1、Section Learning about Language & Using Language.重点单词1fax (n.)传真(机) (vt)用传真传输(文件)2quarrel (n.)争吵；争论；吵架 (vi.)争吵；吵架3alike (adj.)相同的；类似的4fold (vt.)折叠；对折5sightseeing (n.)观光；游览6royal (adj.)王室的；皇家的；高贵的7uniform (n.)制服8splendid (adj.)壮丽的；辉煌的；极好的9statue (n.)塑像；雕像10error (n.)错误；过失；谬误11tense (n.)时态12consistent
2、 (adj.)一致的13description (n.)描写；描述describe (vt.)描写；描述14furnished (adj.)配备好装备的；带家具的furniture (n.)家具15possibility (n.)可能(性)possible (adj.)可能的16arrange (vt.)筹备；安排；整理arrangement (n.)安排；筹备工作17thrill (vt.)使激动；使胆战心惊thrill (n.)兴奋；激动thrilling (n.)毛骨悚然的；发抖的18delight (n.)快乐；高兴；喜悦 (vt.)使高兴；使欣喜delightful (adj.)令人
3、喜悦的delighted (adj.)高兴的；喜悦的19communism (n.)共产主义communist (n.)共产主义者.核心短语1take_the_place_of 代替2break_down (机器)损坏；破坏3make_a_list_of 把列出清单4to_ones_surprise 令某人吃惊的是5in memory of 为纪念 6ring out (噪音、钟声等)响；鸣 7on show 在展览 8be proud of 为感到自豪 .经典句式1Worried_about_the_time_available,_Zhang Pingyu had made a list o
4、f the sites she wanted to see in London.由于担心时间不够用，张萍玉早就把她想要在伦敦参观的景点列了一张清单。2There_followed_St_Pauls_Cathedral built after the terrible fire of London in 1666.接着参观的是圣保罗大教堂，它是1666年伦敦那场可怕的大火以后建造的。3It looked splendid when_first_built !刚建成的时候，它看起来真是金碧辉煌！4It_seemed_strange_that the man who had developed co
5、mmunism should_have_lived_and_died in London.这似乎是一件怪事：这位发展了共产主义的人竟然在伦敦生活过，并且在伦敦去世。1.联想记单词：字母a开头的表语形容词alike相似的；类似的alive 活着的，鲜活的alone 单独的，孤单asleep 睡着的awake 醒着的2名词用作动词quarrel n. 争吵；争论；吵架vi. 争吵；吵架delight n. 快乐；高兴；喜悦vt. 使高兴；使欣喜fax n. 传真(机)vt. 用传真传输(文件)3派生词：形容词后缀eddelight vt. 使高兴，使欣喜delighted adj. 高兴的，愉快的
6、thrill vt. 使激动；使胆战心惊thrilled adj. 非常兴奋的，激动的课文预读SIGHTSEEING IN LONDONWorried about the time available， Zhang Pingyu had made a list of the sites she wanted to see in London. Her first delight was going to the Tower. It was built long ago by the Norman invaders of AD 1066. Fancy！ This solid stone, squ
7、are tower had remained standing for one thousand years. Although the buildings had expanded around it, it remained part of a royal palace and prison combined. To her great surprise， Zhang Pingyu found the Queens jewels guarded by special royal soldiers who, on special occasions， still wore the fourh
8、undredyearold uniform of the time of Queen Elizabeth .sightseeing n观光；游览available adj. 可用的；可得到的；有效的she wanted to see in London为定语从句，修饰the sites。delight dIlaIt n. 快乐；高兴；喜悦 vt. 使高兴；使欣喜Fancy！是一个独词句。在此处fancy是一个动词。remain doing“一直在做；仍旧在做”，doing多为不及物动词，如standing，sitting等。expand vi. & vt. 扩大；扩展；详述royal rIl
9、adj. 王室的；皇家的；高贵的to her great surprise作状语，相当于much to her surprise，表示“令她很吃惊的是”。found the Queens jewels guarded为“find宾语宾语补足语”结构，其中宾语补足语由过去分词guarded充当。on special occasions在一些特殊的场合uniform junIfm n制服伦敦游记第1段译文由于担心时间不够用，张萍玉早就把她想要在伦敦参观的景点列了一张清单。她最先想参观的地方是伦敦塔。它是很久以前由入侵的诺曼人在公元1066年修建的。真是太棒了！这个坚实的用石头砌的方形塔已经屹立在那
10、里1 000年了。尽管在塔的四周扩建了一些建筑，但它仍然是皇宫和监狱联合体的一个组成部分。让张萍玉十分惊讶的是，她发现女王的珠宝由皇家的特别卫士守护着，而这些卫士在一些特殊的日子仍然穿着400年前伊丽莎白一世女王时的制服。There followed St Pauls Cathedral built after the terrible fire of London in 1666. It looked splendid when first built！ Westminster Abbey， too, was very interesting. It contained statues in
11、 memory of dead poets and writers, such as Shakespeare. Then just as she came out of the abbey, Pingyu heard the famous sound of the clock, Big Ben, ringing out the hour. She finished the day by looking at the outside of Buckingham Palace， the Queens house in London. Oh, she had so much to tell her
12、friends！St Pauls Cathedral 圣保罗大教堂过去分词短语built.1666作后置定语，修饰St Pauls Cathedral。splendid splendId adj. 壮丽的；辉煌的；极好的when first built为省略句，when之后省略了it was。Westminster Abbey westmInstbI威斯敏斯特教堂(英国名人墓地)statue sttu n. 塑像；雕像in memory of为纪念Buckingham bkIm Palace白金汉宫第2段译文接着参观的是圣保罗大教堂，它是在1666年伦敦那场可怕的大火以后建造的。刚建成的时候，
13、它看起来真是金碧辉煌！威斯敏斯特教堂也是个很有意思的地方，里面珍藏着一些纪念已故诗人和作家的雕像，如莎士比亚的雕像。正当萍玉从大教堂往外走的时候，她听到了著名的大本钟在整点敲响的钟声。她参观了女王的伦敦住所白金汉宫的外景，以此结束了一天的观光。啊，她要同朋友们讲的实在太多了！ what interested her most为what引导的主语从句。longitude lndItjud n. 经线；经度latitude n. 纬度imaginary ImdInrI adj. 想象中的；假想的；虚构的现在分词短语dividing.world作后置定语，修饰an imaginary line。na
14、vigationn. 导航；航行pass through穿过现在分词短语standing on either side of the line作状语。第3段译文第二天，萍玉参观了格林尼治，看到了古老的轮船和那座著名的为世界定时的钟。她最感兴趣的是那条经线。它是一条假想的线，它把世界分成东西两半球，从而有利于航海。这条线穿过格林尼治，所以萍玉就跨着这条线拍了一张照片。Highgate Cemetery haIgeItsemtrI 海格特墓地(英伦敦北郊，内有马克思及其家人的坟墓)It seemed strange that.看起来奇怪的是，it为形式主语，that引导的从句为真正的主语。comm
15、unism kmjnIzm n共产主义original rIdnl adj. 最初的；原始的；独创的；新颖的thrill rIl vt.使激动；使胆战心惊过去分词短语displayed in the museum作后置定语，修饰treasures。saw many visitors enjoying looking at为see sb. doing结构。on show展出中；陈列着(此处on show作后置定语)was leaving为过去进行时，表示过去将来。第45段译文最后一天，她参观了伦敦海格特墓地里卡尔马克思的雕像。这似乎是一件怪事：这位发展了共产主义的人竟然在伦敦生活过，并且在伦敦去
16、世。不仅如此，他还在著名的大英博物馆图书馆的阅览室里工作过。遗憾的是，这个图书馆已经从原来的地方搬到另一座大楼里去了，而原来的阅览室也就没有了。但是令她感到最为震惊的却是博物馆里展出的那么多来自不同文化的奇妙宝物。当萍玉看到那么多参观者用欣赏的目光注视着漂亮的中国古代陶瓷和其他展品时，她心里充满了对祖国的自豪感。第二天，萍玉就要离开伦敦去温莎城堡了。快要睡着时，她想：“也许我能见到女王呢？”课文理解.Read the text and then find out the main idea of each paragraph.AVisiting the Karl Marxs statue an
17、d the Library of the British Museum.BVisiting the Tower.CA visit to Greenwich.DVisiting the St Pauls Cathedral, the Westminster Abbey, and Buckingham Palace.EThe visit plan of the next day.Paragraph 1 BParagraph 2 DParagraph 3 CParagraph 4 AParagraph 5 E.Read the text carefully and judge the followi
18、ng statements true (T) or false (F)1The Tower was built long ago by the Norman invaders of AD 1066.(T)2The Westminster Abbey contained statues in memory of dead poets and writers.(T)3The longitude line interested Pingyu most when she visited Greenwich during the second day. (T)4In London Zhang Pingy
19、u also saw the beautiful old Chinese pots and other objects. (T)5Zhang Pingyu had sightseeing in London for four days.(F).Scan the text and then choose the best answer according to the text.1What was the great surprise to Zhang Pingyu while visiting the Tower?AThe shape of the Tower.BA royal palace.
20、CThe guards uniform.DThe Queens rings.答案：C2Which was NOT the place Zhang visited on the first day?AThe Tower. BSt Pauls Cathedral.CWestminster Abbey.DGreenwich.答案：D3Tourists to the British Museum in London may enjoy all the following EXCEPT _.AKarl Marxs worksBKarl Marxs reading roomCtreasures of di
21、fferent culturesDChinese pots答案：B4Where would Pingyu go next?AWindsor Castle.BKarl Marxs statue.CGreenwich. DBuckingham Palace.答案：A1 (教材P12)Do these differences cause conflicts or quarrels?这些差异会引起冲突或争论吗？have a quarrel with sb.about/over sth. 为某事与某人争吵quarrel with sb.about/over sth. 因某事同某人争吵即学即用John r
22、an away from home after a quarrel with his wife.约翰和妻子吵了一架后离家出走了。He has never had a quarrel with his wife about/over the living expense.他从未与妻子就生活开销问题吵架。Those children are always quarrelling with each other about/over little things.那些孩子们总是为小事而争吵。2 (教材P13)They had no time to arrange their own wedding,
23、so they had it organized by a company.他们没有时间准备婚礼，所以他们让一家公司为其筹备。(1)arrange sth. for sb.为某人安排好某事arrange (for sb.) to do sth. 安排(某人)做某事(2)arrangement n. 安排；筹备make arrangements for 为做安排即学即用I want to arrange a picnic with friends this weekend.我想安排与朋友们在这个周末进行一次野餐。Its not necessary for parents to arrange e
24、verything for their children.父母没有必要为孩子安排好一切。We have already made arrangements (arrange) for our vacation.我们已经为假期做了安排。名师点津arrange不能用于arrange sb.to do sth.结构，应是arrange for sb.to do sth.。He has arranged for Mr Chen to attend the meeting.他已安排陈先生去参加会议。3 (教材P14)Her first delight was going to the Tower.她最先
25、想参观的地方是伦敦塔。(1)take (great) delight in (doing) sth. 以(做)某事为乐with delight 高兴地；愉快地to ones delightto the delight of sb. 使某人高兴的是(2)delight sb.with sth.用某物使某人高兴即学即用To my great delight, the first prize came to me.令我十分高兴的是，我获得了一等奖。On hearing that she was admitted to Beijing University, she ran back home wit
26、h_delight.一听到被北京大学录取的消息，她兴高采烈地跑回家。He often takes delight in telling (tell) funny stories to the children.他时常以给孩子们讲滑稽可笑的故事为乐。联想归纳“to onesn.”短语大集合to ones joy/pleasure使某人高兴的是to ones satisfaction使某人满意的是to ones astonishment/surprise使某人吃惊的是to ones regret使某人遗憾的是to ones credit为带来荣誉；值得赞扬4 (教材P16)Make sure th
27、at tenses are consistent.确保时态一致。be consistent with.与一致be consistent in. 在方面一致即学即用Durant, who won the FMVP of the 2017 season, was the most consistent player in the team.杜兰特当选2017赛季总决赛最有价值球员，他一直是队中发挥最稳定的球员。As is known to all, he is consistent in his arguments.众所周知，他的论点始终如一。The results are entirely co
28、nsistent with our earlier research.这些结果与我们早些时候的研究完全吻合。1 (教材P12)All of the words below can take the place of said, but they are used under different conditions and in different situations.下面所有这些词都能代替动词said，但它们在不同的条件和情形下使用。(1)take place发生；举行take ones place 站好位置；就位；跻身于； 坐某人的座位；代替某人的职位(2)in place of 代替i
29、n ones place 代替某人；处于某人的处境in place 在适当的位置in the first place 首先；第一即学即用Sending emails has almost taken the place of writing letters now.现在发送电子邮件几乎已经代替了写信。As we all know, the next Winter Olympics will take_place in China.众所周知，下届冬季奥运会将在中国举行。His new work will take_its_place among the most important painti
30、ngs of the century.他的新作品将跻身于本世纪最重要的绘画作品之列。Robots can now do such dangerous jobs in_place_of human beings.机器人现在可以代替人类做这类危险工作。联想归纳表示“代替”的表达法(1)动词(短语)有：take the place of, take sb.s place, replace(2)介词短语有：in place of, in ones place, instead of break down (机器)损坏；破坏；消除；(讨论、谈判等)失败；身体垮掉；砸破；(化学)使分解)(教材P13)On
31、 my way to the station my car broke down.在去车站的路上，我的汽车坏了。写出下列句中break down的含义The printing machines are always breaking down.(机器)损坏 Sugar and starch are broken down in the stomach.使分解 His health broke down because he had been working too hard.身体垮掉 The talks between the two sides have broken down.(谈判等)失
32、败 break up分散；拆散；驱散；(关系等)破裂break in 打断(谈话)；插嘴break into/in 闯入break out (战争、火灾等)爆发break through 突破；穿透break away from 脱离(政党)；打破(陈规、陋习)即学即用She broke off the conversation and answered the phone.她中断了谈话去接电话。The boy was so angry that he broke_away_from his mother and ran away.这个男孩如此生气以至于他挣脱开母亲跑开了。There was
33、no one nearby who might see him trying to break into the house.附近没有人可能会看见他试图闯入那座房子里。when first built为时间状语从句的省略形式，补充完整为when it was first built。状语从句省略的条件when, while, before, after, unless, as if等状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致或状语从句中的主语为it，状语从句谓语中含有be动词状语从句的省略成分省略从句中的主语和be动词If chosen, Mr Brown, who is rich in experien
34、ce, will turn out to be an excellent manager.如果被当选，经验丰富的布朗先生会成为一名优秀的经理。Fill in a proper preposition where (it is) necessary.在需要的地方填入一个适当的介词。名师点津省略句中的谓语动词和主语构成主动关系，则使用现在分词；若构成被动关系，则使用过去分词；若谓语动词表示动作尚未发生，则使用不定式。When surfing (surf) on the Internet, I found the news.当上网时，我发现了这条消息。When asked (ask) about t
35、he secret of his success, he said that he owed much of his success and happiness to his wife and children.当被问及成功的秘密时，他说他的成功和幸福很大部分归功于妻子和孩子。He opened his mouth as if to_say (say) something.他张开嘴好像要说什么。.单句语法填空1She likes to have a quarrel with neighbors about little things.2Chemicals in the body break d
36、own our food into useful substances.3The Jibo robot, arranged to_ship (ship) later this year, is designed to be a personalized assistant.4Though computers can do a lot of work man cant do, they cant completely take the place of human beings.5It is a delight to_see (see) you so fit and healthy.6Some
37、stars fame is not consistent with their behavior, which often lets the fans down.7Lost (lose) in thought, he almost ran into a tree.8This problem may lead to more serious ones if left (leave) unsolved.选词填空break down，to my delight，be consistent in，take place，arrange for，quarrel with1He quarrelled_wit
38、h his girlfriend yesterday and now they have made up.2The sports meeting which is to take_place this Friday has to be put off because of the heavy rain these days.3To our disappointment, our car broke_down on the way and we had to walk to our destination.4Can you arrange_for us to visit the museum tomorrow?No problem.5To_my_delight,_Michael sang high praise for my great achievements before my classmates, which made me feel proud of myself.6He was_consistent_in what he said, and there was no mistake in his speech.
