1、9BUnit4 Grammar-简单句和复合句之间的转换（二）英语中按句子的结构可分三种：简单句 (simple sentence)；并列句 (compound sentence)和复合句 (complex sentence)。简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。e.g. He often reads English in the morning. Tom and Mike are American boys. She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.并列句：由并列连词（and
2、, but, or等）或分号（;）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。e.g. You help him and he helps you. The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。复合句：主句+从句（含有一个或一个以上从句）。主句是一个完整的句子(independent sentence),它可以独立存在。从句是一个不完整的句子,它必须和一个主句连用，不能独立存在。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。下面我们看看简单句和复合句之间的转换。1、状语从句可用“介词短
3、语”改写成“简单句”。如：Humans cant survive if they dont have water, oxygen or food.没有水、氧气或者食物，人类就不能生存。=Humans cant survive without water, oxygen or food. I cant finish my work on time if you dont help me.=I cant finish my work on time without your help. 如果没有你的帮助，我就不能按时完成我的工作。She started to learn drawing when
4、she was seven.She started to learn drawing at the age of seven. Daniel could not go to the party because of too much homework.Daniel could not go to the party because he had too much homework.注意：转换时，要注意时态和意思的一致性和准确性。2、宾语从句在一些介词，如of, about等的辅助作用下，可以改写成简单句。Are you sure that you will pass the coming En
5、glish test? =Are you sure of passing the coming English test?你确信你能通过即将到来的英语测试吗？I am sure that the concert tickets will be expensive.我确信这场音乐会的门票会很贵。I am sure about the higher price for the concert tickets.The photos remind me that I travelled to the UK five years ago.The photos remind me of travellin
6、g/my trip to the UK five years ago.Are you certain that Tom is satisfied with the plan? 你确信汤姆对这计划满意吗？Are you certain about Toms satisfaction with the plan？注意：常用的一些动词和介词的搭配有：remind somebody of something使某人想起be sure/certain about something对确信。3、定语从句在介词with的辅助作用下，可以改写成简单句。The girl that/who has a ponyta
7、il is my best friend.扎着马尾辫的那个女孩是我最好的朋友。=The girl with a ponytail is my best friend. I prefer to stay in a hotel room which has a sea view.我更想住在一间海景房。I prefer to stay in a hotel room with a sea view.Do you know the girl who is holding two books in her hand?Do you know the girl with two books in her h
8、and？你认识那个手里正拿着两本书的女孩吗？The man who wears a blue shirt is our English teacher.The man in a blue shirt is our English teacher.那位身着蓝色衬衫的男士是我们的英语老师。【巩固练习】 同义句转换 1. She started to learn drawing when she was seven.She started to learn drawing _.2. I am sure about the high price for the house.I am sure that
9、 the house will_ _.3. I prefer to stay in a hotel room which has a sea viewI prefer to stay in a hotel room _ a sea view.4. He could not go to the movie because it rained heavily last night.He could not go to the party because of _ last night.5. He can not solve this problem if he has no help.He can
10、 not solve this problem _ help6. The science fiction film reminds us that food on the Earth is tasty.The science fiction film reminds us of _ on the Earth.7. Are you certain about Toms satisfaction with the plan?Are you certain that Tom _ with the plan?8. Do you know India which has the second large
11、st population in the world?Do you know India _ the second largest population in the world?9. The man in a blue shirt is our Physics teacher.The man who_ is our English teacher.10. The boy is so young that he cant look after himself.The boy is _ look after himself.11. I dont know when I will post the
12、 letter for you.I dont know _post the letter for you.12. I noticed that they were entering the teachers office at 6p.m. last night.I noticed_the teachers office at 6p.m. last night.13. It seemed that he would catch up with others soon.He seemed _ up with others.14. I wont finish the work in time wit
13、hout your help.I wont finish the work if _ me.15. She worked closely with UNICEF _ she could help the poor children.(为了) =She worked closely with UNICEF _ help the poor children.16. They wont visit the two moons, they prefer to watch the amazing games instead. =They prefer to watch the amazing games
14、 _ the two moons. 17. I saw that he _(read) an English novel at this time yesterday. =I saw _ an English novel at this time yesterday.18. The police found that he was dead.=The police found _.19. He got up early so that he would not miss the train. =He got up early _ miss the train.20. He is so youn
15、g that he cannot dress himself.=He is _ dress himself.同义句转换答案：1. at the age of2. be expensive3. with4. the heavy rain5. without his6. the tasty food 7. is satisfied 8. with9. wears blue shirt10. too young to11. when to12. them entering13. to catch14. you didnt help15. so that；in order to16.instead of visiting17.was reading, him reading18.him dead19.in order not to20. too young to
