1、Section Learning about Language & Using Language根据提示写出下列单词1 n图表2 adj.积极的；肯定的；确定的3 vi. & vt.(使)旋转；纺(线或纱)4 adj.热情的；热心的5 adj.小心的；谨慎的6 vt.拒绝；不接受；抛弃7 vt.建设；修建8 vt.& vi.捐献；贡献；捐助【答案】1.chart2.positive3.spin 4enthusiastic5.cautious6.reject7.construct 8contribute根据提示写出下列短语1apart 除之外；此外2(be)strict .对严格的3make 讲
2、得通；有意义4lead 通向；导致5come to end结束6 times有时7make room 为腾地方8be responsible 对负责【答案】1.from2.with3.sense4.to5.an6.at7.for8.for根据提示补全下列教材原句1 did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。2He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system and only the moon
3、 still going round the earth.他把固定的太阳放在太阳系的中心，别的行星都围绕太阳转动，只有月亮仍然围绕地球转动。【答案】1.Only if you put the sun there2.with the planets going round it阅读P7的教材原文，并从四个选项中选择最佳答案1Copernicus felt confused and frightened，because Ahis conclusion was against that of the Christian ChurchBhis calculations were wrongChis f
4、indings were for the Christian ChurchDhe failed to prove his theory2The theory that the earth was the centre of the universe couldnt explain that AGod had made the worldBall the planets moved around the earthCsome planets appeared brighter at times and less bright at othersDthe Christian Church was
5、powerful3It was obvious that Copernicus reached his conclusion by Areasoning and imaginationBobservation and calculationCobservation and imaginationDcalculation and imagination4From this passage，we know that the theories of Newton，Albert Einstein and Stephen Hawking about the universe Copernicus the
6、ory.Aare based onBhave little withCare the same asDare somewhat related to5Why does the writer say that it was right for Copernicus to be careful?ABecause the Christian Church would have attacked him if he had published his ideas.BBecause science needs ones caution and carefulness.CBecause Copernicu
7、s needed further proofs before he announced his theories.DBecause none of the people of his time would have believed in his ideas.【答案】15ACBAA阅读P7教材原文，在下列表格的空格处填入一个最恰当的单词Copernicus Revolutionary TheoryCopernicus discovery and troubleNot the earth but the sun was the 1. of the solar system.He could no
8、t publish his theory because the Christian Church would have punished him.The reasons why the earth was not the centre of the solar systemSome 2. sometimes stopped，moved 3. and then went forward in a loop and others appeared brighter at times and less bright at others.Copernicus research into the pr
9、oblemHe collected 4. of the stars and used all his 5. knowledge to explain them.Publishing of Copernicus theoryHe showed his theory privately to his friends and was 6. to publish his ideas，but Copernicus was so 7. that he published it before his death in 1543.The effects of Copernicus theoryThe Chri
10、stian Church 8. his theory and even attacked the people who supported it.His theory is the basis on which our ideas of the 9. are built.His theory also replaced the Christian idea of 10. .【答案】1.centre2.planets3.backward4observations5.mathematical6.encouraged7cautious8.rejected9.universe10.gravity co
11、nstruction n结构；建设；建筑物；解释；意义(教材P4)Look at these simple verbs and make another construction using makeanoun.看这些简单的动词，并用“makea名词”构成另一个结构。construct vt.建筑；建造；创建；组成be constructed of/out of/from sth.由建成constructive adj.建设性的；有助于的；积极的constructor n.建筑者；制造者(be)under construction正在建设中；在施工put a construction on对进
12、行解释The house was constructed out of wood.这幢房子是用木头建造的。Most of the factories under construction have been designed by the Chinese designers.这些修建中的大多数工厂都是由中国设计师设计的。construct建造destroy破坏construction建造destruction破坏constructive建设性的destructive破坏性的 contribute vt.& vi.捐献；贡献；捐助；导致；投稿；发表意见contribute.to.把贡献给cont
13、ribute to促进；有助于；发表意见contribution n.捐献；贡献；捐助；稿件make a contribution to/towards doing sth.对做贡献Many warmhearted people contributed some money to the sick girl.许多热心肠的人为那个生病的女孩捐献了一些钱。Fresh air and exercise contribute to good health.新鲜空气和锻炼有益于健康。He made an outstanding contribution to science.他对科学做出了杰出的贡献。图
14、文详解contribute捐款；贡献投稿 【导学号：86924004】Many kind people (给捐钱)the poor boy， (这促成了) his returning to school.The boy said he would (为做贡献) our society when he grew up.A reporter wrote a story about the boy and (向投稿)a newspaper.【答案】contributed money to；which contributed to；make a contribution to；contributed
15、it to (教材P7)His friends were enthusiastic and encouraged him to publish his ideas，but Copernicus was cautious他的朋友们都很热心并鼓励他发表他的理论，但是哥白尼很小心。(1)enthusiastic adj.热心的；热情的The singer got an enthusiastic reception.那个歌手受到了热情招待。be enthusiastic about对迷恋；狂热be enthusiastic to do sth.非常喜欢做某事enthusiastically adv.热
16、情地enthusiasm n.热情；热心Although shes a beginner，she played with great enthusiasm.虽然她是个新手，但演奏时却充满了激情。Mary seems very enthusiastic about pop music.玛丽热衷于流行音乐。(2)cautious adj.十分小心的；谨慎的be cautious of/about sth.小心某事；提防某事be cautious (not) to do小心(别)做caution n.小心；谨慎 vt.告诫；警告with caution小心翼翼caution sb.of/about
17、sth.警告某人当心某事caution sb.against (doing) sth.警告某人不做某事cautiously adj.十分小心地；谨慎地She is very cautious of/about hurting his feelings.她小心翼翼免得伤害他的感情。We should be cautious not to make a lot of noise after ten in the evening.我们应当心晚上10点后不要发出太大的声音。Mother cautioned me about the icy road.妈妈警告我当心结冰后的道路。 reject vt.拒
18、绝；不接受；抛弃(教材P7)The Christian Church rejected his theory，saying it was against Gods idea and people who supported it would be attacked.基督教会拒绝接受他的新理论，说这种理论违背了上帝的旨意，谁支持这一理论都将受到攻击。reject/refusereject常用于正式场合，用于拒绝对方的请求、申请、提议等，另外还有“抛弃、剔除”之意，后面常接名词，不接不定式。refuse普通用词，后接双宾语、名词或不定式，不接不定式的复合宾语和宾语从句。reject，refuseJ
19、im by every college he applied to.Whats worse，his father also help him.吉姆被他申请的所有大学拒绝了，更糟糕的是，他父亲也拒绝帮助他。【答案】was rejected；refused to apart from除之外；此外(教材P4)Apart from the construction mentioned above，you have also learned the following phrases.除了以上提到的结构，你们还学过以下短语。besides/except/apart from/except forbesi
20、des除还有，除去的部分包括在内，表示在整体中加上一部分。except除没有，除去的部分不包括在内，表示在整体中减去一部分。apart from有多重含义，既可表示besides，也可表示except或except for，其前常加逗号或置于句首。except for除去个别，整体还可以(强调“美中不足”之意)。apart from，besides，except，except for their house in London，they also have a villa in Spain.他们在伦敦有一座房子，此外在西班牙还有一座别墅。Everything was perfect the w
21、eather.除了天气之外，一切都很完美。I dont know much about the man that hes a fool.我除了知道他是个傻瓜外，其他情况所知甚少。The shop is open every day on Sundays.除了星期天之外，这家商店每天都营业。【答案】Apart from/Besidesexcept for/apart fromexceptexcept make sense有意义；讲得通；有道理(教材P7)Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in
22、the sky make sense.只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。make sense of.弄懂的意思make no sense无意义common sense常识in a sense在某种意义上theres no sense in doing sth.做是没有道理/作用的a sense of.一种感Can you make sense of the sentence?你懂这个句子吗？My familys from this area，so in a sense its like coming home.我家来自这个地区，所以在一定意义上就像是回家。.单句语
23、法填空1He became a (construct)worker after he left school.2The Chinese people have made a great (contribute)to the whole world.3The leadership of the (move)are in agreement on this issue.4That painful experience makes them (caution)in the future.【答案】1.construction2.contribution 3movement4.cautious.句型转换
24、1A new railway is being built in our hometown.A new railway is under construction in our hometown.2Besides an EnglishChinese dictionary，I also have a ChineseEnglish dictionary.Apart from an EnglishChinese dictionary，I also have a ChineseEnglish dictionary.3It is believed that plenty of fresh air lea
25、ds to good health.It is believed that plenty of fresh air contributes to good health.4Only after I read the poem a second time did I understand it.Only after I read the poem a second time did I make sense of it. (教材P7)Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky ma
26、ke sense.只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才说得清楚。【要点提炼】本句是一个由only修饰状语放在句首引起的倒装。“only状语”置于句首时句子要使用部分倒装，即把句子谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词be放在主语之前。Only in this way can you work out the problem.只有这样，你才能算出这道题来。Only then did he realize he was wrong.只是到了那时，他才意识到他错了。Only when he returned did I understand the truth.直到他回来后，我才弄明白真相
27、。如果only修饰的不是状语，即使放在句首，句子也不倒装。Only she can do it well，for she is more experienced.只有她才能把它做好，因为她更有经验。only if/if onlyonly if意为“只要；只有”，通常引导陈述语气的真实条件句if only意为“但愿；要是就好了”，常引导虚拟语气的条件句if only，only if you eat the correct foods will you be able to keep fit. I could see him again!【答案】Only ifIf only (教材P7)He pl
28、aced a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth他把固定的太阳放在太阳系的中心，别的行星都围绕太阳转动，只有月亮仍然围绕地球转动。【要点提炼】此句为复杂的简单句，其中“with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth”为with的复合结构，在句中作伴随状语。She went shopp
29、ing with her daughter accompanying her.在女儿的陪同下，她去购物了。with复合结构由“with宾语宾语补足语”组成，常在句中作状语，表示谓语动作发生的伴随情况、时间、原因、方式等，也可作定语。其构成有下列几种情形：with名词(或代词)With prices going up so fast，we cant afford luxuries.由于物价上涨很快，我们买不起奢侈品。(原因状语)With a lot of work to do，he wasnt allowed to go out.因为有很多工作要做，他没有被允许外出。(原因状语).一句多译1只有
30、成年人陪同儿童方可入场。 (倒装句)2有很多作业要做，他现在没时间玩。 (用分词短语) (用with复合结构)【答案】1.Children are admitted only if accompanied by an adult.Only if (they are)accompanied by an adult are children admitted.2Having a lot of homework to do，he has no time for play now.With a lot of homework to do，he has no time for play now.将下列句子中的画线部分改写成 with 的复合结构1After our homework was finished，we went to play football. ，we went to play football.2The children came running towards us and held some flowers in their handsThe children came running towards us 【答案】1.With our homework finished2.with some flowers in their hands
