1、浙江慈溪市2016高考英语阅读理解二轮训练题（4）及答案阅读理解。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。It is true that shyness can be a disadvantage socially for those who suffer from it seriously. I mean real shyness, not somebody who is simply quiet. Quiet people could be shy, but on the other hand, they may just be observing becau
2、se they are unsure of you or others in your company. They may be capable of being extrovert (性格外向的) and sociable, but on some particular occasions, they are quiet.I have learnt from my experience that those who observe and listen more and talk less can gain a position of strength. This means that ev
3、en a very shy person, the type who is reluctant to talk in company (在交际场合) , especially new company, can become a strong person in just about anything they choose. Remember, knowledge is power, and a shy introvert (性格内向的人) is in a better position to gain knowledge than an extrovert. Introverted peop
4、le can give great attention to learning, and as good listeners they can take in an enormous amount from others. Over time, people can come to respect them far more than the extrovert who speaks a lot. Usually about themselves.What does it take , then for a very shy person to be that successful perso
5、n they have always wanted to be ? They may only need one more thing to push themselves on their way. They need to dare themselves to take the leap; and when they do , they will probably find all the knowledge they have gained over the years will help them on their way to the top in their chosen fiel
6、d.9. What does the first paragraph mainly want to tell us?A. A person who is quiet may not be shy. B. A shy person may not be a calm one.C. Quiet people are usually doubtful. D. Shyness is sometimes a bad feature.10. The underlined word “reluctant” in paragraph 2 probably means _.A. lazy B. careful
7、C. eager D. unwilling11. According to the author, introverted people can be successful because they usually _.A. have a strong will B. talk less and show off lessC. learn more than extroverts D. have a good attitude to learning12. It can be learned from the last paragraph that “one more thing” proba
8、bly refers to _.A. energy B. courage C. quietness D. knowledge【参考答案】9、AD 1112、CB阅读理解。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。Sports is not only physically challenging, but it can also mentally challenging. Criticism（批评）from coaches(trainers), parents, and other teammates, as well as pressure to win can c
9、reate too much anxiety or stress for young athletes. Stress can be physical, emotional, or psychological, and research has showed that it can lead to burnout. Burnout has been described as dropping or quitting of an activity that was at one time enjoyable.The early years of development are critical
10、years for learning about oneself. The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place. Young athletes can, for example, learn how to cooperate with others, make friends, and gain other social skills that will be used throughout their lives. Coaches and parents should be aware(realize)
11、, at all times, that their feedback（反馈）to youngsters can greatly affect their children. Youngsters may take their parents and coaches criticisms to heart and find a flaw（缺陷） in themselves.Coaches and parents should also be cautious(careful) that youth sport participation does not become work for chi
12、ldren. The outcome of the game should not be more important than the process of learning the sport and other life lessons. In todays youth sport setting, young athletes may be worrying more about who will win instead of enjoying themselves and the sport. Following a game, many parents and coaches fo
13、cus on(pay more attention to) the outcome and find fault with youngsters performances. Positive reinforcement should be provided in spite of the outcome. Research shows that positive reinforcement motivates and has a greater effect on learning than criticism. Again, criticism can create high levels
14、of stress(pressure), which can lead to burnout.13. According to the passage sport is positive for young people in that .A. it can help them learn more about societyB. it teaches them how to set realistic goals for themselvesC. it enables them to find flaws in themselvesD. it can provide them with va
15、luable experiences14. According to the passage parents and coaches should .A. help children to win every gameB. pay more attention to letting children enjoy sportsC. enable children to understand the positive aspect of sportsD. train children to deal with stress15. The authors purpose in writing the
16、 passage is .A. to persuade young children not to worry about criticismB. to emphasize the importance of positive reinforcement to childrenC. to discuss the skill of combing criticism with encouragementD. to teach young athletes how to avoid burnout【参考答案】1315、DBB阅读理解。Everybody is happy as his pay ri
17、ses. Yet pleasure at your own can disappear if you learn that a fellow worker has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he is known as being lazy, you might even be quite cross. Such behavior is regarded as “all too human”, with the underlying belief that other animals would not be able to have this f
18、inely developed sense of sadness. But a study by Sarah Brosnan of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well. The researchers studied the behaviors of some kind of female brown monkeys. They look smart. They are good-nat
19、ured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food happily. Above all, like female human beings, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males. Such characteristics make them perfect subjects for Doctor Brosnans study. The researchers spent two years tea
20、ching their monkeys to exchange tokens (奖券) for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for pieces of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate and connected rooms, so that each other could observe what the other is getting in return for its rock, t
21、hey became quite different. In the world of monkeys，grapes are excellent goods (and much preferable to cucumbers). So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was not willing to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to
22、 provide her token in exchange at all, the other either shook her own token at the researcher, or refused to accept the cucumber. Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other room (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to bring about dissatisfaction in a female monkey.The researches su
23、ggest that these monkeys, like humans, are guided by social senses. In the wild, they are co-operative and group-living. Such co-operation is likely to be firm only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of anger when unfairly treated, it seems, are not the nature of human beings a
24、lone. Refusing a smaller reward completely makes these feelings clear to other animals of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness developed independently in monkeys and humans, or whether it comes from the common roots that they had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered questi
25、on. 1. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true? A. Only monkeys and humans can have the sense of fairness in the world. B. Women will show more dissatisfaction than men when unfairly treated. C. In the wild, monkeys are never unhappy to share their food with each other.D.
26、 Monkeys can exchange cucumbers for grapes, for grapes are more attractive. 答案解析：答案为B。本题为推断题，考生需通读全文进行推断。本文讲述了当受到不公平待遇的时候，每个人都会生气，包括动物。但是雌性的动物比雄性的动物更加在意不公平的待遇，研究中用猴子作为实验来证明这一点。文章中第二段 “Above all, like female human beings, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” tha
27、n males.” 与第三段 “Such characteristics make them perfect subjects for Doctor Brosnans study.” 都有此表达，故答案为B “当受到不公平待遇的时候，女性比男性更加不满”。 从最后一段 “Refusing a smaller reward completely makes these feelings clear to other animals of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness developed independently in
28、monkeys and humans, or whether it comes from the common roots that they had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.”中可知，independently (独立)对应A选项中的only，whetheroran unanswered question（是否或者未知的问题）的表达方式与A选项的意思 “只有猴子与人类才具有公平意识” 不同，故A选项是错误的。从第三段 “Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to
29、 exchange pieces of rock for pieces of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate and connected rooms, so that each other could observe what the other is getting in return for its rock, they became quite different.”可知，猴子乐意用石块交换黄瓜，但是当看到另外一只猴子因为石块得到的回报，态度就不一样了。因此C选项 “猴子从不会不高兴彼此分享食物” 与
30、该句意思不符。从第四段首句 “In the world of monkeys，grapes are excellent goods (and much preferable to cucumbers).” 中注意 “excellent (极好的)” 与 “ preferable(更好的)” 两词，与D选项 “for grapes are more attractive（更具有吸引力的）” 意思不一致。综上分析，A, C, D都不符合文章意思。2. The underlined statement “it is all too monkey” means that _. A. monkeys a
31、re also angry with lazy fellows B. feeling bitter at unfairness is also monkeys nature C. monkeys, like humans, tend to be envious of each other D. no animals other than monkeys can develop such feelings 答案解析：答案为B。本题为句意推断题。结合文章第一段中 “all too human”前面的内容是说当得知别人懒惰却加薪更多的时候，人人都会生气，这是人的本能。接下来提到的 “it is al
32、l too monkey” 也是表达 “猴子受到不公平待遇的时候感到痛苦也是猴子的本能。”的意思。故答案为B。A选项 “猴子对懒惰的同伴也会生气”, C选项 “猴子像人类一样会彼此嫉妒”, D选项 “除了猴子没有其他的动物会有那种感觉” 都与文章意思不符。3. Female monkeys of this kind are chosen for the research most probably because they are _ . A. more likely to weigh what they get B. attentive to researchers instructions
33、 C. nice in both appearance and behaviorsD. more ready to help others than their male companions 答案解析：答案为A。本题为细节推理题。从文章中第二段 “Above all, like female human beings, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males.” 与第三段 “Such characteristics make them perfect subj
34、ects for Doctor Brosnans study.” 可知，雌性的猴子作为实验是因为她们比雄性的猴子更加关注 “物品与服务” 的价值。A选项 “她们更有可能掂量（weigh）她们得到的”, 与上述分析意思一致，故答案为A。B和D在文章中都未提到；C并不是根本的原因。4. Which of the following conclusions is TRUE according to the passage? A. Human beings feelings of anger are developed from the monkeys. B. In the research, mal
35、e monkeys are less likely to exchange food with others. C. Co-operation between monkeys stays firm before the realization of being cheated. D. Only monkeys and humans have the sense of fairness which dates back to 35 million years ago. 答案解析：答案为C。本题为细节理解题。从文章最后一段 “Such co-operation is likely to be fi
36、rm only when each animal feels it is not being cheated.” 可知，只有当每个动物感觉没有被欺骗的时候合作的态度才是坚定的”, C选项的意思 “意识到被欺骗之前猴子之间的合作非常坚定” 与上述分析一致。解答此题注意同义句的转换表达。A, B, D 与文章意思不符合。5. What can we infer about the monkeys in Sarahs study? A. The monkeys can be trained to develop social senses. B. They usually show their fe
37、elings openly as humans do.C. The monkeys may show their satisfaction with equal treatment. D. Co-operation among the monkeys remains effective in the wild. 答案解析：答案为C。本题为推断题。文章中说，猴子受到不公平待遇的时候会生气，这句话的意思就是C选项的表达 “猴子受到公平待遇的时候会满意”，故答案为C。解答此题仍然要注意推理题设置的技巧：用不同的表达方式来表达同样的意思。从文章最后一段 “The researches suggest that these monkeys, like humans, are guided by social senses. In the wild, they are co-operative and group-living.” 可知，猴子自身就有社会意识，而不是通过训练获得，故A错误。B，D在文章中未提及。
