1、Unit 3 Could you please clean your room?(知识讲解)neither adv.也不;pron. 两者都不。【知识详解 】neither adv.也不;pron.两者都不。“neither nor”意为“既不也不”,连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词在人称和数上与最靠近的主语一致。【例句】Neither you nor he is right.你和他都不对。【拓展】neither+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语,构成完全倒装句,表示“某人也不”。【辨析】neither表示两者中任何一个都不either表示两者中的任何一个both表示“两者都”【经典练】-Do yo
2、u like rock music or light music?- _. I like Beijing Opera.AEither BNone CBoth DNeither【答案】D【详解】句意:-你喜欢摇滚音乐还是轻音乐?-两者都不喜欢,我喜欢京剧。选项A“两者中的一者”,选项B“一个也没有”,选项C“两者都”,选项D“两个都不”。回答的人说自己喜欢京剧,说明对于摇滚和轻音乐都不喜欢,两者都不喜欢用“neither”,故选D。borrow为动词,意指从某人处借出某物【知识详解 】borrow为动词,意指从某人处借出某物。【例句】She always borrows pens from me
3、, and I hate that.她总是问我借笔,我很讨厌这样。【辨析】borrow“借入”,指向他人借东西,borrow sth. from sb. 意为“向某人借某物”lend“借出”,指把东西借给别人,lend sth. to sb.,lend sb. sth.,意为“把某物借给某人”keepborrow属于短暂性动词,若与时间段连用,要用延续性动词keep【经典练】I lent the book to Gina a few days ago.(改为同义句)Gina _ the book _ me a few days ago.【答案】 borrowed from【详解】句意:几天前我
4、把这本书借给了吉娜。由题干可知,句子是含有实义动词的一般过去时的陈述句,要求改为同义句。 lend sth. to sb.“把某物借给某人”相当于borrow sth. from sb.“向某人借某物”,因此句子可以变成Ginaborrowedthebookfrommeafewdaysago;故答案为(1)borrowed(2)from。while,连词,意为“与同时,当的时候” 【知识点详解 】while,连词,意为“与同时,当的时候”,引导时间状语从句。while引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词只能是延续性动词。【例句】While we were eating breakfast, Claud
5、io went upstairs to collect his things.我们吃早饭的时候,克劳迪奥上楼去收拾东西。【辨析】while常表时间段,用于同时进行的两个延续性动词相伴随而发生。从句常用进行时态when可表示时间点、时间段,所引导的从句的动词既可以是非延续性动词也可以是延续性动词【经典练】He stayed up very late that night. _ he woke up in the morning, the sun was already high up in the sky.AUntilBAfterCWhileDAs【答案】D【详解】句意:那天晚上他熬夜很晚。早晨
6、醒来时,太阳已经高高挂在天上了。A. Until到为止;B. After在之后;C. While与同时,连接的句子必须是延续性动词,通常跟进行时态;D. As当时候。“he woke up in the morning”是一般过去时态的句子,排除C答案;结合句意可知,此处是as引导的时间状语从句,相当于when,故答案为D。as soon as一就【知识点详解 】as soon as一就,引导时间状语从句,若主句用将来时,从句用一般现在时表示将来。【例句】Ill go to visit my aunt in England as soon as the summer holidays star
7、t.一放暑假,我就去英国看望我的姑姑。【经典练】She stopped talking her mother came into the room.Aas soon asBunlessCthough【答案】A【详解】句意:她妈妈一进到房间里,她就停止了说话。A. as soon as 一-就-;B. unless除非;C. though尽管;这里是考查连词,根据She stopped talking 和her mother came into the room.之间的关系,可知是妈妈一进到房间里,她就停止了说话;故选Aspend及物动词,“花费”【知识点详解 】spend及物动词,“花费”,常
8、用结构为:spend+time/money+on sth.在某物上花费时间/金钱;spend+time/money+(in) doing sth.花时间/金钱做某事【例句】He spent all his money on the books.=He spent all his money(in) buying the books.他所有的钱都用来买书了。【辨析】spend、pay、take与costspend主语通常是人,常用句式:sb. spend time/money on sth.;spend time/money (in) doing sth.pay主语通常是人,常用句式:sb. P
9、ay money for sth.;pay sb.(money for sth.)take常用于“占有、花费”时间。主语通常是形式主语it,常用句式:It takes sb.+time to do sth.cost主语必须是某物,常用句式:sth. cost(sb.) money【经典练】That one mistake almost him his life.AtookBpaidCcostDspent【答案】C【详解】句意:那个错误几乎花费了他一生的时间。这四个词均可表示“花费”,但用法不同:take的主语通常是it,常用it takes sb.时间/钱to do sth;pay主语通常是人
10、,一般跟介词for搭配;cost的主语往往是物或某种活动;spend的主语通常是人,常用句型spend时间/钱doing sth./on sth.。根据句子的主语That one mistake可知答案选C。provide是及物动词,意为“提供;供应”【知识点详解 】provide是及物动词,意为“提供;供应”,后面可以直接跟宾语。常用结构:provide sth. for sb.=provide sb. with sth.为某人提供某物。【例句】The parents provide the children with food and clothes.家长们给孩子供吃供穿。The scho
11、ols provide desks and chairs for the students.学校为学生提供桌椅。【拓展】provide sth. for sb./provide sb. with sth.supply sth. to sb./supply sb. with sth.为某人提供某物offer sth. to sb./offer sb. sth.【经典练】In the world, more than 30% of schools do not provide safe drinking water _ about 570 million children.AwithBforCto
12、wards【答案】B【详解】句意:在世界上,超过30%的学校没有为大约5.7亿儿童提供安全的饮用水。考查介词辨析。with用;for为了;towards向。provide sth for sb/provide sb with sth“为某人提供某物”,固定搭配,结合题目可知,此处用到provide sth for sb。故选B。in order to意为“目的是,为了”【知识点详解 】in order to是固定搭配,意为“目的是,为了”,强调目的,后接动词原形构成不定式结构在句子中作目的状语,否定形式是在to前面加not,即in order not to。【例句】In order to le
13、t the students hear him, he spoke loudly.为了让学生们听到他的话,他大声讲。In order not to be late, you should go now.为了不迟到,你应该现在走。【拓展】含in order to的句子可以转变为由so that或in order that引导的状语从句。She ran quickly in order to catch the bus.=She ran quickly in order that she could catch the bus.=She ran quickly so that she could
14、catch the bus.她快步跑为的是赶上公共汽车。【经典练】A lot of famous doctors gathered in Harbin _ save “ Chinas most beautiful teacher” Ms Zhang Lili.Aso thatBin order toCin order thatDas a result【答案】B【详解】句意:许多著名的医生聚集在哈尔滨,为了挽救“中国最美丽的老师”张丽丽老师。查固定短语的用法辨析。as a result“因此,结果”,后面接句子,so that和in order that后面接表示目的的从句;本空后面是一个动词短
15、语,不是一句完整的话,所以排除这三项。in order to“为了”,后面接短语,故选B。It is+adj./n.(+for sb.) to do sth.“做某事(对某人来说)是【知识点详解 】It is+adj./n.(+for sb.) to do sth.“做某事(对某人来说)是”。不定式to do作真正的主语,it是形式主语。这类句型常用形容词easy、difficult、hard、important、possible、wise等作表语,有时候为了强调不定式动作的执行者,常在不定式前加for sb.。【例句】Its bad for you to play computer game
16、s too long.长时间玩电脑游戏对你没有好处。【拓展】“It is+adj.+of sb. to do sth.”中使用的形容词常是表示心理品质、性格特征的形容词。如:kind、nice、stupid、clever、foolish、polite、impolite、silly、selfish等。Its kind of you to help me.你能帮助我真是太好了。【经典练】Its necessary for you the classroom clean, class.AkeepBkeepingCto keep【答案】C【详解】句意:同学们,保持教室干净对你们来说是必要的。keep动
17、词,保持。本句为固定句型Its+形容词+for sb.+to do sth., 意为“做某事对某人而言是怎样的”。其中动词使用动词不定式 “to keep” 的形式, 在句中作真正的主语,it为形式主语。故选C。点睛:牢记常见固定句型的各组成部分,分析句子的成分。掌握动词不定式的用法,如,在句中可以作“主语、宾语、表语、补语等”成分。invite邀请【知识点详解 】 invite邀请(动词)-invitation邀请(名词) invite sb to do sth邀请某人去做某事 invite sb to+地点:邀请某人去某地 invite my friends to a party邀请我的朋
18、友去参加聚会develop的用法【知识点详解】(1)develop: 发展(动词)培养(动词)(2)develop sth into sth把发展成(3)developed发达的(形容词)(4)developing发展中的(形容词)(5)development发展, 开发(名词)例1:Doing chores helps to develop childrens independence and teaches them how to look after themselves做家务帮助培养孩子们的独立性,同时教给他们如何照顾自己。(注意:independent独立的(形容词) indepen
19、dence独立(名词)例2:China is an independent and developing country but America is a developed country.中国是个独立的发展中国家,但是美国是一个发达国家。take out把拿出去【知识点详解】take out把拿出去=throw out (代词放中间,名词放中间后面都可以)take out of把从里拿出来 take away拿走take part in参加take care of照顾 take off(飞机)起飞;脱下(衣服)例1:There is some rubbish in the bag.Plea
20、se take it out. 袋子里有一些垃圾,请把它扔出去(注意:take it out=take some rubbish out=take out some rubbish把它(垃圾)扔出去rubbish=waste things=litter(垃圾, 废弃物)例2:Dont take the money out of your wallet so easily. 不要轻易把钱从你的钱包里拿出来 work on从事于, 忙于【知识点详解】work on从事于, 忙于 work at努力做,致力于work out解决,制定出 work for为工作work as+职业身份:干工作的 例1
21、:Im going to work on it now. 我正打算用它。 例2:He is working at losing weight. 他正在努力减肥(注意:work at努力干某事 lose weight 减肥)例3:Please work out the problem if you plan to work for the company. 如果你打算为这个公司工作,请先解决这个难题.例4:Mr. Huo works as an English teacher. 霍老师是干英语老师工作的。 asas: 和一样【知识点详解】、asas: 和一样(中间是形容词或副词的原级)、not
22、asas= not soas 和不一样(中间也是形容词或副词的原级)、not asas 与比较级than的句子同义句转化。例1:A works as hard as B A像B一样努力。Mr.矮 Mr.高例2:Mr,Gao is taller than Mr. Ai 高先生比矮先生高。=Mr. Ai is shorter than Mr. Gao. 矮先生比高先生矮=Mr. Gao is not as short as Mr. Ai. 高先生不如矮先生矮。=Mr. Ai is not as tall as Mr. Gao. 矮先生不如高先生高例3:Im just as tired as you
23、 are!我和你一样累例4:She doesnt study as hard as her brother!她不如她哥哥学习努力take care of 照顾、照看【知识点详解】(1)take (good) care of=look after (well) 照顾(好)(2)take care当心=look out=be careful(3)care about关心;(4 )care for 照顾(同);喜欢(be fond of) 例1: He had no idea how to take care of himself他不知道怎样照顾自己(注意:have no idea=dont know没有主意)例2:I have no idea what to do next.=I dont know what to do next.=I dont know what I can do next.=I have no idea what I can do next. 我不知道下一步干什么。