to bed.She was reading the newspaper when I came in.I have lived here since I graduated from univers
5、ity.Dont wake me up until/till you finish building it.As soon as you click the mouse, theres a great deal of information.When Yao Ming lived in the USA, he returned to China whenever he was needed.时间状语从句（Adverbial Clauses of Time）一、引导时间状语从句的连词通常有：after, before, as, when, while, whenever, since, till
6、, until, as soon as, the moment /minute, immediately, the first time, every time, next time, no soonerthan, hardlywhen 等等。9AU4GrammarA-Using “before、after、when and while”.二、由before、after、when和while引导的时间状语从句，这些词既可放在句首，也可放在句中。1、before意为“在之前”，表示主句动作发生在从句动作之前。如：Close the windows before you leave the roo
7、m, please.在你离开房间前，请关上窗。*如果before引导的从句位于主句之后，词义非常灵活，仔细体会下列句子中before的词义：1.)Before I could get in a word, the tailor had measured me.(还没来得及就)2.)We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired.(还没就)3.)We had sailed 4 days before we saw land.(才)4.)Please write it down before you forget it.(趁还没就)2、after意为“在之后”，表
8、示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后。如：I went to school after I finished my breakfast.我吃完早饭去上学。3、 when, as, while引导时间状语从句。when意思是“当时”，表示主句动作发生的特定时间。如：The days get longer when spring comes.春天到来时，白天变长了。When既可引导持续动作，又可引导短暂动作。它表示主句动作和从句动作同时发生，或从句动作在主句动作之前。When I was a boy, I used to go swimming on Sundays.（同时）When the less
9、on was over, we began our writing.（从句动作在前）when 可表示“如果”。如：Dont be afraid of asking for help when it is needed. while意思是“当时”，强调主句动作和从句动作是同时发生的，侧重主从句动作的对比。如：While my sister was sweeping the floor, I was washing the dishes.while指“在某一时间里”，“在期间”，从句动作必须是持续性的。如：While he was in London, he studied music.*注意：
10、在When 和while 引导时间状语从句时，若主句的主语和从句的主语一致的时候，可以用when/while+ -ing结构表示。如：1.)When (she is) in trouble, she always asks for my help.她遇到困难时总是向我求助。2. )While (I am) travelling, I like to buy some souvenirs.旅游时我喜欢买纪念品。as常和when, while通用，但侧重主句和从句的动作同时发生，说明两种正在发展和变化的情况。如：I saw your sister as she was getting on the
11、 bus yesterday.He sang as he walked.*注意：当when, as, while表示“在一段时间里”，主从句的动作同时发生时，可以换用。如： While (When或As) we were discussing, Mr. Smith came in.when和while还可以是并列连词，意思分别是“就在这时”，“然而”。如：He was about to tell me the secret when someone patted him on the shoulder. *注意：当主句的主语和从句的主语一致且从句中有be动词时，可省略从句的主语和be动词。如：
12、 1.You should turn off the lights before you leave the room.= You should turn off the lights before leaving the room.2. Tom went to school after he finished his breakfast. = Tom went to school after finishing his breakfast.3. While he was watching TV, he received a call from his mum. =While watching
13、 TV, he received a call from his mum.9AU4GrammarB-Using “since、till and until”.三、由since、till和until引导的时间状语从句。since, till和until常用来引导时间状语从句。如：Mr Brown has been in Beijing since you left.I worked till/until he came back.我一直工作到他回来为止。1、 sincesince意为“自从以来”。一般情况下，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。如：They have been
14、 friends since they were at primary school.他们从小学起就一直是好朋友。注意：since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性动词，也可以是瞬时动词。2、 until/ tilltill和until意思是 “到为止” ，一般情况下两者可以互换。until可以放在句首或句中，而till不可以用在句首。注意：如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时，必须用否定形式，即“notuntil”结构，意思是“直到才（开始）”。主句谓语动词是持续动词，“直到为止”。如： I worked till (until) he came back.We played basketball
15、 in the playground this afternoon until it was getting dark.notuntil: “直到才”,主句谓语动词必须是短暂性的。如： She wont go to bed till/until he returns home.再次强调：until在肯定句中，主句的谓语动词通常是_延续性_动词。until在否定句中，主句的谓语动词通常是_短暂性_动词。notuntil结构若在强调句中成为被强调的部分，须将not和until连在一起并前移，如果not until在句首，主句倒装。如：It was not until he came back th
16、at I knew it. = Not until he came back did I know it.Not until all the fish died in the river did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was.9AU4GrammarC-Using“as soon as and whenever”.四、 由as soon as 和 whenever引导的时间状语从句。我们常用as soon as和whenever引导时间状语从句。如：It began to rain as soon as I left th
17、e house.Whenever he met us, he smiled at us.他每次遇见我们，都向我们微笑。1.as soon asas soon as意为“一就”。如：We began to work as soon as we got there. 我们一到那里就开始工作。He will visit you as soon as he gets there.他一到那里就会去拜访你。2.wheneverwhenever意为“每当，任何时候”。如：He likes listening to music whenever he has time.每当他有时间的时候，他喜欢听音乐。Whe
18、never he came, he would call on me.注意：whenever=every time=each time Time clauses小结before/ after/ when/ while1) + doing2) while “当时候” 从句中用be+doing “而，却”表转折。since/ till/ until1) since “自从以来”从句中用过去时，主句用现在完成时。 *“既然，由于（因为既知理由）”=as2) until 可以用于句首和否定句，till不行。 as soon as/ whenever 1)whenever=every time=each
19、 time 2)主将从现as soon as知识拓展：一、几个极易混淆的时间状语从句：It was +时间点+when（当的时候时间是）It was 5 a.m. when we arrived at the village.It was/will be+时间段+before(没过就过了才)It was/will be two weeks before we met/meet again.It is /has been +时间段+since（自从以来有）It is/has been three years since we last met.突破点：一看be动词的时态，二看时间段还是时间点。注
20、意：在“It is /has been +时间段+since”句型中，从句的动词必须是短暂性的，如果是延续性的动词，时间要从从句的动作结束时算起。如：It is three years since I smoked.( 我戒烟有三年了)注意：时间状语从句中谓语动词不能用任何一种将来时，只能用现在时和过去时表示将来时。二、用法灵活的as, when, while 引导的状语从句。1. as可以引导时间、原因、让步、比较和方式等5种状语从句。2. when可以引导时间、条件和原因等3种状语从句。 How can we explain it to you when(=if) you wont lis
21、ten？ It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could easily walk there in five minutes.3. while可以引导时间、让步、条件和原因等4种状语从句。 1.)While(=Though) I like the color of the hat, I dont like its shape. 2.)While(=As long as) there is life, there is hope.3.)-Im going to the post office. -While(=Since) you are
22、there, can you get me some stamps?三、状语从句的省略。当时间状语从句的主语与主句一致或为it 或there且谓语动词含be动词时，从句中的主语和谓语可以一起省去。例如：Dont speak until spoken to.( 省you are)I met Peter while (I was) waiting at the bus stop.四、状语从句的变化。since,before,after引导时间状语从句有时可变为短语; 原因状语从句如果主语一致，可以略为分词短语、介词短语或者独立结构。They did not meet again after gra
23、duating from school. （after they graduated）Having finished middle school, she entered Zheda. (After she finished )Being the eldest, Bill looks after his little sisters. (As he is)巩固练习：一、Fill in the blanks with conjunctions of time.1. He will spend six hours writing his composition _ he finishes it.2
24、. The bike hit the tree _ I could get off the bike.3. It was already 10 oclock _ we got there.4. I havent seen him _ he moved to the other side of the city.5. I saw her _ he was getting off the train.6. _ he comes tomorrow, I shall ask where he has been.7. He learned to speak German _ he was in Berl
25、in.8. They decided to go back home _ their money ran out.9. _ I was writing a letter last night, he was chatting online.10. He brushed teeth _ he went to bed.二、单项选择。()1. Are you happy with your work, Amy?Sure. _ I complete a task, I feel a real sense of achievement.A. Until B. If C. Whenever D. Unle
26、ss()2. Its one oclock now. I must go now. Its raining outside. Dont leave _ it stops.A. when B. since C. while D. until()3. (2019苏州)Love your parents _ they are alive. Dont wait until it is too late.A. while B. though C. because D. unless()4. It has been much easier for me to go to work_ shared bike
27、s appeared.But they also caused plenty of problems.A.since B.before C. unless D. though()5. Mum wont let Simon go out unless he promises to be back _ 10 oclock tonight. A. till B. before C. as D. since ()6. (2019安顺)Nancy _ us a report as soon as she _ tomorrow. How great! I will be there.A. gives; i
28、s arriving B. gives; arrived C. will give; arrives D. gives; arrives()7. Anne _ her diary _ she was discovered by the Nazis.A. kept writing; since B. went on to write; until C. kept writing; until D. went on to write; before()8. When will you come to Nanjing? I will call you _ I arrive.A. as soon as B. while C. as quickly as D. till ()9. Amy was reading a book _ I came in, so she didnt take notice of me.A. when B. while C. because D. though()10. (2019柳州) May I go and play with Dick, Mum? No, you cant go out _ your homework is done.A. before B. as C. until D. when
