1、Unit 4 Looking good,feeling goodGrammar and usage & Integrated skills1. contribute vi. & vt. 是的原因之一; 捐赠, 捐献; 增加, 添加*(2018江苏高考)No doubt the theater has contributed to the areas development and economic growth. 毫无疑问, 剧院为该地区的发展和经济增长做出了贡献。【词块积累】 (1)contribute to 促成, 造成contribute. . . to. . . 为捐献(2)contr
2、ibutionn. 贡献; 捐助 make contributions/a contribution to. . . 为做出贡献(1)The Chinese people have made a greater contribution to mankind. 中国人已经为人类做出了较大的贡献。(2)The Song Dynasty contributed three great inventions to world civilization. 宋朝为世界文明贡献了三大发明。(3)I hope my suggestions will contribute to solving the pro
3、blem. 我希望我的建议将有助于解决这个问题。【熟词生义】She continued to contribute articles to sports magazines. 她继续给体育杂志写稿子。(vt. 为写稿)【小词汇大文化】Love ignites hope and contributes to the future. 爱心点燃希望, 奉献成就未来。2. in the short term 从短期看*(教材原句)In the short term, people with sleep problems often feel tired and have trouble concent
4、rating. 从短期看, 有睡眠问题的人经常感到疲倦, 难以集中注意力。【词块积累】in the long term/run就长期而言; 从长远来看in terms of. . . 就来说; 从角度(1)Protecting our environment is very expensive, but in the long term, it is worth it. 保护我们的环境是非常昂贵的, 但从长远来看, 它是值得的。(2)However, in terms of nutrition, fast food is far from satisfactory. 然而, 在营养方面, 快餐
5、食品远远不能令人满意。(3)Research suggests that prizes may work in the short term but have bad influences in the long term. 研究表明, 奖金可能在短期内奏效, 但在长期内会产生不良影响。3. attack n. 发作; 攻击; 抨击vt. &vi. 攻击; 侵袭; 抨击*(教材原句)In the long term, they may be at increased risk of having a poor memory, being overweight and suffering a h
6、eart attack. 从长期看, 他们记忆力差、超重和心脏病发作的风险可能会增加。【词块积累】 (1)attack sb. with sth. 用某物攻击某人be attacked with. . . (患)病, 得(病)(2)make an attack on/upon攻击, 向进攻under attack遭到的攻击/抨击a heart attack心脏病突发(1)When a leafy plant is under attack, it doesnt sit quietly. 当多叶植物受到攻击时, 它不会坐以待毙。(2)They sent out troops to make an
7、 attack upon the enemy. 他们出兵进攻敌人。(3)Some naughty children often attack the passers-by with stones on the road. 一些顽皮的孩子经常在路上用石头袭击路人。4. amount n. 数量*(2020新高考全国卷)Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. 胖演员和瘦演员都吃了大量的食物。【导图理词】(1)I had not expected such an amount of praise
8、. 我没料到受到这么多赞扬。(2)A large amount of damage has been done in the past few days. 在过去的几天内造成了大量损害。(3)He must memorize large amounts of material. 他必须背熟大量材料。【名师点津】an amount of, a (large, great) amount of, amounts of 修饰不可数名词作主语, 其谓语的数取决于amount 的数。*A large amount of money was spent on the bridge. *Large amou
9、nts of money were spent on the bridge. 在这座桥上花了大量资金。5. schedule n. 日程安排, 工作计划; 时间表*(经典例句)The contest, which is scheduled to be held in our school hall on January 18th, will focus on the traditional Chinese culture. 比赛将于1月18日在我校礼堂举行, 主题是中国传统文化。【词块积累】 (1)ahead of schedule 提前on schedule 按时, 按时间表(2)sched
10、ulevt. 安排; 为安排时间be scheduled to do sth. 按计划/安排做某事(1)The school bus arrived at school on schedule. 校车按时到达学校。(2)The new bridge has been finished two years ahead of schedule. 新桥提前两年落成。(3)The trip is scheduled to start on December 21 in New York City. 这次旅行定于12月21日从纽约启程。【要点拾遗】memory n. 记忆力, 记性; 记忆, 回忆(20
11、20新高考全国卷)Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earharts final flight. 评委将选出50名优秀奖得主, 每人将获得一件T恤, 以纪念埃尔哈特的最后一次飞行。【词块积累】 (1)in memory of 为了纪念in ones memory 在某人的脑海里have a good/bad memory for 对的记忆好/差(2)memorize vt. 记住(1)In memory of our happy
12、times here weve planted a little garden. 为了纪念我们共度的美好时光, 我们在这建造了一座小花园。(2)She has an excellent memory for names. 她对名字有极好的记忆力。 (3)This small town used to be quiet and beautiful in my memory. 在我的记忆中, 这个小镇曾经是宁静而美丽的。关系副词引导的限制性定语从句【语法感知】观察以下课文原句并思考黑体部分的功能与构成: 1. It is normal for teenagers to be slightly ov
13、erweight and there is no reason why they should be worried. 2. In a society where being thin is often seen as being beautiful, teenagers sometimes turn to extreme methods to slim down quickly. 3. Do you remember a time when you had no worries stopping you from getting a good nights rest? 4. They are
14、 still growing, and night is the time when their bodies grow faster. 5. Teenagers who do not sleep well may experience situations where body development slows down, and their health suffers. 6. One of the reasons why people fail to get a good nights sleep is pressure from school or work. 【归纳填空】【语法精讲
15、】关系副词先行词功能when表时间的名词时间状语where表地点的名词地点状语why表原因的名词原因状语1. 关系副词when引导的定语从句关系副词when引导定语从句时, 先行词应是表示时间的名词, 如time, day, hour, year等。关系副词在从句中作时间状语。*Mr Smith owned this oil painting until the early 1990s, when he gave it to his grandson. *(2019江苏高考)We have entered into an age when dreams have the best chance
16、 of coming true. 【名师点津】when/which/that引导定语从句表时间when是关系副词, 在从句中只能作状语, 而不能作宾语或主语。关系词如果在从句中作主语或宾语要用关系代词which或that。Do you remember the days when we chatted with each other all night? 你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗? (when在从句中作状语)Do you remember the days that/which we spent together on the farm? 你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗? (t
17、hat或which作spent的宾语)【即学活用】用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空(1)At the age when other people retire, Francis began the greatest cause in his life. (2)There are occasions when one must yield. (3)I have forgotten the exact date when the country became independent. (4)I like to look back on my high-school days, which were
18、the happiest in my life. 2. 关系副词where引导的定语从句关系副词where引导定语从句时, 先行词应是表示地点的名词, 如place, factory, house, village等或抽象地点的名词point, situation, condition, stage和case等。关系副词在从句中作地点状语。*(2020全国卷)Because the moons body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit abov
19、e the moon in a spot where it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. 由于月球的身体阻碍了与探测器的直接无线电通信, 中国首先必须将一颗卫星送入月球上方的轨道, 在那里它可以向航天器和地球发送信号。*(2018江苏高考)Self-driving is an area where China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line. *(2019天津高考)Their child is at the stage where she ca
20、n say individual words but not full sentences. 【名师点津】 where/which/that引导定语从句表地点若表示地点的先行词在从句中作地点状语, 用where来引导定语从句, 若作主语或宾语时, 应用which或that来引导定语从句。*This is the house which/that was built by my grandfather forty years ago. 这是我爷爷在40年前建造的房子。(定语从句中缺少主语, 所以用which/that, 不用where)*The school (which/that)we vis
21、ited yesterday is newly built. 我们昨天参观的那所学校是新建的。(关系代词which/that在从句中作宾语)【即学活用】用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空(1)You have reached the point where a change is needed. (2)In an hour, we can travel to places which/that would have taken our ancestors days to reach. (3)This is the town which/that I wanted to visit most. (4
22、)This is the town where I was born. 3. 关系副词why引导的定语从句关系副词why引导定语从句时, 先行词常常为reason, 关系副词在从句中作原因状语。*I dont know the reason why he didnt turn to his good friend for help yesterday. 我不知道昨天他为什么没向他的好朋友求助。*The reason why he didnt come to the party is that he didnt want to see Jane. 他不来参加聚会的原因是他不想见到简。【名师点津】
23、why/which/that引导定语从句表原因若先行词reason在从句中作原因状语, 用why来引导定语从句, 若其在从句中作主语或宾语, 应用that或which来引导定语从句。I wont listen to the reason that/which you have given us. The reason why/for which you failed, I think, was that you had not followed your mothers advice. 【即学活用】(1)用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空I know the reason that/which h
24、e explained at the meeting. Tell me the reason why he refused to listen to my advice. He wrote a letter where he explained what had happened in the accident. They will run an after-class club where kids can have fun and learn how to protect themselves. We are living in an age when QR codes(二维码)are b
25、ecoming more and more popular in our daily life. Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet where life has developed gradually. (2)句型转换There are many reasons why people like travelling. There are many reasons for which people like travelling. . 单句语法填空1. The pressure(pr
26、ess) at work is on the increase in all fields. 2. When I make contributions(contribute) to the society through my work, I will be happy. 3. To find the missing boy as soon as possible, they were reminded to turn to the Internet in addition to dialing(dial) 110. 4. She has recovered from the operatio
27、n(operate). 5. An actor must be able to memorize(memory)his lines. 6. Some people work better under pressure, so moderate(适度的) pressure may be helpful. 7. The school where his sister works is a key middle school in Jiangsu Province. 8. This is the reason why he left in a hurry. 9. His father works i
28、n a factory which/that makes radio parts. 10. She is looking forward to the day when her daughter wins a gold medal at the Olympics. . 语法填空在空白处填入1个适当的关系词I will tell you a story 1. that/which is very interesting. It is about a good man 2. who is called Tom. Tom married a girl 3. whose name is Jane. T
29、hey live in a house 4. which was built by Toms father. It is an old house 5. where Tom was born. Tom likes to write stories and Jane loves all the stories 6. that/which Tom writes. Tom once said he would never forget the day 7. when he met Jane. Tom believes that Jane is the most beautiful girl 8. w
30、ho/that he was ever met. They are really a happy couple. Their children live in a family 9. where their parents are treating them like friends. We all admire the way 10. that Tom treats his children. 【语法主题应用】使用本单元所学语法知识, 结合中文提示补全短文The Chinese Spring Festival is 1. a special time when the whole famil
31、y can get together(一个全家团聚的特殊时刻). But 2. the 2020 Spring Festival was a different one during which the whole families stayed at home(2020年的春节不一样, 在此期间, 全家人都要待在家里). We could not go out to pay a visit to our relatives or 3. to the places where there were many people(去人多的地方). 4. The reason why we did th
32、at was that COVID-19 hit China(我们这样做是因为中国发生了新冠肺炎). To fight against the virus, 5. we must stay in our houses in which it was much safer(我们必须待在家里, 家里更安全). 【文本研读】Task1 框架宏观建构: 整体理解1. Think about how to express your opinion about a phenomenon. (1)Provide your main point(P) in the opening paragraph for
33、your readers. (2)Support your main point with reasons (R) and personal experiences or evidence (E) in the supporting paragraph(s). (3)Give a short but powerful summary in the closing paragraph. (4)To make your argument more convincing, you often need to write in a formal and factual way. You can als
34、o quote an expert. 2. Read through the two news stories and fill in the blanks. Story 1 tends to tell us that Mr Wilson (1)is very happy/pleased with his treatment. Story 2 indicates that Miss Edwards (2)is unhappy with the results of the surgery. Task2文本微观剖析: 特色表达Try to learn the following useful e
35、xpressions to express opinion. In general/On the whole, I think/believe/feel . . . To be honest, Im against/for . . . because. . . Once again/As I said, Id support/oppose the idea of. . . Ive changed my mind. I(dont) believe/agree/think that. . . 【话题素材】1. 话题特点发表观点类文章是对某一事件或社会现象发表个人观点和看法的文章。这类文章通常分成三
36、个部分来写: 提出问题, 分析问题, 得出结论。2. 话题词汇(1)increasingly popular越来越流行 (2)bear the risk of 承担的风险 (3)in my view 依我看(4)benefit from 从中受益(5)improve ones appearance 改善某人的形象(6)argue 辩论(7)hold the idea that. . . 持有观点(8)various senses of beauty 不同的美感(9)a lifelong pain 终生的疼痛(10)satisfy ones appetite for 满足某人对的欲望3. 话题句
37、式(1)描述现象More and more people choose to take the plastic surgery to make themselves look more perfect. 越来越多的人选择接受整形手术, 让他们自己看起来更完美。(2)表达观点Every coin has two sides. 事物都有两面性。Plastic surgery has stepped into our life. Like a magician, it turns an ugly duckling into a beautiful swan. 整形手术已进入我们的生活。它像一位魔术师
38、, 把丑小鸭变成了美丽的天鹅。Though people can make themselves look more beautiful, I dont support the plastic surgery. 虽然人们能让自己看起来更加漂亮, 但是我不支持整形手术。After the surgery, there are always side effects, which haunt people all the time. 手术过后, 总会有副作用, 它们会伴随人的一生。(3)得出结论Beauty is only skin-deep, as the saying goes. 就像俗语所说
39、的那样, 外在美不过是肤浅的。The real beauty is from the soul. 真正的美丽是从心灵散发出来的。【实践应用】现在越来越多的人做整形手术, 希望自己的容貌能变得更加漂亮。请对此谈谈你的看法及理由。注意: 词数80左右。【谋篇布局】【遣词造句】完成句子1. 整形手术在全世界变得如此流行。Plastic surgery has become so popular in the world. 2. 它能把一张普通的脸变成一张非常可爱的脸。It can turn an ordinary face to a very lovely one. 3. 我们对整形手术赞不绝口。W
40、e sing high praises for plastic surgery. 4. 我们不应该忽视其负面影响。We should not ignore its bad effects. 5. 最近几年有很多悲剧的事件被报道。Many tragic incidents have been reported in recent years. 6. 有些人受伤、变瞎甚至死亡。Some people get hurt or blind or even dead. 句式升级7. 用因果关系结构连接句1和句2。Plastic surgery has become so popular in the w
41、orld because it can turn an ordinary face to a very lovely one. 8. 用状语从句连接句3和句4。When we sing high praises for plastic surgery, we should not ignore its bad effects. 9. 用同位语从句连接句5和句6。Many tragic incidents have been reported in recent years that some people get hurt or blind or even dead. 【完美成篇】Plasti
42、c surgery has become so popular in the world because it can turn an ordinary face to a very lovely one. However, when we sing high praises for plastic surgery, we should not ignore its bad effects. The biggest one is its insecurity. Many tragic incidents have been reported in recent years that some
43、people get hurt or blind or even dead. Another disadvantage is its untruthfulness. Many girls pay too much more attention to their face than their heart. Ones inner world is much more important than her face. So, personally, I will not attempt it. I think it is not necessary. I love my face, my legs and any part in my body.
