1、浙江慈溪市2016高考英语阅读理解二轮训练题（6）及答案阅读理解。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。 “Opinion” is a word that is used carelessly today. It is used to refer to matters of taste, belief, and judgment. This inaccurate use would probably cause little confusion if people didnt attach too much importance to opinion. Unfo
2、rtunately, most attach great importance to it. “I have as much right to my opinion as you to yours, and Everyones entitled to his opinion, are common expressions. In fact, anyone who would challenge anothers opinion is likely to be branded intolerant.Is that label accurate? Is it intolerant to chall
3、enge anothers opinion? It depends on what definition of opinion you have in mind. For example, you may ask a friend What do you think of the new Ford cars?” And he may reply, “In my opinion, theyre ugly.” In this case, it would not only be intolerant to challenge his statement, but foolish. For its
4、obvious that by opinion he means his personal preference, a matter of taste. And as the old saying goes, Its pointless to argue about matters of taste.But consider this very different use of the term. A newspaper reports that the Supreme Court has delivered its opinion in a controversial(有争议的) case.
5、 Obviously the justices did not share their personal preferences, their mere likes and dislikes. They stated their considered judgment, painstakingly arrived at after thorough inquiry and deliberation(审议).Most of what is referred to as opinion falls somewhere between these two extremes. It is not an
6、 expression of taste. Nor is it careful judgment. Yet it may contain elements of both. It is a view or belief more or less inaccurately arrived at, with or without examining the evidence.Is everyone entitled to his opinion? Of course, this is not only permitted, but guaranteed. We are free to act on
7、 our opinions only so long as, in doing so, we do not harm others. 8. Which of the following statements is TRUE, according to the author?A. Everyone has a right to hold his own opinion. B. Free expression of opinions always leads to confusion.C. Most people tend to be careless in forming their opini
8、ons.D. Casual use of the word “opinion” often brings about quarrels. 9. According to the author, who of the following would be labeled as intolerant?A. Someone who turns a deaf ear to others opinions.B. Someone who cant put up with others tastes.C. Someone who values only their own opinions.D. Someo
9、ne whose opinion harms other people.10. The new Ford cars are cited as an example to show that _.A. it is foolish to criticize a famous brand B. one should not always agree to others opinionsC. personal tastes are not something to be challengedD. it is unwise to express ones likes and dislikes in pu
10、blic11. Considered judgment is different from personal preference in that _.A. it is stated by judges in the courtB. it reflects public like and dislikesC. it is a result of a lot of controversyD. it is based on careful thought 阅读理解。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。A friend of mine, in response to
11、 a conversation we were having about the injustices of life, asked me the question, “Who said life was going to be fair, or that it was even meant to be fair?” Her question was a good one. It reminded me of something I was taught as a youngster: Life isnt fair. Its disappointing, but its absolutely
12、true. One of the mistakes many of us make is that we feel sorry for ourselves, or for others, thinking that life should be fair, or that someday it will be. Its not and it wont.One of the nice things about surrendering(屈从) to the fact that life isnt fair is that it keeps us from feeling sorry for ou
13、rselves by encouraging us to do the very best we can with what we have. We know its not “lifes job” to make everything perfect, its our own challenge. Surrendering to this fact also keeps us from feeling sorry for others because we are reminded that everyone is dealt a different hand; everyone has u
14、nique strengths and problems in the process of growing up, facing the reality and making decisions; and everyone has those times that they feel victimized or unfairly treated.The fact that life isnt fair doesnt mean we shouldnt do everything in our power to improve our own lives or the world as a wh
15、ole. To the contrary, it suggests that we should. When we dont recognize or admit that life isnt fair, we tend to feel pity for others and for ourselves. Pity, of course, is a self-defeating emotion that does nothing for anyone, except to make everyone feel worse than they already do. When we do rec
16、ognize that life isnt fair, however, we feel compassion(热情) for others and for ourselves. And compassion is a heartfelt emotion that delivers loving-kindness to everyone it touches. The next time you find yourself thinking about the injustices of the world, try reminding yourself of this very basic
17、fact. You may be surprised that it can persuade you out of self-pity and into helpful action.12. The writer thought of his friends question as a good one because _.A. he also wanted to know who held such an opinionB. it made him recall something during his childhoodC. like his friend, he also though
18、t life was unfairD. he learned something from the question as a youngster13. Surrendering to the fact that life isnt fair will _.A. keep us from making everything perfectB. keep us from doing everything in our powerC. make us face unfair treatment bravelyD. make us know its our duty to perfect thing
19、s14. The second paragraph of the passage mainly tells us that _.A. its nice to accept the injustice of lifeB. its nice to surrender to the lifeC. we should not surrender to the lifeD. we should not feel sorry for everything15. In the last paragraph, “this very basic fact” refers to the fact that _.A
20、. you should not pity for othersB. life isnt and wont be fairC. compassion is heartfelt emotionD. pity is a self-defeating emotion社会生活类。As the railroads and the highways shaped the American West in the past centuries, a new electrical generating (发电) and transmission (输送) system for the 21st century
21、 will leave a lasting mark on the West, for better or worse. Much of the real significance of railroads and highways is not in their direct physical effect on the scenery, but in the ways that they affect the surrounding community. The same is true of big solar plants and the power lines that will b
22、e laid down to move electricity around. The 19th century saw land grants (政府拨地) offered to railroad companies to build the transcontinental railroads, leaving public land in between privately owned land. In much of the West, some of the railroad sections were developed while others remained undevelo
23、ped, and in both cases the landownership has presented unique challenges to land management. With the completion of the interstate highway system, many of the small towns, which sprang up as railway stops and developed well, have lost their lifeblood and died. Big solar plants and their power lines
24、will also have effects far beyond their direct footprint in the West. This is not an argument against building them. We need alternative energy badly, and to really take advantage of it we need to be able to move electricity around far more readily than we can now. So trade-offs will have to be made
25、. Some scenic spots will be sacrificed. Some species (物种) will be forced to move, or will be carefully moved to special accommodations. Deals will be struck to reduce the immediate effects. The lasting effects of these trade-offs are another matter. The 21st century development of the American West
26、as an ideal place for alternative energy is going to throw off a lot of power and money in the region. There are chances for that power and money to do a lot of good. But it is just as likely that they will be spent wastefully and will leave new problems behind, just like the railroads and the highw
27、ays. The money set aside in negotiated trade-offs and the institutions that control it will shape the West far beyond the immediate footprint of power plants and transmission lines. So lets remember the effects of the railroads and the highways as we construct these new power plants in the West. 1.
28、What was the problem caused by the construction of the railways? A. Small towns along the railways became abandoned.B. Some railroad stops remained underused.C. Land in the West was hard to manage.D. Land grants went into private hands.2. What is the major concern in the development of alternative e
29、nergy according to thelast two paragraphs? A. The transmission of power. B. The use of money and power.C. The conservation of solar energy.D. The selection of an ideal place.3. What is the authors attitude towards building solar plants? A. Cautious.B. Approving.C. Doubtful. D. Disapproving.4. Which
30、is the best title for the passage? A. How the Railways Have Affected the WestB. How Solar Energy Could Reshape the WestC. How the Effects of Power Plants Can Be ReducedD. How the Problems of the Highways Have Been Settled【参考答案】78.1-4 CBAB 阅读理解。The amount of time children spend in institutional care（
31、机构式照顾）may affect how their brains develop. Thats the conclusion of a new study carried out by researchers at the University of Wisconsin, Harvard Medical School and the University of Minnesota. The study is published in Child Development in the journals January/ February 2010 issue.To learn how the
32、lack of care and material needs that institutionalized children often experience affect brain development, the researchers looked at 132 8- and 9-year-olds. Some of them were adopted into U.S. homes after spending at least a year and three quarters of their lives in institutions in Asia, Latin Ameri
33、ca, Russia and Eastern Europe, and Africa. Others were adopted by the time they were 8 months old into U.S. homes from foster care（寄养）in Asia and Latin America; most of these children had spent no time in institutional care, while some had spent a month or two in institutions prior to foster placeme
34、nt. On average, the internationally adopted children had been living with their families for more than 6 years. These children were compared to a group of American children raised in their birth families.Children adopted early from foster care didnt differ from children raised in their birth familie
35、s in the United States. Children adopted from institutional care performed worse than those raised in families on tests measuring visual memory and attention, learning visual information, and impulse （冲动）control. Yet these children performed at developmentally appropriate levels on tests involving s
36、equencing and planning.The take-home message: Children make tremendous advances in cognitive（认知的） functioning once they reach their adoptive families, but the early impact on their brains development is difficult to change completely.We identified basic learning processes that are affected by early
37、institutionalization, notes Seth Pollak, professor of psychology and pediatrics at the University of Wisconsin, who was the studys lead author. Policies that speed the time in which children can be removed from institutionalized care so they can develop within family contexts should be implemented t
38、o decrease the likelihood of learning problems later in childrens lives.1. The passage is mainly written to .A. compare two childcare systemsB. criticize the institutional childcareC. present a new research findingD. introduce the basic learning process答案解析：答案为C。本题为主旨大意题。本文运用了总-分-总的写作风格。注意文章第一段 “The
39、 amount of time children spend in institutional caremay affect how their brains develop.” 意为 “儿童受到机构式照顾的时间长短或许会影响大脑发育”，和最后一段Policies that speed the time in which children can be removed from institutionalized care so they can develop within family contexts should be implemented to decrease the likel
40、ihood of learning problems later in childrens lives. 可知，儿童应摆脱机构式照顾，而应在家庭环境下培养，从而降低他们以后有学习障碍的可能性” ，因此，文章主旨是在陈述一种新的发现。A，B，D都不是文章的主旨。2. Children have their brain development affected in institutional care because .A. they suffer form poor living conditionsB. they spend too much time learningC. they don
41、t have freedom staying thereD. they are neither physically nor mentally satisfied 答案解析：答案为D。本题为细节推断题。从文章第二段首句 “To learn how the lack of care and material needs that institutionalized children often experience affect brain development,”可知， 句中“care（照顾）” 对应D选项的 “mentally（精神地）”, “material needs（物质需求）” 对
42、应D选项的 “physically（身体地）”, 故答案为D。3Compared with home-raised children, institutionalized children didnt do as well in tasks like .A. thinking in pictures and self-controlB. working in teams and self-expressionC. putting things in order and self-defenseD. adapting to the environment and self-panning. 答案
43、解析：答案为A。本题为细节题。从文章的第三段 “Children adopted from institutional care performed worse than those raised in families on tests measuring visual memory and attention, learning visual information, and impulse control.” 可知，机构式照顾下的儿童比家庭环境下培养的儿童在视觉记忆、注意力、视觉信息和冲动控制上表现要差”, 故答案A “ 思考图片和自我控制” 意思符合文章的内容。4It can be c
44、oncluded form the passage that .A. the United States is a good place for childrens all-round developmentB. a perfect family is beneficial to childrens all-round developmentC. children in institutional care can hardly achieve anything greatD. nothing has been done to help children in institutional care 答案解析：答案为B。本题为主旨推断题。结合第一题，本文是在陈述一种观点，即：受到机构式照顾的儿童大脑发育会受到影响， 他们应在家庭环境下培养。A选项未提及；C、D选项太绝对。故答案为B。
