1、XB2 Unit1 science and scientists语境背单词Cholerais an infectious disease caused bygerms. People who areinfectedwith this disease will suffer fromsevere diarrhoea，dehydrationand even death. As a young doctor，John Snow felt a littlefrustratedat first，but he was determined to defeat “ King Cholera”once and
2、 for all. There were then twocontradictorytheories to explain how cholera spread. Snowsubscribed tothe correct theory that cholera was caused by aninfectionfrom germs in food or water. But Snow neededproofandfindings. It happened that cholerabroke outin London in 1854，and Snow began to investigate.
3、He discovered that there weremultipledeaths in somehouseholdsnear thewater pumpin Broad Street. This showed there was alinkbetween the cases of cholera and the water. Snowsuspectedthat the water pump was toblame，so he had thehandleof the water pump removed.Thanks toSnowsintervention，people began to
4、drinkpurewater instead ofrawwater. Thus，there was asubstantial decreasein the threat of cholera.Furthermore，in his use of maps andstatistics，Snowtransformedthe way scientists study diseases. Histhinkingandconcepton disease were quite novel at that time. Therefore，Snow is considered the father of mod
5、ernepidemiology.霍乱是一种由细菌引起的传染病。感染这种疾病的人会严重腹泻、脱水甚至死亡。作为一名年轻的医生，约翰斯诺一开始感到有点沮丧，但他决心彻底击败“霍乱王”。当时有两种截然不同的理论来解释霍乱是如何传播的。斯诺赞同正确的理论，即霍乱是由食物或水中的细菌感染引起的。但斯诺需要证据和调查结果。1854年伦敦恰巧暴发了霍乱，斯诺开始调查。他发现宽街水泵附近的一些住户有多人死亡，这说明霍乱病例与饮用水有关联。斯诺怀疑水泵是罪魁祸首，于是他让人把水泵的把手拆掉了。多亏了斯诺的干预，人们开始饮用纯净水而不是原水。因此，霍乱的威胁大幅降低。此外，斯诺利用地图和统计数据，改变了科学家研究
6、疾病的方式。他对疾病的思考和观念在当时是相当新颖的。因此，斯诺被认为是现代流行病学之父。Doctors usemicroscopesto observecells，germs，virusesorproteinsin cells，whileastronomerslook at stars and studyastronomythroughtelescopes. A theory may beabstract，but research work needs to have asolid，concreteorvivid theoretical framework.BesidesJohn Snow，i
7、t is worth mentioning Qian Xuesen，the father of Chinasaerospaceindustry. He was anoutstanding，giftedandpatrioticscientist. At first，he studied railwaymechanicalengineering. In order todefendChinas airspace，heshiftedhis major toaviation. While studying in the United States，Qian Xuesen was a graduatea
8、ssistant，studyingjetand rocket technology. After returning to China，he was putin charge ofdeveloping Chinas rocket science and its space andmissileprogramme. Under Qiansleadership，Chinas aerospace industry madesteadyprogress and achievedinitialsuccess. Now lets change the subject. Here is a picture
9、of abrilliant rainbowafter a heavy rain. There is a man standing over there. The rainbowcastsdifferentshadowsof the man.Above all，the moon is hanging in the sky，but the sun has not yet set. Can you findfaultwith this picture?医生用显微镜观察细胞、细菌、病毒或细胞中的蛋白质，而天文学家则用望远镜观察星体和研究天文学。理论可能是抽象的，但研究工作需要有一个坚实、具体或生动的理
10、论框架。除了约翰斯诺，值得一提的是“中国航天之父”钱学森。他是一位杰出的、有天赋的、爱国的科学家。起初，他学习铁道机械工程。为了保卫中国的领空，他转到了航空专业。在美国留学期间，钱学森是一名研究生助理，研究喷气式飞机和火箭技术。回国后，他被任命负责发展中国的火箭科学及其太空和导弹项目。在钱学森的领导下，中国航天事业稳步发展，初见成效。现在咱们换个话题吧。这是一幅大雨过后的绚丽的彩虹图。有一个人站在那边。彩虹投射出这个人不同的影子。尤其是，天空中挂着月亮，但太阳还没有落山。你能找出这幅画的错误吗？单词派生1. adj.相互矛盾的;对立的;不一致的 vt.反驳;矛盾2. n.感染;传染 vt.使感
11、染;传染3. n.证据;证明;检验 vt.证明4. n.介入;出面;干涉 vi.介入;干涉5. adj.干净的;纯的;纯粹的 v.净化6. adj.大量的;价值巨大的;重大的 n.物质;物品;事实根据7. vt.使改观;使改变形态vi.改变;转变 n.改变;转换8. n.思想;思维;见解 v.认为;思考9. n.发现;调查结果;(法律)判决 v.发现10. adj.最初的;开始的;第一的 adv.起初11. adj.机械的;发动机的;机器的 n.机械师;机械修理工12. vt.保卫;防守;辩解 n.防御;保卫13. n.助理;助手 vt.帮助;协助 n.帮助;协助;援助14. adj.有天赋的
12、;有天才的;天资聪慧的 n.礼物;天赋15. adj.稳定的;平稳的;稳步的 adv.平稳地;持续地16. n.天文学家 n.天文学17. adj.生动的;鲜明的;丰富的 adv.生动地基础知识巩固.单词小测1.With solid ,the lawyer can certainly that he is innocent.(prove)2.,I entirely knew about the steps they took to create a better campus.(initial)3.He,an ,came to my ;that is to say,he me in finis
13、hing the impossible task on time.(assist)4.Their daughter has a for language while their son is a pianist.(gift)5.He described what he saw in London,giving us a picture about peoples life there.(vivid).短语小测In human history,every time an epidemic 1. (爆发),many people will 2. (患病) with it.3. (多亏)the ef
14、forts of those experts who are 4. (主管)handling it,the epidemic can be defeated 5. (彻底地).However,most experts 6. (赞同)the view that new epidemics will occur.So 7. (最重要的是),we should strengthen our immune system to resist diseases.句型小测高考情景仿写1.他身体虚弱得几乎站不起来了。He was he could hardly stand up.2.可怕的地震似乎把一切都摧毁
15、了。 everything was destroyed by the terrible earthquake.3.她今天不上班,所以她终于可以请人把空调修理一下了。She is off work today so she can eventually.单元巩固练习.单词小测1.The moon (cast) bright light over the garden when I saw through the window.2.She listened, (shift) nervously from one foot to another.3.When she saw her efforts
16、paid off,tears of happiness (pour) down Janes cheeks.4.What made the assistant annoyed was that he was suspected stealing money.5.All of them blamed the mistake me,which made me quite frustrated.6.(2020浙江卷)Challenging work that requires lots of analytical (think),planning and other managerial skills
17、 might help your brain stay sharp as you age.7.(四川卷)They help the body defend itself against some kinds of (infect).8.(全国卷)Frank Hurley,a confident and (gift) Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic,was hired to make the images.9.(全国卷)His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching (assi
18、st) in class whose creativity would infect other students.短语填空above all,thanks to,in general,subscribe to,break out,in charge of,be to blame,once and for all,be linked to,come down1.Please believe us.We are sure to settle the matter .2.It is reported that a team consisting of five experts will be th
19、e club.3.Dont go and ask for her idea about our plan.Never will she it for the trip.4.“ the financial aid,I can continue my studying at school,” she told the news website Red Net.5.They watched,amazed as fire on the outside of the spaceship as the earths gravity increased.6.We should often exchange
20、ideas with our parents,who are rich in experience,and ,love us most in the world.7.Dont always blame your failure on others,sometimes you yourself .8.There is convincing evidence that skin cancer exposure to the sun.9.Since he with the disease,he shifted the emphasis away from work to life.10.Althou
21、gh the city preserves a good look ,some of its heritage was destroyed in World War .单元语法专练1.The question is he is to blame.2.My advice is you should handle the problem in a new way.3.The fact was he didnt really try.4.The question is will be the successful applicant for the summer job at the law fir
22、m.5.Taking a year off from school to travel abroad is is generally called a gap year.话题微写作【写作素材】1.大量的证据和数据表明,许多严重的疾病可以用中医治疗。中医在中国有着悠久的历史。(定语从句)2.多亏了这种药,许多病毒得到了控制,许多疑难病症甚至被彻底地治愈了。(handle,have sth done)3.许多人赞同中医。(subscribe to)4.一些人仍然怀疑它的巨大价值,并把责任归咎于它。(suspect;blame)5.他们坚定地认为,这只是单纯的初步治疗。(thinking)【连句成篇
23、】将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的短文。 Keys:单词派生1.contradictory;contradict2.infection;infect3.proof;prove4.intervention;intervene5.pure;purify6.substantial;substance7.transform;transformation8.thinking;think9.finding;find10.initial;initially11.mechanical;mechanic12.defend;defense/defence13.assistant;assist;as
24、sistance14.gifted;gift15.steady;steadily16.astronomer;astronomy17.vivid;vividly基础知识巩固.1.proof;prove2.Initially;initial3.assistant;assistance;assisted4.gift;gifted5.vividly;vivid.1.breaks oute down3.Thanks to4.in charge of5.once and for all6.subscribe to7.above all.1.so weak that2.It seemed that3.hav
25、e the air conditioner repaired单元巩固练习.1.cast2.shifting3.poured4.of5.on6.thinking7.infections8.gifted9.assistant.1.once and for all2.in charge of3.subscribe to4.Thanks to5.broke out6.above all7.are to blame8.is linked to9.came down10.in general.1.whether2.that3.that4.who5.what.Multiple proofs and stat
26、istics show that many severe diseases can be treated by traditional Chinese medicine,which has a long history in China.Thanks to the medicine,which has many viruses handled,many difficult and complicated diseases are even cured once and for all.Many people subscribe to the traditional Chinese medicine.However,some people still suspect it of its substantial value,and put the blame on it.They hold the firm thinking that it is only pure initial treatment.
